Differences in bark beetle (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ips typographus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pityogenes chalcographus)</Emphasis> abundance in a strict spruce reserve and the surrounding spruce forests of Serbia

Frequent windthrow in the strict reserves of spruce in the Kopaonik National Park provides much material favorable for the development of Ips typographus (L.) and Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Therefore it was assumed that the abundance of these bark beetles in the reserves was high and that they dispersed to the surrounding spruce forests. To verify this opinion, their population levels were monitored in the strict reserve Jankove Bare and the adjoining spruce forests over the period 2006–2008. I. typographus parasitoids were identified and the parasitism percent was determined in spruce forests around the reserves. Throughout the monitoring period, the abundance of I. typographus and P. chalcographus was found to be lower in the reserve than in the surrounding spruce forests. Five species of I. typographus parasitoids and a low parasitization percent were identified in spruce forests surrounding the reserve.     

施用有机肥对凯特杏果实品质和产量的影响

以12年生的凯特杏为试材,连续3年进行了施有机肥处理对其果实品质和产量的影响试验,结果表明,在凯特杏果园施肥管理中应注重有机肥施入,即每667 m~2施2 800kg有机肥,可保证果实生长发育,增加果园产量和品质。     

AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫病毒VP1基因在昆虫细胞/杆状病毒中的表达

利用杆状病毒表达系统对Asia Ⅰ型口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)VPl基因在Sf9昆虫细胞中进行表达,为研究Asia Ⅰ型FMDV VP1蛋白功能及建立Asia Ⅰ型FMDV血清学诊断方法奠定基础.采用PCR方法从pGEM-T-Easy-Asia Ⅰ型VP1质粒中扩增VP1基因,将其插入杆状病毒转座载体pFastBacHTA,构建的重组质粒pFast-BaeHTA-VPl再转入DH10Bae感受态细胞,经三重抗性与蓝白斑筛选,获得杆状病毒重组质粒Baemid-VPl,然后转染Sf9昆虫细胞.PCR鉴定证实VP1基因正确地插入到Bacmid中,成功构建了杆状病毒重组质粒Baemid-VP1,SDS-PAGE和West-ern-blotting检测结果表明,VP1基因在Sf9昆虫细胞中表达出约26.5 ku的VP1蛋白.将可溶性表达的融合蛋白用Ni-NTA亲和层析方法进行纯化,通过ELISA分析,能特异性地检测出Asia Ⅰ型口蹄疫病毒阳性血清.Asia Ⅰ型FMDV VP1基因在杆状病毒表达系统中的成功表达为Asia Ⅰ型FMDV VP1蛋白的抗原性及血清学抗体水平检测研究奠定了基础.     

Integrated disease management of ascochyta blight in pulse crops

Ascochyta blight causes significant yield loss in pulse crops worldwide. Integrated disease management is essential to take advantage of cultivars with partial resistance to this disease. The most effective practices, established by decades of research, use a combination of disease-free seed, destruction or avoidance of inoculum sources, manipulation of sowing dates, seed and foliar fungicides, and cultivars with improved resistance. An understanding of the pathosystems and the inter-relationship between host, pathogen and the environment is essential to be able to make correct decisions for disease control without compromising the agronomic or economic ideal. For individual pathosystems, some components of the integrated management principles may need to be given greater consideration than others. For instance, destruction of infested residue may be incompatible with no or minimum tillage practices, or rotation intervals may need to be extended in environments that slow the speed of residue decomposition. For ascochyta-susceptible chickpeas the use of disease-free seed, or seed treatments, is crucial as seed-borne infection is highly effective as primary inoculum and epidemics develop rapidly from foci in favourable conditions. Implemented fungicide strategies differ according to cultivar resistance and the control efficacy of fungicides, and the effectiveness of genetic resistance varies according to seasonal conditions. Studies are being undertaken to develop advanced decision support tools to assist growers in making more informed decisions regarding fungicide and agronomic practices for disease control.     

呼伦贝尔黄花苜蓿区域试验研究

对呼伦贝尔黄花苜蓿进行区域试验研究结果表明：呼伦贝尔黄花苜蓿在各试验点种植均表现出较强的适应性，鲜草和千草产量与对照品种肇东苜蓿接近，3个试验点3年平均鲜草产量为33865．6kg/hm^2，干草产量为9146．2kg/hm^2，分别比对照的肇东苜蓿低0．6％和3．2％。方差分析表明二者无显著差异，具有良好的丰产性和持久性，对呼伦贝尔高寒地区严酷的自然条件具有很强的适应性，适宜在我国北方高寒地区大面积推广种植。     

几种豆科牧草种子萌发期的耐盐性

以浓度为0.6%、0.9%、1.2%、1.5%和1.8%的复盐(71%NaCl+3%CaCl2+4%MgSO4+22%K2SO4)溶液培养种子,根据初萌时间、发芽率下降百分比、发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽速度、相对发芽率、相对发芽势和耐盐指数8个指标,应用隶属函数法确定九种豆科牧草苗期耐盐能力为沙打旺>中苜3号紫花苜蓿>东方山羊豆>小冠花>百脉根>扁蓿豆>鹰嘴紫云英>白三叶>黄花苜蓿。     

Inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth by root-infecting fungi in soil of a rice paddy field

 Rice seedling growth, estimated by plant height and root development and discoloration, was better in pasteurized soil than in unpasteurized soil obtained from a flooded rice field. Rice seedlings also grew better in sterilized soil modified by adding roots harvested from the pasteurized soil than in soil modified by adding roots harvested from the unpasteurized soil. The results demonstrate that seedling growth in the rice field soil was inhibited by soil microorganisms, even though no typical symptoms such as seedling blight or damping-off appeared. Pythium aristosporum is suggested to be involved in the inhibition. Thus, it appears that inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth could occur in soils of rice paddy fields. Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002 Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. T. Ichitani, former professor at Osaka Prefectural University, for providing an isolate of Pythium aristosporum for comparison, and Mr. Mitsuaki Sato of Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture for technical assistance.     

毛乌素沙地草地畜牧业经营模式的开发与示范

根据盐池县毛乌素沙地自然特点,坚持以发展种植业、畜牧业为主线,以科技创新为动力,开发出5种毛乌素沙地草地畜牧业经营模式并进行示范,以扩宽增加农民经济收入渠道,促进区域经济的发展,实现生态环境、经济、社会的协调发展。     

覆膜直播建植灌草复合草场技术研究

为了探索在旱作条件下人工灌丛草地的建植技术措施,研究采用带状覆膜直播技术种植科尔沁型华北驼绒藜和鄂尔多斯草木樨状黄芪,在雨季进行种植,播种后膜上灌水1次,每公顷灌水15t左右.结果显示,科尔沁型华北驼绒藜出苗率达到95％,翌年测定成活率达98％;其干草平均产量翌年为4 825 kg/hm2、第3年为8 941 kg/hm2、第4年为12 748 kg/hm2.鄂尔多斯草木樨状黄芪出苗率达到75％,翌年测定成活率达95％;其干草平均产量翌年为927 kg/hm2、第3年为1 421 kg/hm2、第4年为2 275 kg/hm2.该项技术解决了干旱、半干旱地区旱作人工草地植物的出苗、保苗困难问题,对提高灌丛草场土地利用率、提高草场产量和质量、增加草地持久力和耐牧性具有重要的意义.