中草药免疫增强剂的药效学和毒理学试验研究

菌毒克星免疫增强剂是一种动物用纯中草药制剂.为探讨其药效学与毒理学作用,进行了抑菌、解热、止咳平喘、血液学免疫指标和毒理学检测.结果表明,该制剂具有明显的抗菌、退热和止咳平喘作用;血液学检查显示中草药组各项免疫指标高于对照组;毒性试验说明用过此药的试验动物其体重、器官、脏器系数同用肉眼观察的结果均无明显的差异或异常,由此说明菌毒克星免疫增强剂是一种高效、安全的中草药制剂.     

亚洲土壤和地下水金属污染风险评价---综述近期研究趋势以及现有环境法律法规

Asia is experiencing a more rapid economic growth compared to any other regions. The contamination of soil and groundwater with metals can mainly be attributed to human activities; therefore, risk assessments to characterize the nature and magnitude of risks to humans and ecological receptors from contaminants are important. Risk assessments are often iterative processes, which involve identification and filling data gap. Experimental samplings, geostatistical and multivariate statistical methods as well as multimedia risk assessment modeling are the three major methodologies used in the assessment of metal contamination in soil and groundwater. This review highlights a number of measurements for improving risk calculation methods and expounds scientific approaches that involve the identification of the major source of contamination, exposure pathways and bioavailability of metals. In general, risk assessments of metals in soil and groundwater worldwide are mainly focused on the levels of contamination, identification of exposure pathways, and prediction of the probability of contamination. To date, very limited studies have reported the development of relevant environmental laws and policies in the regulation of soil and groundwater contamination in Asia. The development, variations and limitations in the regulations of soil and groundwater contamination among developed countries may provide helpful guidance for the developing countries in Asia.     

Primary anconeal fracture in a boxer

A 14-month-old speyed female Boxer was presented with acute non-weight-bearing lameness in the right forelimb. Radiography revealed separation of the anconeal process, which was thence surgically removed. Histological examination of the anconeal process confirmed a primary fracture. Isolated unilateral anconeal process fracture in the dog is rare and this report includes histopathological findings of a primary anconeal fracture.     

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma with intracranial metastasis in a dog

This report concerns a case of pancreatic carcinoma with widespread metastases to many organs including intracranial metastasis. An eleven-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog showed emaciation, ataxia, and multiple visible tumors within the neck. A MRI examination of the patient was conducted because of ataxia, and it was found that the intracranial invasive growth had resulted in compression of the brain stem. Necropsy was performed after the patient died. Based on gross and microscopic examination, the primary tumor cells were located in the left lobe of the pancreas and widespread metastasis was found into various organs, including the brain, lungs, liver, kidneys, tonsils, serosal surface of the esophagus, and submandibular, pulmonary hilar, mediastinal, and mesenteric lymph nodes. This case indicates that pancreatic adenocarcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis list when cervical neck masses are detected.     

Recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer in crops, drainage water and soil using monolith lysimeters in south-east Nigeria

Labelled urea was applied to monolith lysimeters in the 1st year of a 2-year experiment at Onne in south-east Nigeria. On eight lysimeters maize and rice were grown in each of the 2 years. Four lysimeters were similarly cropped in the 2nd year after being uncropped in the 1st year. Measurements were made over the 2-year period of labelled and unlabelled mineral nitrogen in the drainage water, and labelled and unlabelled nitrogen in the crops. At the end of the experiment, weeds and the soil were also analysed for labelled and unlabelled nitrogen.
The total recovery of ¹⁵N in crop, soil and leachate varied between 70 and 93%. It was lowest when applied to the second season rice crop, which recovered only 15%, and highest when it was leached in the 1st year or was taken up by the maize crop. The highest crop uptake was 31%. The results indicate that, depending on the treatment, between 10 and 30% of the ¹⁵N was immobilized in the soil, lysimeters cropped in the 1st year lost between 22 and 29% of the ¹⁵N in drainage water, and between 7 and 30% was lost by denitrification. The accuracy of these figures is discussed.     

贵州中部的鹭鸟群巢

2006年5月,对贵州中部的鹭鸟群巢进行了调查,共记录到11个繁殖群、1587巢,种类包括小白鹭(Egretta garzetta)、牛背鹭(Bubulcus ibis)、池鹭(Ardeola bacchus)、夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)和苍鹭(Ardea cinema).最大的繁殖群在黄平风云崖和赤水宴府.种类以小白鹭为优势种,其巢数量占总巢数的49.7%;而苍鹭最少,仪占0.1%.所有鹭鸟巢均只发现于贵州中、北部,而南部的雷公山地区没有调查到.鹭鸟群巢在贵州中部的分布明显受到农田种植模式(冬天种植小麦和油菜,夏天种植水稻)的影响,繁殖巢主要分布于稻作区.但在贵州南部的主要稻作区却没有发现鹭鸟繁殖群巢,其原因尚待调查.对贵州黄平和赤水这两个较大鹭鸟群巢所在地需重点加以保护.     

福建花生地膜覆盖栽培技术应用效果初报

试验结果表明，覆膜（专用膜）栽培花生表现出单株分枝多、鲜蔓重、饱果数多且荚果大的优势，与未覆膜之间的产量差异达极；除草膜与光解膜产量差异不明显，但与普通地膜和不盖膜的差异均达极显著；覆膜早播的与其它处理的产量差异也均达极显著，其主茎高、侧枝长、总分枝数、单株结果数等均比迟播的具有明显优势。     

植物汁液化学组成及其与菜心抗性和Cd累积的关系

Sap mixtures of the xylem, phloem, and vacuoles from low and high Cd accumulator varieties of Brassica parachinensis L. H. Bailey were analyzed under Cd stress to understand the biochemical mechanisms of Cd accumulation in plants. Low Cd accumulator （‘Teqing-60＇） and high Cd accumulator （‘Chixin-2＇） plants were grown in Cd-treated soil in pots in a greenhouse. Percentage of cell wall-bound Cd was estimated, pH level and the concentrations of amino acids, organic acids, anions, and cations in both stem and root saps were determined for the calculation of Cd speciations using the computer program GEOCHEM. The results showed that ‘Teqing-60＇ had a significantly higher （P ≤ 0.05） percentage of Cd bound to cell walls in roots and a significantly higher （P ≤ 0.05） pH in the root sap. ‘Teqing-60＇ also contained a higher concentration of total amino acids in both roots and stems compared with the high Cd accumulator variety ‘Chixin- 2＇. However, between the two accumulators, for stems and for roots, there were no significant differences in non-amino organic acids. GEOCHEM calculations showed that Cd in the root sap of ‘Teqing-60＇ mainly combined with amino acids, especially alanine. Compared with ‘Chixin-2＇, in the root sap of ‘Teqing-60＇, much lower levels of Cd as free ions or bound to simple ligands were found, indicating that less ‘Teqing-60＇ is transferred to stems and leaves. Cadmium activity in the shoot sap of ‘Teqing-60＇ was much lower than that in ‘Chixin-2＇; therefore, ‘Teqing-60＇ exhibited higher Cd resistance. However, direct determination of the Cd complexes from xylem and phloem sap is needed to verify these results.     

The Impact of Tourism on Local Government Expenditures

The aim of this study is to broaden the understanding of the impact of tourism on local government expenditures. Specifically, a regression model is developed to examine the hypothesis that there is a direct relationship between the degree of reliance of the local economy on tourism and local government expenditures. This study indicates that the degree of reliance of a local economy on tourism does have a statistically significant impact on the level of capital outlays, transportation, police protection, fire protection, corrections, parks and recreation, financial administration, and general government administration expenditures. This analysis indicates that the share of tourism in the local economy can influence expenditures on a variety of local government services, thus tourism should not be regarded as a totally costless instrument of economic development.