红菇子实体多糖的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

通过正交实验法优化了红菇子实体多糖热水浸提法的条件为水料比30,浸提温度60℃,浸提时间3h.在此提取条件下,提取率为4.33％.粗多糖经过DEAE-纤维素阴离子交换柱层析得到D1、D2、D3和D4四个组分.研究了红菇粗多糖及其各组分的还原能力、对·OH的清除作用以及清除NO2-的作用,以此来评价该多糖的抗氧化活性.结果表明,红菇多糖具有一定的还原力,对·OH具有明显的清除作用,在体外模拟胃液条件下对NO2-有一定的清除作用.     

四川省不同地理环境下辣椒果实辣椒碱及VC含量差异

为分析四川不同地理、气候条件下辣椒果实内辣椒碱及VC含量差异,在成都平原和川南攀西高原按照当地种植习惯栽种2个线椒品种和1个牛角椒品种,果实成熟后,测定了果实内辣椒素、二氢辣椒素及VC含量。试验结果表明,攀枝花和西昌地区栽种的辣椒辣度显著低于成都和遂宁产的辣椒,但其VC含量显著高于后者;3个辣椒品种辣椒碱和VC含量受环境因素影响。     

Biological Control of Sclerotinia Diseases of Rapeseed by Aerial Applications of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

Indoor and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of applying the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans to the aerial parts of rapeseed plants at the flowering stage to control sclerotinia diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Under controlled conditions, a petal inoculation technique was used to determine the effect of conidial suspensions of C. minitans on suppression of sclerotinia leaf blight. Results showed that C. minitans was effective in inhibiting infection initiated by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on flower petals by restricting mycelial growth of the pathogen. Suppression of lesion development was related to the conidial concentration of C. minitans, with larger lesions at low concentration (5×10³conidia ml⁻¹), but smaller lesions at high concentration (5×10⁴ conidia ml⁻¹ or higher). When C. minitans-treated rapeseed leaves were inoculated with mycelia of S. sclerotiorum, C. minitans failed to prevent infection of leaves, but caused a significant reduction in number of sclerotia produced on the diseased leaves. No significant difference in efficacy was detected between the two isolates of C. minitans, LRC 2137 and Chy-1, on the two rapeseed cultivars, Westar (spring type) and Zhongyou 821 (winter type). Results of field trials showed a significant reduction of stem rot of rapeseed in four (1997, 1999, 2003 and 2004) out of five years by aerial application of C. minitans, compared with controls. No significant difference in suppressive efficacy was observed between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + benomyl (50 μg ml⁻¹) and benomyl (100 μg ml⁻¹) in 2003, and between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + vinclozolin (100 μg ml⁻¹) and vinclozolin (500 μg ml⁻¹) in 2004. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum collected from diseased plants in plots treated with C. minitans in 1999, 2000 and 2003, or with C. minitans + benomyl in 2003 were infected by C. minitans at frequencies ranging from 21.3 to 54.5%. This study concludes that aerial spraying of C. minitans is an effective method for controlling sclerotinia diseases of rapeseed.     

城市公园绿地边缘效应及其影响研究

城市公园绿地与城市其他景观系统的交界处存在着边缘区,边缘区特殊的位置形成了不同于绿地内部的小环境,产生了边缘效应。边缘效应不仅影响公共绿地园林植物群落的稳定性,同时破坏了公共绿地景观的美观,边缘效应对城市公共绿地的作用还没有引起足够重视。通过对成都市东湖公园绿地边缘的植物调查,初步探讨了城市公园绿地的边缘效应及其产生的影响,并对抑制城市公园绿地边缘效应的影响提出了建议。     

芝麻立枯病内生生防细菌的筛选

利用表面消毒涂布平板的方法从大田健康芝麻根内分离芝麻内生细菌399株。平板对峙试验结果显示,176株细菌对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)有不同程度的拮抗能力,其中编号为B16、b10、D31、e23、G10、I10的6个菌株在PDA平板上对于立枯丝核菌具有极强的抑制作用,对西瓜枯萎病菌、西瓜炭疽病菌、小麦全蚀病菌和油菜菌核病菌也表现出广谱的抑菌作用。利用胶体几丁质和胶体壳聚糖作为唯一碳源,测定了上述6株细菌产生几丁质酶和壳聚糖酶的能力,发现b10和G10具有产壳聚糖酶的能力,I10有产几丁质酶的能力。活体盆栽试验测定了上述6株细菌对芝麻立枯病的生防效果,结果显示测定的6株细菌均具有一定的防治效果,其中G10的生防效果最好,可达到52%。利用胶体壳聚糖作为唯一碳源的选择性培养基测定了G10菌株在芝麻根系内部的定殖动态,发现G10在芝麻根部可以长期定殖。     

5个生姜品种对淹水胁迫的生理响应及耐涝性评价

【目的】探究淹水胁迫对生姜苗期形态变化及生理指标的影响,筛选耐涝种质资源,为生姜耐涝机理研究及抗涝品种选育提供参考。【方法】以生姜主产区的5个主栽品种山东大姜、罗平小黄姜、竹根姜、贵州小黄姜、凤头姜为试验材料,设置正常水分处理（CK）和淹水处理（TR）,测定不同处理条件下的生长指标、生理指标及叶绿素荧光参数,利用隶属函数法对5个品种苗期的耐涝性进行综合评价。【结果】与CK相比,淹水胁迫下各生姜品种的株高、茎粗和根系活力均下降;生姜叶片的MDA和H2O2含量均显著上升（P<0.05,下同）,SOD和POD活性在竹根姜中呈下降趋势,在其他4个品种中均呈上升趋势,CAT活性在山东大姜中呈上升趋势,在其他4个品种中均呈下降趋势,PAL活性在竹根姜和凤头姜中呈下降趋势,在其他3个品种中均呈上升趋势。淹水后5个品种的PSII最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）和光化学淬灭系数（qP）显著降低,非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）显著升高。综合评价结果表明,5个品种生姜的耐涝性排序依次为山东大姜>贵州小黄姜>罗平小黄姜>凤头姜>竹根姜。相关分析结果显示,株高与综合评价值（D值）呈极显著正...     

关于国家粮食安全的思考与建议

我国的耕地资源虽然紧张但能够保证国民的口粮安全。今后,国民的口粮安全将取决于政府对粮食生产的行政干预能力和政府对粮食供应(销售)的市场调控能力。我国现有涉粮的政府管理资源,存在部门割据的局面不利于上述两个能力的发挥,为此笔者建议成立国家粮食中心,统筹全国的粮食生产、销售和消费。本文还就影响粮食安全的主要因素(种植面积与种植结构、粮肉消费比与种植结构、收购基金、科技教育、农资供应、粮库库容等)提出了建设性意见。     

Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised intercaruncular areas （IC）. In order to better understand aglandular areas called caruncular （C）, and intensely glandular the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins （DEPs） （P 〈 0.05）, functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.     

蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)美洲幼虫腐臭病最新研究进展

美洲幼虫腐臭病(American foulbrood,AFB)是目前危害蜜蜂幼虫生长的主要细菌病之一,其致病菌为拟幼虫芽孢杆菌原(Paenibacillus Larvae)。本文介绍了它的流行病学特征,并对目前检测美洲幼虫腐臭病病原和防治该病的最新研究进展作一综述。     

磷矿周围环境砷污染情况调查

调查磷矿周围环境和畜禽组织砷含量,为掌握磷矿区周围畜禽产品安全提供依据。采用原子吸收光谱法进行测定。结果表明,环境中砷含量从高到低依次为水体、白菜、土壤、大米、玉米、牧草,而辣椒和萝卜未检出砷;鸡内脏及肌肉砷含量从高到低依次为肾脏、肺脏、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肌肉;鸭内脏及肌肉砷含量从高到低依次为肾脏、肝脏、肺脏、肌肉、脾脏、心脏;猪内脏及肌肉砷含量从高到低依次为肠、肾脏、肝脏、脾脏,而心脏、肺脏和肌肉未检出。说明磷矿周围饲养的畜禽存在砷污染现象。