Differential effects of treadmill exercise on calretinin immunoreactivity in type 2 diabetic rats in early and chronic diabetic stages

In this study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on calretinin (CR), a marker of early postmitotic neurons, immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus (DG) of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, before or after diabetes onset, and Zucker lean control (ZLC) rats. For this study, 6-week-old ZLC and prediabetic ZDF rats, and 22-week-old ZLC and ZDF rats were exercised on the treadmill. Sedentary ZLC and ZDF rats of the same age were used as exercise experiment controls. The exercised prediabetic ZDF rats did not show diabetes onset, while the sedentary prediabetic ZDF rats showed significantly increased blood glucose levels. The exercised diabetic ZDF rats exhibited a decrease in their blood glucose levels compared to the sedentary diabetic ZDF rats, but the levels were still above 20 mmol/l. ZLC rats of both ages were in the normoglycemic range. CR immunoreactivity was detected throughout the DG, including the subgranular zone and the polymorphic layer. Diabetic rats exhibited a significant decrease in the number of CR-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the DG. Exercise in the prediabetic ZDF rats significantly increased the number of CR-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the subgranular zone of the DG. In the ZLC and ZDF rats of chronic diabetic phase, exercise increased CR-immunoreactive neurons in the hilar region. These results suggest that diabetes significantly reduces the number of postmitotic CR-immunoreactive neurons and the intensity of immunoreactivity and that exercise increases these CR-related parameters in a diabetic stage-dependent manner.     

洼地绵羊防御素sBD-1基因克隆、序列分析及SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量检测方法的建立与应用

根据GenBank上登录的绵羊防御素基因序列,经多重比较后,设计1对引物,从洼地绵羊舌上皮组织中扩增到防御素sBD-1基因,克隆到pMD18-T载体中进行测序.结果表明,扩增基因全长215 bp,编码64个氨基酸.基因进化树分析表明,与蒙古绵羊sBD-1基因有较近的亲缘关系,核苷酸同源性为98.5%;而与黄牛的亲缘关系最远,核苷酸同源性84.6%.氨基酸序列分析表明,序列内无信号肽区域,具有3个潜在的抗原表位.以pMD18-T/sBD-1质粒为模板建立了sBD-1基因SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法,核酸电泳、扩增动力学曲线、溶解曲线及重复性试验表明,检测方法具有良好的稳定性和特异性,得到的回归方程(R2=0.998)表明PCR产物量的对数值与起始模板量之间存在良好的线性关系,从舌、盲肠及输卵管等组织中可以进行有效的检测,检测灵敏度为83.9 copies/μL.该方法为进一步研究防御素sBD-1基因在洼地绵羊抗逆性过程中的作用奠定了基础.     

大叶斑鸠菊药效学初探

目的：初探大叶斑鸠菊的药效。方法：将大叶斑鸠菊制成浓度为1 g生药/mL的提取液,通过抑菌试验、利尿试验及对鸡肾肿的治疗试验,考察其药效。结果：大叶斑鸠菊提取液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌有一定抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度均为0.25 g/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌无抑制效果;有一定利尿作用;饲喂0.4、0.5、0.6 g/mL不同剂量大叶斑鸠菊提取液,2次/d,鸡肾肿明显减轻,鸡的存活率提高,分别为42.86%、71.43%和85.71%。结论：大叶斑鸠菊具有一定抑菌作用、利尿作用,对鸡肾肿有较好的治疗效果。     

Recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing P12A and 3C of FMDV can partially protect piglets against FMDV challenge

One of the crucial factors for evaluation of an effective genetically engineered vaccine is whether susceptible animals are protected from virus challenge after vaccination. In this study, a recombinant pseudorabies virus (PRV-P12A3C) that expressed capsid precursor polypeptide P12A and nonstructural protein 3C of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was used as a vaccine. The expression of P12A3C and its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against FMDV challenge were measured. Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated after each immunization. Subsequently, each piglet was challenged with 1000 ID₅₀ (50% infection dose) FMDV serotype O, named OR/80, which is used to produce vaccine in China. PRV-P12A3C induced a high level of neutralizing antibody and FMDV-specific lymphocytes. Inactivated vaccine provided 100% protection, and the vector strain (TK⁻/gE⁻/gI⁻) showed no protection. PRV-P12A3C induced 60% protection, compared with piglets that were vaccinated with TK⁻/gE⁻/gI⁻. The severity of clinical signs for the remaining two piglets was lighter and the appearance of vesicles was delayed.     

红曲霉菌在畜牧业中的研究现状及应用前景展望

本文对红曲霉菌及其代谢产物进行了介绍,并对其在畜牧业中研究现状及应用前景进行了综述。     

脂肪组织的内分泌功能及其与肌肉组织间的分子信号联系

脂肪组织不仅是机体储存能量的主要场所,还是一个活跃的内分泌器官;骨骼肌同样也具有分泌活性物质的功能,能表达、合成和分泌多种生物信号分子。这些活性因子与许多重要的生理、病理过程有密切的关系。对脂肪组织的内分泌功能及其与肌肉组织间的分子信号联系进行了综述。     

Ontogeny of IGF-I responsiveness to bGH in young lambs

The ontogeny of hepatic growth hormone (GH) receptors (GHR), as measured by responses of both plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and hepatic GHR to an exogenous bGH stimulus, was examined using sheep of different ages (Days 1-7, 14-21, 28-35, and 56-63 of life, and yearlings). The IGF-I response to bGH was first examined in yearling sheep using two doses of bGH (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg LW/d). Based on these results, lambs in four groups up to Day 63 of life were treated for 5 d with bGH (n = 10) at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg LW/d or with saline (n = 10). Jugular blood samples were taken once daily on Days - 1, 4, and 5 of treatment. bGH treatment in lambs up to Day 63 of life had little effect on plasma concentrations of GH, insulin, glucose or urea, but significantly (P < 0.05) increased circulating concentrations of IGF-I at all ages and of NEFA at Day 62/63 of life. In contrast, bGH treatment at either dose in yearlings significantly increased these parameters, except for plasma urea concentrations which were decreased in bGH-treated yearlings. However, the responses of plasma IGF-I concentration to bGH stimulus in lambs up to Day 63 of life were small compared to those in yearling sheep. Consistent with this, bGH treatment failed to affect hepatic GH binding in young lambs, but up-regulated it in yearling sheep. Furthermore, basal (unstimulated) GH binding did not differ between sheep of 7 vs. 63 vs. 365 d of age, despite the greater IGF-I responses to bGH in the latter group. It is suggested that hepatic GHR in lambs up to Day 63 of life are not fully functional compared to the situation in yearlings.     

表达幽门螺杆菌外膜蛋白的重组耻垢分枝杆菌疫苗菌对小鼠的免疫保护作用

为研究含pLAO的重组耻垢分枝杆菌疫苗(Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis,rM.S)对小鼠的保护作用。将重组耻垢分枝杆菌疫苗pLAO(MS)2×107灌胃免疫接种BALB/c小鼠,同时设PBS组、耻垢分枝杆菌空菌组,免疫4周后,各组处死一批小鼠,取胃组织待用;余下的小鼠用幽门螺杆菌标准株(Helicobacter pylori SS1,Hp SS1)攻击2次,4周后处死小鼠,进行胃组织快速尿素酶试验、Hp培养、炎症程度及其炎症活动度评分,以评价疫苗对胃黏膜Hp感染的免疫保护作用,ELISA检测Hp特异性血清IgG和IgA水平。结果表明疫苗组Hp定植评分均明显低于PBS组和空菌组,疫苗组不仅可以降低Hp的定植,而且能减轻Hp造成的小鼠胃黏膜的局部慢性炎症反应。免疫后BALB/c小鼠特异性抗体显示rM.S疫苗诱导的Hp特异性血清IgG、IgA水平都升高。因此rM.S疫苗经灌胃接种BLAB/c小鼠能降低Hp定植,减轻胃黏膜的炎症反应,对Hp感染有明显的预防保护作用。     

三种草坪草对土壤水分利用特征的比较研究

为了筛选出抗旱性较强的乡土草坪草种,在2010年6～9月期间利用盆栽试验研究了持续干旱胁迫对(落)草、羊茅与对照植物草地早熟禾种群的存活期、日均蒸腾量及其动态、萎蔫系数等指标的影响.结果表明:(1)在持续干旱胁迫下,与草地早熟禾相比,(落)草、羊茅种群总存活时间延长了18d～22d,出现暂时萎蔫症状时间推迟了14d～17d.(2)在植物发生暂时萎蔫之前,野生羊茅、(落)草种群的日均蒸腾量都显著低于草地早熟禾,二者的日均蒸腾量分别仅为草地早熟禾日均蒸腾量的60.44％、65.38％.(3)(落)草和羊茅种群发生暂时萎蔫、永久萎蔫时的土壤临界含水量均显著低于草地早熟禾,它们的平均最大土壤水分利用率为75.26％,也显著高于草地早熟禾.三种植物土壤水分最大利用率大小依次为:羊茅＞(落)草＞草地早熟禾.