STUDY OF DETERMINING THE DEGREE OF GRAPHITIZING OF COKE WITH X-RAY DIFFRACTION METHOD

In the paper, the process of determining the degree of graphiti-zing of metallurgy coke with X-ray diffraction method was discussed. The extrapolation was used in order to obtain the interplanar distance. of (002) crystaloface of metallurgy coke. The finding showed that the dmax. wasn''t 3.44A, butO4.31A. A rational formula which could be used to characterize the degree of gra-phitizing of metallurgy coke was found.     

高密度二氧化碳对牛初乳的杀菌效果及对理化性质影响

高密度二氧化碳（DPCD）杀菌技术是目前越来越受关注的非热杀菌技术之一。本文研究了20 MPa、37℃条件下DPCD对牛初乳的杀菌效果。并探讨了经过处理后牛初乳粒度、黏度、色泽、pH值等的变化。结果表明在20 MPa、37℃的DPCD处理30 min以上条件能较好地杀灭牛初乳中的细菌,同时牛初乳发生了色泽变亮、粒度增大、黏度和pH值均降低等变化。     

控释氮肥对莴苣生长及氮肥利用率的影响

采用盆栽和田间试验,探讨了控释氮肥脲甲醛(UF)不同供氮水平条件下的肥料效应;并采用微区试验比较了控释氮肥与其他速效氮肥品种对莴苣生长,形态指标,产量及利用率的影响。结果表明,控释氮肥的供量与产量密切相关,中氮水平处理,肥效最佳,过量供应,单位肥料的肥效明显下降。等氮量条件下,莴苣对控释氮肥的吸收利用率最高,达40.10%,较其它氮肥品种其利用率增加6.93%～31.04%,控释氮肥处理,莴苣的生长指标及增产效应优于其他氮肥品种,不同氮肥品种的增产顺序为UF>CO(NH2)2>NH4NO3>NH4HCO3。     

Effectiveness of l‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate as an ascorbic acid source for sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the adequate dietary ascorbic acid (AsA) levels and the effects on growth, meat quality and antioxidant status of sea cucumber (10.04 ± 0.06 g), Apostichopus japonicus. l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (35% AsA equivalent) was supplemented separately to the basal diet to obtain five AsA levels, 0, 598, 1473, 4676 and 14340 mg kg^?1 diet respectively. After 60‐day feeding trial, the sea cucumbers fed diets containing 598 and 1473 mg AsA kg^?1 showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain and specific growth rate values than the sea cucumbers fed control diets. The sea cucumbers fed diets containing 1473 and 4676 mg AsA kg^?1 showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) hydroxyproline contents than those of the sea cucumbers fed diets containing 0 and 598 mg AsA kg^?1. Antioxidant enzymes such as total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase showed increasing trends with the increasing dietary AsA levels, but no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed when the sea cucumbers fed diets with high dietary AsA levels. The content of malondialdehyde had the opposite trend of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, the adequate dietary AsA level focusing on growth performance of sea cucumber is between 598 and 1473 mg kg^?1 diet. Furthermore, high level of dietary AsA (between 598 and 4676 mg kg^?1 diet) improved meat quality and antioxidant status.     

CCC对葡萄试管苗生长的影响

ＣＣＣ对葡萄试管苗的茎叶生长有显著的抑制作用，茎的高度、节数及节间长度均有明显减少；ＣＣＣ对生根率没有明显影响，但对插段的生根数量有较大的影响，在一定浓度范围内（２０～８０ｍｇ／Ｌ）ＣＣＣ处理的生根数量有所增加，其中以４０ｍｇ／Ｌ时增加最多，为８．６７～８．９５条／段。但ＣＣＣ对根系伸长有明显的抑制作用，随着ＣＣＣ浓度的升高根长逐渐变短；从干、鲜重的变化来看，ＣＣＣ处理后墓叶的干、鲜重是随着浓度的升高而减少，但根系的干、鲜重在０～４０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内呈略增加的趋势，４０ｍｇ／Ｌ以后则大幅度减少。     

The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in Prediabetic Patients in Taiwan

Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is a functional food that regulates the immune system and has been demonstrated in numerous studies to display desirable anti–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) responses. In addition, excess TNF-α production is positively associated with type 2 diabetes. However, few longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the efficiency and toxicity of FCE are available. This article reports that patients with prediabetes who received FCE had a desirable outcome of a reduction in serum TNF-α for a long period. This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial conducted using FCE intervention and placebo groups, and 36 patients with prediabetes were enrolled. Two grams of FCE or placebo was consumed daily for 180 consecutive days. The serum of the participants was collected at four time points (0M: before the intervention; 3M: after 3 months of intervention; 6M: after 6 months of intervention; 12M: 6 months after cessation of intervention at 6M). A serum TNF-α concentration higher than 4.05 pg/mL was defined as a cut-off value. FCE reduced serum TNF-α in all participants at 6M and 12M. Moreover, FCE significantly suppressed serum TNF-α concentrations at 6M and 12M and inhibited TNF-α release with time series in subjects with elevated TNF-α values. FCE intervention effectively reduced serum TNF-α and persistently sustained the effects for half a year in patients with prediabetes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS-MS) analysis revealed that the major components of FCE were phytosterols and fatty acids, which exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-TNF-α abilities. Hence, FCE has the potential to be developed as a natural treatment for prediabetic patients in Taiwan.     

斑茅F1杂交可育亲本选择及其回交后代鉴定和主要经济性状

选用8个Badila(甘蔗热带种)与斑茅属间杂交F1品系与9个甘蔗栽培品种配制了24个回交组合，其中6个F1品系的13个组合杂交可育，共获346株BC1实生苗．经同工酶分析，其中320个株系具有斑茅的特征酶带，为斑茅的真实后代。在杂交可育性和BC1后代主要经济性状方面，斑茅F1品系间和杂交组合问均存在显著差异。斑茅BC1后代的产量性状和糖分仍与甘蔗栽培品种有较大差距，但各性状的最大值已与栽培品种的相当。初步研究结果表明，YC96—40和YC95—41是较好的斑茅F1亲本材料。     

水平圆盘精密排种器新型推刮种器

从水平圆盘精密排种器的工作原理出发，分析了现有推刮种器影响排种精度和导致种子破碎的原因，设计了新型滚珠式推刮种器。台架和田间试验结果表明，设计的推刮种器能降低种子破碎率并提高排种性能指标。     

新疆野苹果花粉活力的研究初报

以新疆伊犁地区新源县交吾托海野果林原生境内的新疆野苹果不同单株的花粉为试验材料,采用固体培养基法研究了不同保存温度和不同浓度蔗糖对花粉活力的影响。结果表明：花粉常温保存3d以内活力较高,平均萌发率为58%,保存5d以后花粉活力开始明显下降,平均萌发率为37%,保存30d以后平均萌发率仅1%,几乎无活力;花粉4℃保存10d以内具有较高活力,平均萌发率在50%以上,4℃保存130d仍有活力;蔗糖对花粉萌发有明显的促进作用,其中以浓度15%蔗糖较好。单株间花粉活力存在差异。     

薄壳苦荞的氮代谢关键酶活性与品质分析

薄壳苦荞可直接脱壳加工米,是苦荞米产业发展的重要种质资源.本研究选用杂交育成的薄壳品种'贵米苦荞55号'为材料,对灌浆期叶片、茎和籽粒中氮代谢的关键酶活性、总氮含量、蛋白质和总黄酮含量等进行分析测定.基于One-way ANOVA分析结果发现,灌浆期苦荞叶片NR活性、茎NR活性、籽粒NR活性、叶片GOT活性、茎GOT活...