Leukotrienes Affect Secretory Function of Ovarian Cells In Vitro*

The aim of this study was to determine which cells are the source of production and target for leukotriene (LTs) action within the bovine ovary. Luteal (CL, days 14–16 of the oestrous cycle), steroidogenic cells (LSC) and endothelial cells (LEC) of the bovine corpus luteum (CL), and granulosa cells (GC) were isolated enzymatically, cultured in a monolayer and incubated with LTC₄, LTB₄, Azelastine (an antagonist of LTC₄) or Dapsone (an antagonist of LTB₄). Then cells were collected for determination of mRNA expression for LT receptors (LTRs) and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) by real time RT‐PCR, and media were collected for determination of prostaglandin (PG)E₂, F_2α, progesterone (P4; LSC only), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1; LEC only) and 17‐β oestradiol (E2; GC only). The greatest mRNA expression for LTR‐II and 5‐LO were found in LEC, whereas LTR‐I mRNA expression did not differ among cell types. The level of PGE₂ increased after LTs treatment in each type of ovarian cell, excluding LTC₄ treatment in LEC. The secretion of PGF_2α was also increased by LTs, but decreased after LTB₄ treatment of LSC. In GC cultures, both LTs stimulated E2 secretion; in LEC cultures, LTB₄ stimulated whereas LTC₄ inhibited P4 secretion; in LEC cultures, LTC₄ stimulated but LTB₄ inhibited ET‐1 secretion. The results show that LTs are produced locally and are involved in PGs production/secretion in all examined cells (LSC, LEC and GC) of bovine ovary. Leukotriene treatment modulate secretion of E2, by GC, P4 by LSC and ET‐1 by LEC, which indicates that LTs are involved in regulation of ovarian secretory functions.     

我国稻鸭共作技术发展现状与对策

稻鸭共作是起源于我国、成熟于日本的现代农业新技术,具有保护生态环境、综合经济效益显著的技术优势,是我国水稻主产区大力推广的生态农业新模式.就目前国内对稻鸭共作技术研究不深入、技术不配套、农民认识有误区、推广机制不适应、推广缓慢等问题进行了探讨,并提出了应加强技术攻关,创新栽培模式,以农业产业化龙头企业牵头,实行"公司+基地+农户"的机制,延长产业链,加快推广步伐.     

Cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus of high-fat diet-fed mice are increased after rosiglitazone treatment

In this study, we determined how rosiglitazone (RSG) differentially affected hippocampal neurogenesis in mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD; 60% fat). LFD and HFD were given to the mice for 8 weeks. Four weeks after initiating the LFD and HFD feeding, vehicle or RSG was administered orally once a day to both groups of mice. We measured cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus using Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX), respectively, as markers. In addition, we monitored the effects of RSG on the levels of DCX and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hippocampal homogenates. At 8 weeks after the LFD feeding, the numbers of Ki67- and DCX-positive cells as well as hippocampal levels of DCX and BDNF were significantly decreased in the RSG-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated animals. In contrast, the numbers of Ki67- and DCX-positive cells along with hippocampal levels of DCX and BDNF in the HFD fed mice were significantly increased in the RSG-treated mice compared to the vehicle-treated group. Our data demonstrate that RSG can modulate the levels of BDNF, which could play a pivotal role in cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.     

高效液相色谱法测定奶粉中磷脂酰丝氨酸含量

建立了奶粉中磷脂酰丝氨酸的高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测的测定方法。采用氯仿甲醇混合溶剂做为提取剂,Diol色谱柱上分离,正己烷-异丙醇-乙酸-三乙胺和异丙醇-水-乙酸-三乙胺的二元系统进行梯度洗脱。每100 g奶粉中磷脂酰丝氨酸添加量为50~150 mg时,回收率大于85%。定量限30 mg/100 g。该方法具有结果准确,操作简便,重复性好等优点,可用于奶粉中磷酯酰丝氨酸的检测。     

The effects of maxillary nerve block,ethmoidal nerve block and their combination on cardiopulmonary responses to nasal stimulation in anesthetized Beagle dogs

ObjectiveTo describe an approach for ethmoidal nerve block (E_BLOCK) and to compare the effects of a maxillary nerve block (M_BLOCK), E_BLOCK and their combination (M-E_BLOCK) on heart rate (HR), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures and respiratory rate (f_R) during nasal stimulation in dogs.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, crossover placebo-controlled study.AnimalsBeagle dogs (five cadavers, nine live dogs), with a median (interquartile range) weight of 10.5 (10.3–11.0) kg.MethodsThe accuracy of iohexol injections (each 1 mL) at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina in cadavers was evaluated using computed tomography. Then, anesthetized dogs were administered four bilateral treatments separated by 1 week, saline or 2% lidocaine 1 mL per injection: injections of saline at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina (Control), injections of lidocaine at the maxillary foramina and saline at the ethmoidal foramina (M_BLOCK), injections of saline at the maxillary foramina and lidocaine at the ethmoidal foramina (E_BLOCK) and injections of lidocaine at all foramina (M-E_BLOCK). The ventral nasal meatus was bilaterally stimulated using cotton swabs, and HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R were continuously recorded. Values for each variable were compared before and after stimulation using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Changes in variables among treatments were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsComputed tomography revealed iohexol distribution around the openings of the target foramina in all cadavers. In living dogs, HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R significantly increased after stimulation within each treatment (p < 0.03). Physiologic responses were significantly attenuated, but not absent, in the M-E_BLOCK [HR (p = 0.019), SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R (all p ≤ 0.001)] compared with those in the Control.Conclusions and clinical relevanceConcurrent injections of lidocaine at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina attenuated HR, arterial pressure and f_R responses to nasal stimulation in Beagle dogs.     

Bipolaris australiensis HD-1胆红素氧化酶纯化、鉴定及其酶学性质

[目的]为了获得B.bipolaris HD-1胆红素氧化酶纯品,确定酶的同源性及其常规酶学性质.[方法]将B.bipolaris HD-1发酵液依次通过硫酸铵盐析、阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析确定蛋白的纯度、浓度和酶活力;通过基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF）法获得氨基酸序列,并利用Mascot软件在NCBI蛋白库中的比对,以确定同源蛋白来源;用SDS-PAGE方法测其表观分子量;用等电聚焦方法测定等电点;用Linwerver-Burk双倒数作图法测定米氏常数;并对该酶的酶学性质进行了常规的测定.[结果]获得具有胆红素氧化酶酶活性的电泳纯单体蛋白,酶活为46 000 U/L,比活为1.15 U/mg;MALDI-TOF共获得135个氨基酸,该蛋白与来源于Hel-minthosporium tritici-vulgaris的漆酶前体蛋白序列同源性达100％;蛋白的表观分子量为68 kDa;pI为4.1;它对ABTS和胆红素的米氏常数分别为Km（ABTS） =1.8×10-5 mol/L（pH 3.0）和Km（bilirnbin）=2.7×10-5 mol/L（pH 7.5）;对胆红素的最适催化活性为36℃,酶在-40℃下可保持2年,酶活保持在90％以上,在pH 8 ～9.5下可保持相当高的催化胆红素活性,能够耐受高浓度的硝酸钠和尿素,低浓度的叠氮化钠对酶活有促进作用而高浓度则抑制,对氯化钠、溶解氧敏感.[结论]该蛋白具有典型的胆红素氧化酶特性,又存在明显的不同.     

丹红杨等4个黑杨无性系在湖区外滩引种试验

选择近年来引进的洞庭湖区造林的丹红杨、巨霸杨、南林-95杨、南林-895杨,于2004年春在西洞庭目平湖外滩进行对比造林试验,经4年观测,其造林保存率均低于78％。丹红杨、巨霸杨胸径生长量较大;巨霸杨、丹红杨、南林-895杨的材积生长量较南林-95杨增产15．9％～25．6％。各项生长量指标在4个无性系之间均无显著差异。     

不同颜色果袋对‘金冠’果皮叶绿素含量及品质的影响

[目的]研究不同颜色果袋对‘金冠’果皮着色及品质的影响,为‘金冠’有色果袋的应用和生产提供科学参考.[方法]分别用蓝色、红色、绿色双层果袋处理苹果,以小林袋作对照.测定果袋光谱、透光率、果实色泽以及可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC等果实品质指标.[结果]果袋的透光率与果皮外观色泽有密切关系,不同颜色果袋透光率存在差异,透光率大小顺序为:蓝袋＞红袋＞绿袋＞小林袋.随着果袋透光率的降低,反映果实光泽明亮度的L*值在不断增大,而反映果实绿色饱和度的a*值和果实黄色饱和度b*值呈下降的趋势.内在品质方面,不同颜色果袋处理的成熟果实,可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC均存在差异.[结论]透光率较高的蓝色果袋和红色果袋有利于果皮叶绿素的积累,使果面黄色、绿色饱和度增强;果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC含量均高于对照小林袋处理,更有利于‘金冠’果实品质的形成.     

高铜对雏鸡血清中含铜酶活性的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡420只,随机分为7组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu11mg/kg)、高铜日粮[Cu100mg/kg(Ⅰ组)、Cu200mg/kg(Ⅱ组)、Cu300mg/kg(Ⅲ组)、Cu400mg/kg(Ⅳ组)、Cu500mg/kg(Ⅴ组)、Cu600mg/kg(Ⅵ组)]6周。结果显示:与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组雏鸡血清铜蓝蛋白活性显著升高,Ⅴ、Ⅵ组显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),表明100mg/kg和200mg/kg的铜能显著提高雏鸡血清铜蓝蛋白活性,而铜高于500mg/kg时能使其活性降低;铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性变化不明显(P>0.05)。     

温度对吉富罗非鱼呼吸的影响

在10-30℃条件下,测定呼吸室内吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus,GIFT)呼吸频率、水体溶解氧、pH、游离二氧化碳以及氨氮的变化。结果表明,吉富罗非鱼耗氧率(Y_cr)和排氨率(R_an)随着温度(t)的升高而增大,线性回归方程分别为Y_cr=0.0038t²-0.0023t+0.0312(R²=0.9549),及R_an=0.0009t²-0.0027t+0.0037(R²=0.9475);氨熵(Q_a)为0.065-0.099(<0.33),蛋白质供能比为5%~30%,表明吉富罗非鱼主要由脂肪和碳水化合物供能。当温度在15~30℃时,随着温度的降低,二氧化碳排放率从0.0684mg/(g·h)下降至0.0114mg/(g·h)。出水pH明显低于进水pH,且进出水口pH的降低幅度随温度升高而增大。试验期间,10~30℃的呼吸商(Q_r)为0.55±0.10(<1),吉富罗非鱼主要进行有氧呼吸。