电控发动机怠速控制模糊算法研究

开发了用于电控发动机怠速转速控制的模糊算法,并在发动机台架上进行了实验验证,实验结果证实了该算法的有效性。     

本溪地区野生动物资源调查研究

作于1996～2000年对本溪地区的野生动物资源进行了调查研究，统计了本溪地区野生动物的种类，查清了51种国家重点保护和有重要经济价值野生动物的种群数量、分布区域和生境状况，分析了影响野生动物资源动态变化的主要因素，对野生动物资源进行了综合评价。提出了保护利用建议。     

Comparison of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and melatonin receptor type 1B immunoreactivity between young adult and aged canine spinal cord

Melatonin affects diverse physiological functions through its receptor and plays an important role in the central nervous system. In the present study, we compared immunoreactivity patterns of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), an enzyme essential for melatonin synthesis, and melatonin receptor type 1B (MT2) in the spinal cord of young adult (2~3 years) and aged (10~12 years) beagle dogs using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. AANAT-specific immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of spinal neurons, and was significantly increased in aged dog spinal neurons compared to young adult spinal neurons. MT2-specific immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of spinal neurons, and was predominantly increased in the margin of the neuron cytoplasm in aged spinal cord compared to that in the young adult dogs. These increased levels of AANAT and MT2 immunoreactivity in aged spinal cord might be a feature of normal aging and associated with a feedback mechanism that compensates for decreased production of melatonin during aging.     

The effects of maxillary nerve block,ethmoidal nerve block and their combination on cardiopulmonary responses to nasal stimulation in anesthetized Beagle dogs

ObjectiveTo describe an approach for ethmoidal nerve block (E_BLOCK) and to compare the effects of a maxillary nerve block (M_BLOCK), E_BLOCK and their combination (M-E_BLOCK) on heart rate (HR), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures and respiratory rate (f_R) during nasal stimulation in dogs.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, crossover placebo-controlled study.AnimalsBeagle dogs (five cadavers, nine live dogs), with a median (interquartile range) weight of 10.5 (10.3–11.0) kg.MethodsThe accuracy of iohexol injections (each 1 mL) at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina in cadavers was evaluated using computed tomography. Then, anesthetized dogs were administered four bilateral treatments separated by 1 week, saline or 2% lidocaine 1 mL per injection: injections of saline at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina (Control), injections of lidocaine at the maxillary foramina and saline at the ethmoidal foramina (M_BLOCK), injections of saline at the maxillary foramina and lidocaine at the ethmoidal foramina (E_BLOCK) and injections of lidocaine at all foramina (M-E_BLOCK). The ventral nasal meatus was bilaterally stimulated using cotton swabs, and HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R were continuously recorded. Values for each variable were compared before and after stimulation using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Changes in variables among treatments were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsComputed tomography revealed iohexol distribution around the openings of the target foramina in all cadavers. In living dogs, HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R significantly increased after stimulation within each treatment (p < 0.03). Physiologic responses were significantly attenuated, but not absent, in the M-E_BLOCK [HR (p = 0.019), SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R (all p ≤ 0.001)] compared with those in the Control.Conclusions and clinical relevanceConcurrent injections of lidocaine at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina attenuated HR, arterial pressure and f_R responses to nasal stimulation in Beagle dogs.     

主要农作物秸秆养分资源现状及其肥料替代潜力分析——以安徽省为例

安徽省农作物秸秆资源丰富,充分利用秸秆养分资源对于农田养分投入的合理分配具有重要意义。评估全省主要农作物秸秆还田当季有效养分替代化肥潜力,可为安徽省减肥增效提供科学依据。本研究以安徽种植面积较大的主要农作物水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆、花生和油菜为研究对象,通过查阅安徽省统计数据和公开发表的文献资料,对2017年安徽省主要农作物秸秆数量、秸秆还田率以及还田当季养分利用率进行估算,明晰了全省化肥减施潜力。结果表明:2017年安徽省主要农作物秸秆资源量为4 699.9万t,秸秆资源分布上呈北部和中部较多、南部最少的特征。秸秆养分资源总量为124.8万t,N、P_2O_5和K_2O分别为38.1万t、11.4万t和75.3万t,分别占全省主要农作物养分需求的40.1%、32.1%和68.9%。理论上,秸秆全量还田,且养分充分利用的情况下,秸秆养分替代化肥潜力大。但秸秆养分N、P_2O_5和K_2O当季利用率分别为38.9%、52.3%和69.9%,实际秸秆N、P_2O_5和K_2O养分还田量仅占主要农作物养分需求的15.6%、16.8%和48.2%,分别占农田养分总投入量的8.6%、6.4%和41.4%。通过秸秆还田,全省可减施化肥63.3万t,减施比例为19.8%, N、P_2O_5和K_2O减施比例分别为11.4%、17.2%、40.7%。进一步提高秸秆还田率和当季养分释放率,是推进全省化肥减施增效的有利手段。     

碘甲磺隆钠盐对土壤中几种生物学指标的影响

通过模拟实验研究了除草剂碘甲磺隆钠盐对土壤中脲酶、过氧化氢酶、呼吸作用及土壤微生物生物量碳的影响。结果表明:碘甲磺隆钠盐在田间施用量(1 mg/kg)下对土壤脲酶和微生物生物量碳的影响呈现为显著的抑制-恢复过程;对土壤过氧化氢酶的影响呈现出轻微的抑制-激活-恢复过程。碘甲磺隆钠盐施用初期对土壤呼吸作用也有一定的影响,浓度愈大,对土壤呼吸强度的抑制愈强,但随着时间的推移,逐步由抑制作用转为一定程度的激发作用,到12 d后施药土壤与对照组土壤的呼吸强度基本上趋于一致。统计分析结果表明,碘甲磺隆钠盐属于低毒或无实际危害的农药。     

林火对土壤氮含量的扰动作用

通过对大兴安岭地区新林林业局 2 0a内不同年份间隔的 11块火烧迹地土壤进行调查取样和室内实验分析 ,发现火烧后不同年限、不同强度的火烧迹地 ,土壤全氮与有效氮含量变化情况如下 :低强度火烧后 9d ,土壤全氮和有效氮含量均比未烧前低 ,这与中、高强度火烧后的情况正好相反。火烧后 4a内 ,土壤氮的含量基本都比未烧林地有所下降 (中强度火烧迹地土壤有效氮含量除外 )。以后有逐年增加的趋势。火烧迹地降第一场雨后 ,低强度火烧迹地土壤全氮比降雨前减少 ,有效氮增加 ;中强度火烧迹地土壤全氮和有效氮均比降雨前增加 ;高强度火烧迹地土壤全氮和有效氮均比降雨前有所下降。连年火烧迹地土壤全氮减少 ,有效氮增加     

牛奶中氯唑西林残留量的高效液相色谱法测定

为建立高效液相色谱法测定牛奶中氯唑西林残留的方法,牛奶样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白,三氯甲烷反萃取,有机相旋干用流动相溶解,正己烷除脂。0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(pH 5.0)-乙腈(68∶32)比例为流动相,C18反相色谱柱分离,紫外检测。结果氯唑西林在15μg/kg～1 000μg/kg范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999 0;在15、30、60μg/kg三个添加水平,氯唑西林在牛奶中的平均回收率为70.25%～94.38%,批内变异系数小于8.34%,批间变异系数小于3.52%。方法检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为15μg/kg。表明该检测方法简单、灵敏、可靠,适用于牛奶中氯唑西林残留的分析检测。     

短稳杆菌对草地贪夜蛾的杀虫活性及其体内解毒酶的影响

【目的】明确生物农药短稳杆菌对草地贪夜蛾的杀虫活性及其体内解毒酶活性的影响,为草地贪夜蛾的高效绿色防控提供理论依据。【方法】采用叶片浸渍法测定短稳杆菌对草地贪夜蛾1、2和3龄幼虫的室内杀虫活性;通过喷雾法测定短稳杆菌对草地贪夜蛾的田间控制效果;以短稳杆菌亚致死剂量处理草地贪夜蛾幼虫,利用酶标仪检测幼虫体内解毒酶（谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、羧酸酯酶）和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的变化。【结果】室内杀虫活性测定结果显示,短稳杆菌对草地贪夜蛾幼虫具有较强的毒杀作用,取食经1.00×107孢子/mL短稳杆菌处理的玉米叶片72 h后,1、2和3龄幼虫的校正死亡率分别达86.21%、83.05%和58.33%。玉米田施用100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌悬浮剂800和1000倍液7 d后,对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果分别为95.84%和93.78%,显著高于0.5%苦参碱水剂800倍液处理（P<0.05）,高于200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂2000倍液处理但差异不显著（P>0.05）。亚致死剂量短稳杆菌（LC₂₀）处理后,草地贪夜蛾幼虫体内谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性均有不同程度下降。【结论】短稳杆菌对草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫具有较好的室内杀虫活性和田间防治效,可作为防治草地贪夜蛾有效的生物农药使用。在玉米田草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫盛发期,使用100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌悬浮剂进行防治时,建议使用800~1000倍液喷施。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌WH1菌液防治油茶炭疽病试验

抑菌测定结果表明,解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)WH1发酵液室内抑菌培养72 h,抑菌率为100%,培养96h,抑菌率为83.2%。田间试验结果表明,第一次药后15 d防效为74.4%,末次药后15 d防效为53.5%,与对照化学药剂差异性显著。