犬Ⅱ型腺病毒自然弱毒株的分离与鉴定

从一只３月龄病犬中分离出一株犬腺病毒（ＣＡＶ）,暂定名为ＹＣＡ１８。从一系列形态学、生理化学、生物学和分子病毒学实验证明这是一株Ⅱ型犬腺病毒自然弱毒。此毒株能在犬、猪肾原代细胞和传代细胞系上生长,能产生腺病毒感染的特征性细胞病变,细胞肿胀,变圆和呈“葡萄串样”。在细胞核内可见病毒粒子及其前本的晶格状排列,病毒粒子呈２０面体立体对称,表面有排列整齐的壳粒;能抵抗乙醚的处理,在ＰＨ３及５０℃温度中稳定     

鱼类仔稚鱼营养需求研究进展

文章对仔稚鱼从内源性营养向外源性营养转变阶段死亡的原因、仔稚鱼对氨基酸和脂肪酸的需求研究及消化系统的研究进行了综述,以期解决在育苗过程中早期仔稚鱼死亡的难题,有利于提高育成率及推广鱼类的工厂化养殖目标。     

牛结核γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法在检疫工作中的应用

为评价牛γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法检测牛结核的效果及国产试剂盒的检测效果,本试验首先将国产试剂盒与Prionics试剂盒对42份相对阳性的样品和105份相对阴性的样品进行对比研究。然后对5个规模化牛场的3000头奶牛首先进行国产单纯结核菌素颈部皮内变态反应试验,3天后选取皮内变态反应阳性和可疑及部分阴性牛共418头,进行牛γ-干扰素试验。结果国产试剂盒对阳性和阴性样品的检测敏感性和特异性分别为95.2%和100%,与Priobics试剂盒的符合率为99.3%。表明国产试剂盒与进口试剂盒的检测能力一致,牛γ-干扰素检测方法准确可靠。5个牛场的3000头奶牛单纯结核菌素颈部皮内变态反应试验阳性为138头,可疑105头。γ-干扰素试验对418头奶牛的检测,其中阳性74头,与颈部皮内变态反应（可疑牛暂时视为阴性）的符合率为60.5%。     

根据雏鸡血清酶活性对蛋鸡进行早期选种的研究

本研究测定了147只8、12周龄S220母雏血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性,估测其遗传力及其与产蛋性能间的表型相关和遗传相关。结果表明,8周龄血清AKP活性遗传力为0.62,300日龄产蛋量遗传力为0.20,两者间的遗传相关为0.8245。利用8周龄血清AKP活性作为辅助性状对300日龄产蛋量进行间接选择,其间接选择效率为个体选择的1.4519倍,为家系选择的1.4837倍,为合并选择的1.1887倍。因此,8周龄血清AKP活性可作为蛋鸡早期选种血液生化指标之一。     

鸡与鸭饲料氨基酸消化率测定值比较

本研究应用排空强饲法及石岐杂公鸡、樱桃谷公鸭分别测定定了5种饲料氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率。结果表明：除玉米氨基酸表观消化率外,其余饲料的大多数氨基酸消化率在鸡和鸭之间都存在着明显差异;在32小时收粪时间里,鸭的内源氨基酸排出量明显比鸡多;内源氨基酸对鸡和鸭的饲料氨基酸真消化率都有影响,影响大小随蛋白质含量高低而异,一般饲料蛋白质含量越低的饲料两者相差越大。而内源氨基酸排出量对鸭饲料,尤其对低蛋白含量饲料的氨基酸真消化率的影响比鸡更明显。     

离体牛小肠细胞对β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素吸收的研究

用分离出的牛小肠细胞分别与含不同浓度的β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素培养液温育,结果小肠粘膜细胞对两种类胡萝卜素的吸收呈浓度依赖性,吸收率稳定,与浓度无关,且吸收不受培养温度的影响,因而推断牛小肠细胞对两种类胡萝卜素的吸收是一种被动扩散机制,培养液中聚环氧乙烷山梨糖醇单月桂酸脂(Tween 20)超过一定浓度则抑制类胡萝卜素进入肠细胞,其中对叶黄素抑制作用最大。     

北京地区西瓜枯萎病生理小种分化研究

对在北京大兴、顺义、通县等西瓜主产区采集，经单孢分离得到的８个西瓜枯萎病菌株进行了生理小种分化研究。应用国际通用的３个鉴别寄主ＳｕｇａｒＢａｂｙ、ｃｈａｒｌｅｓｔｏｎＧｒａｙ、ｃａｌｈｏｕｒＧｒａｙ和国内京欣１号、苏蜜１号２个品种，采用全国协作组统一的苗期抗病鉴定方法，进行人工接种鉴定。结果表明北京地区西瓜枯萎病菌株均系同一生理型，为西瓜枯萎病生理小种１号。     

No effect of exogenous melatonin on development of cryopreserved metaphase II oocytes in mouse

Background

This study was conducted to investigate effect of exogenous melatonin on the development of mouse mature oocytes after cryopreservation.

Results

First, mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes were vitrified in the open-pulled straws (OPS). After warming, they were cultured for 1 h in M₂ medium containing melatonin at different concentrations (0, 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁷, 10⁻⁵, 10⁻³ mol/L). Then the oocytes were used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels (fluorescence microscopy), and the developmental potential after parthenogenetic activation. The experimental results showed that the ROS level and cleavage rate in 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin group was significantly lower than that in melatonin-free group (control). The GSH levels and blastocyst rates in all melatonin-treated groups were similar to that in control. Based on the above results, we detected the expression of gene Hsp90aa1, Hsf1, Hspa1b, Nrf2 and Bcl-x1 with qRT-PCR in oocytes treated with 10⁻⁷, or 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin and untreated control. After warming and culture for 1 h, the oocytes showed higher Hsp90aa1 expression in 10⁻⁷ mol/L melatonin-treated group than in the control (P < 0.05); the Hsf1, Hsp90aa1 and Bcl-x1 expression were significantly decreased in 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin-treated group when compared to the control. Based on the above results and previous research, we detected the development of vitrified-warmed oocytes treated with either 10⁻⁷ or 0 mol/L melatonin by in vitro fertilization. No difference was observed between them.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the supplementation of melatonin (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻³ mol/L) in culture medium and incubation for 1 h did not improve the subsequent developmental potential of vitrified-warmed mouse MII oocytes, even if there were alteration in gene expression.     

Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Carrying Aphrocallistes vastus Lectin (oncoVV-AVL) Enhances Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Aphrocallistes vastus lectin (AVL) is a C-type marine lectin derived from sponges. Our previous study demonstrated that oncolytic vaccinia virus carrying AVL (oncoVV-AVL) significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of oncoVV in cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma through the activation of Ras/ERK, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. In this study, the inflammatory response induced by oncoVV-AVL in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) model was investigated. The results showed that oncoVV-AVL increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α through activating the AP-1 signaling pathway in HCC. This study provides novel insights into the utilization of lectin AVL in the field of cancer therapy.     

河南商丘地区棉花黄萎病菌分离鉴定和致病力分析

为探讨河南商丘地区棉花黄萎病菌的致病型群体变异,对该地区棉花上分离的8株单孢菌株的菌落形态、显微结构、致病力、ITS序列、系统进化及菌体蛋白等方面进行了研究。结果表明:这些菌株均属于棉花黄萎病菌Verticilliumdahliae;系统进化树显示8株菌株并没有聚在同一进化枝上;8株黄萎菌菌株存在致病力差异,SQ4菌株致病力最强,属于落叶型,而其它致病力较弱的7个菌株属于非落叶型;不同致病力的菌株间蛋白谱带存在差异。