两种无抗制剂对育肥猪生长性能及肠道健康的影响

本试验通过在生长育肥猪饲粮中添加两种不同的无抗制剂,探究其对育肥猪生长及肠道健康的影响。选取体重为（85.95±3.48） kg的LDY三元杂交猪60头,分为对照组、试验1、2组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪（阉公猪和母猪各半）。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%的红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂,试验2组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%的复方中药提取物。结果表明：①3组间生长性能各项指标均差异不显著（P>0.05）。②与对照组相比,试验1组空肠的绒毛高度（VH）、绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）以及回肠的绒毛高度均显著增加（P<0.05）,试验2组空肠和回肠的绒毛高度均显著增加（P<0.05）;试验1组空肠和回肠的绒毛高度显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。③与对照组相比,试验1和2组盲肠菌群香浓指数均显著升高（P<0.05）、辛普森指数均显著降低（P<0.05）;试验1组的香浓指数显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。④在门水平上,与对照组相比,试验1组盲肠菌群变形菌门和放线菌门丰度均显著升高（P<0.05）,厚壁菌门丰度显著降低（P<0.05）;试验2组厚壁菌门和变形菌门丰度显著升高（P<0.05）,拟杆菌门丰度显著降低（P<0.05）;试验1组放线菌门丰度显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）,厚壁菌门丰度显著低于试验2组（P<0.05）。在属水平上,与对照组相比,试验1组链球菌属丰度显著升高（P<0.05）,苏黎世杆菌属、uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae和乳杆菌属丰度显著降低（P<0.05）;试验2组瘤胃菌属和链球菌属丰度显著升高（P<0.05）,苏黎世杆菌属、梭菌属_13、乳杆菌属丰度显著降低（P<0.05）;试验1组梭菌属_13和链球菌属丰度显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）,试验1组uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae、瘤胃菌属显著低于试验2组（P<0.05）。⑤试验1组Occludin、Zo-1、Claudin-1表达量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,Occludin、Claudin-1表达量显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂和复方中药提取物对育肥猪肠道健康均有改善作用,但红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂组饲喂效果优于复方中药提取物组。     

DNA条形码技术在中药领域的应用

DNA条形码技术可对物种进行快速自动鉴定,具有鉴定准确、结果稳定、操作简便、适用广泛等特点,目前在中药领域应用较多。从DNA条形码技术在中药材鉴定、种植、流通、市场监管、中成药鉴定和药用植物种质资源调查等中药领域的多个方面进行综述,并探讨DNA条形码技术在中药领域的优势和不足,以期为DNA条形码技术在中药领域的研究提供新的思路。     

耐药性木霉T2菌株的筛选、紫外诱变与药剂驯化

为获得对杀菌剂有抗药性的菌株,首先测定了深绿木霉T2菌株对6种常用杀菌剂的抗性,选择出了最敏感的杀菌剂－速克灵。同时通过紫外光照射挑选出突变菌株,并在不同浓度的速可灵(50～800 μg/mL)培养基上驯化,最后得到了4株对速克灵抗药性较强的菌株:T2-1,T2-2,T2-5和T2-6。10次转化、菌落生长速度测定、产孢数量的测定和对灰葡萄孢菌的拮抗作用测定结果表明,此4个菌株生物学特性稳定,其中T2-6菌株显著优于其他3株。     

Rye and wheat in piglet rations supplemented by bisergon

In a feeding experiment (54 piglets) and a slaughtering test for the registration of tract and digesta properties (15 piglets) the influence of rations with 69% rye (R) or wheat (W) with and without a supplement of 200 mg of the chinoxalin derivate Bisergon/kg DM (rations RB and WB) was studied. In the sequence R, RB, W and WB the feed intake in the test period of 3 weeks after weaning amounted to 581, 651, 583 and 764 g, weight gain to 314, 365, 319 and 424 g per animal and day. In the same sequence the concentration of organic acids in the stomach amounted to 41, 5, 25 and 18 mmol per 100 g dry matter and in the colon to 106, 83, 64 and 62. Bisergon caused a redistribution of the digesta from the stomach to the large intestine and a more rapid emptying of the stomach as well. Rye caused extreme fermentation processes in the front part of the tract and Bisergon clearly has ergotropic qualities for the stabilization of the intestinal flora.     

番鸭破骨细胞骨髓诱导培养体系的建立

无菌分离、冲洗7日龄内番鸭长骨骨髓,收集、培养破骨细胞（Osteoclasts,OC）。培养过程中对照组不添加钙、磷因子,试验组加入不同浓度比例的钙磷双因子（Ca∶P分别为2∶1、1∶1、1∶2）,进行破骨细胞骨髓诱导培养。倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,于培养1、3d进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色（TRAP）计数,培养7d后扫描电镜观察象牙片吸收陷窝。结果显示,培养3d时试验组TRAP阳性细胞均多于对照组,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;试验2∶1组与1∶1组差异不显著（P〉0.05）,其余各组间均差异极显著（P〈0.01）;扫描电镜观察,象牙片吸收陷窝程度与钙磷比例大小（2∶1、1∶1、1∶2）成反比。当钙磷比例为1∶2时,破骨细胞数量最多,功能活跃。结果表明,鸭破骨细胞骨髓诱导培养体系已成功建立。     

Response of Thawed Epidi dymal Red Deer Spermatozoa to Increasing Concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide,and Importance of Individual Male Variability

Oxidative stress represents a challenge during sperm manipulation. We have tested the effect of increasing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels on red deer spermatozoa after cryopreservation, and the role of male‐to‐male variation in that response. In a first experiment, eight thawed samples were submitted to 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μm H₂O₂ for 2 h at 37°C. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (H₂DCFDA‐CM) increased with H₂O₂ concentration, but we only detected a decrease in sperm function (motility by CASA and chromatin damage by sperm chromatin structure assay) with 200 μm . Lipoperoxidation assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method increased slightly with 50 μm H₂O₂ and above. In a second experiment, samples from seven males were submitted to 0 and 200 μm H₂O₂ for 2 h, triplicating the experiment within each male. Males differed at thawing and regarding their response to incubation and H₂O₂ presence. We found that the kinematic parameters reflected male‐to‐male variability, whereas the response of the different males was similar for lipid peroxidation and viability. A multiparametric analysis showed that males grouped differently if samples were assessed after thawing, after incubation without H₂O₂ or after incubation with H₂O₂. Red deer spermatozoa are relatively resilient to H₂O₂ after thawing, but it seems to be a great male‐to‐male variability regarding the response to oxidative stress. The acknowledgement of this individual variability might improve the development of optimized sperm work protocols.     

Reduced immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the seizure sensitive gerbil

We compared the immunoreactivity and numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive neurons and neuropil in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus between the seizure sensitive (SS) and seizure resistant (SR) gerbils. The distributional pattern of TH immunoreactivity was similar in both groups: TH immunoreactivity was seen mainly in magnocellular neurons of the PVN. However, total TH immunoreactivity in the neurons and neuropil in the SS gerbils was significantly lower than that in the SR gerbils. In addition, the number of TH immunoreactive neurons in the SS gerbils was also much lower than those in the SR gerbils. These results indicate that SS gerbils have a low TH immunoreactivity in the hypothalamic PVN compared with that in SR gerbils.     

鸭肠炎病毒NP蛋白的原核表达及间接ELISA方法的建立

设计一对特异性引物扩增出鸭肠炎病毒(DEV)核衣壳蛋白(NP)基因,并将其定向插入到原核表达载体pET32a上,构建了NP基因的原核表达载体pET-NP;将重组载体pET-NP转化表达宿主菌BL21后,经SDS-PAGE分离后行Western blot显示,获得的表达产物具有良好的免疫原性;应用His.Bind亲和层析柱纯化重组NP蛋白,并以此作为包被抗原,初步建立了检测鸭肠炎病毒抗体的iNP-ELISA;经方阵滴定确定,重组蛋白抗原的最佳包被浓度为5.0μg/L,血清最佳稀释度为1∶80,阳性判定标准为:待检血清OD405值≥1.2,且待检血清OD405和阴性血清OD405的比值≥2.0;应用iNP-ELISA对450份鸭血清样本进行检测,结果iNP-ELISA与全病毒包被的iDEV-ELISA符合率达90.9%。     

PCR方法扩增种属特异性片段检测猪源成分

针对猪线粒体基因的保守序列,设计特异性引物,优化反应条件和反应参数,建立了食品和饲料中猪源性成分的PCR检测方法。该方法灵敏、特异,检测低限达0.01%。其推广使用,对于加强食品、饲料的质量控制和监督监管,具有参考价值。