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961.
Pregnancy‐Induced ISG‐15 and MX‐1 Gene Expression is Detected in the Liver of Holstein–Friesian Heifers During Late Peri‐Implantation Period 下载免费PDF全文
MM Meyerholz K Mense H Knaack O Sandra M Schmicke 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(1):175-177
The bovine embryonic signal interferon‐τ (IFN‐τ) produced by the trophoblast is known to pass through the uterine fluid towards the endometrium and further into the maternal blood, where IFN‐τ induces specific expression of interferon‐stimulated gene expression (ISG), for example in peripheral leucocytes. In sheep, it was shown experimentally by administration of IFN‐τ that ISG is also detectable in the liver. The objective was to test whether ISG can be detected in liver biopsy specimens from Holstein–Friesian heifers during early pregnancy. Liver biopsies were taken on day 18 from pregnant and non‐pregnant heifers (n = 19), and the interferon‐stimulated protein 15 kDa (ISG‐15) and myxovirus‐resistance protein‐1 (MX‐1) gene expression was detected. The expression of both MX‐1 (p: 24.33 ± 7.40 vs np: 9.00 ± 4.02) and ISG‐15 (p: 43.73 ± 23.22 vs 7.83 ± 3.63) was higher in pregnant compared to non‐pregnant heifers (p < 0.05). In conclusion, pregnancy induced ISG‐15 and MX‐1 gene expression in the liver already at day 18 in cattle. 相似文献
962.
J. Bordes G. Charmet R. Dumas de Vaulx A. Lapierre M. Pollacsek M. Beckert A. Gallais 《Euphytica》2007,154(1-2):41-51
Progress made in the in situ gynogenesis technique since 1990 now allows production of a high number of maize (Zea mays L.) doubled-haploid (DH) lines. The aim of the study was to compare DH lines versus selfing lines for testcross performance.
DH and single-seed descent (SSD) lines were produced from random S1 progenies of a broad-base population. For grain yield, kernel moisture, plant height, ear height and leaf length, the three
population means were similar. Except for kernel moisture, the genetic variance of DH lines was nearly twice as high as the
genetic variance of S1 families, as expected. On the other hand, genetic variance among SSD lines was only 1.5 times higher than the genetic variance
of S1 families. This lower variance could be due to a selection bias in the method of production of SSD lines. However, for all
traits, heritability of SSD or DH lines was higher than heritability of S1 families. Epistasis effects in DH progenies were not significant. The consequence was a high correlation between S1 testcross progenies and DH or SSD testcross progenies, meaning that the S1 testcross value can be used to select the best families from which DH lines will be extracted. As a whole, the observed variation
in DH lines appeared to be more in accordance with the observed variation among S1 families than with the observed variation among SSD lines. 相似文献
963.
M. F. Ovchinnikova 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2017,72(5):221-227
The multiyear dynamics of the acid–base parameters and humus characteristics of soddy-podzolic soil affected by main pipeline (MP) construction was studied. Distinctions between the properties of technogenically disturbed soil and soil unaffected by MP construction observed 1, 10, 15, and 30 years after construction have been characterized. The deterioration of physical and chemical properties and clearly displayed features of technogenic degradation of humus have been identified throughout the entire observation period. 相似文献
964.
McGuire NC Vitsky A Daly CM Behr MJ 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(5):425-430
An 8-year-old, male castrated golden retriever presented for cough and increased respiratory effort. Radiographs revealed an alveolar pattern in the right caudal lung lobe and an opacity at the carina suspected to be enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes. The disease progressed to involve the right middle lung lobe. Cytopathology of a fine-needle aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were nondiagnostic. Surgical removal of the right caudal lung lobe and biopsy of the perihilar lymph nodes revealed pulmonary thromboembolism and reactive lymph nodes. The dog died several days postoperatively, and necropsy revealed diffuse pulmonary thromboembolism. Additionally, Blastomyces dermatitis organisms were identified in a pyogranulomatous mass surrounding the trachea near the carina. In an extensive literature search, no reports of pulmonary thromboembolism associated with blastomycosis were identified. It is suspected that the inflammation secondary to blastomycosis caused the thromboembolism. 相似文献
965.
F.M. Trefz A. Lorch J. Zitzl A. Kutschke G. Knubben‐Schweizer I. Lorenz 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):688-695
Background
Neonatal diarrheic calves have a clear negative potassium balance because of intestinal losses and decreased milk intake but in the presence of acidemia, they usually show normokalemic or hyperkalemic plasma concentrations.Objectives
To assess whether marked hypokalemia occurs in response to the correction of acidemia and dehydration and to identify factors that are associated with this condition.Animals
Eighty‐three calves with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal diarrhea.Methods
Prospective cohort study. Calves were treated according to a clinical protocol using an oral electrolyte solution and commercially available packages of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate, 0.9% saline and 40% dextrose infusion solutions.Results
The proportion of hypokalemic calves after 24 hours of treatment (19.3%) was twice as great as it was on admission to the hospital. Plasma K+ after 24 hours of treatment was not significantly correlated to venous blood pH values at the same time but positively correlated to venous blood pH values on admission (r = 0.51, P < .001). Base excess on admission (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–0.94), duration of diarrhea (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.05–1.80), milk intake during hospitalization (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.37–0.79) and plasma sodium concentrations after 24 hours (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01–1.25) were identified to be independently associated (P < .05) with a hypokalemic state after 24 hours of treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Findings of this study suggest that marked depletion of body potassium stores is evident in diarrheic calves that suffered from marked metabolic acidosis, have a low milk intake and a long history of diarrhea. 相似文献966.
967.
968.
R Kasimanickam S Schroeder M Assay V Kasimanickam DA Moore JM Gay WD Whittier 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):775-782
The objectives were (i) to evaluate the effect of temperament, determined by modified 2‐point chute exit and gait score, on artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy rates in beef heifers following fixed time AI and (ii) to determine the effect of temperament on cortisol, substance‐P, prolactin and progesterone at initiation of synchronization and at the time of AI. Angus beef heifers (n = 967) at eight locations were included in this study. At the initiation of synchronization (Day 0 = initiation of synchronization), all heifers received a body condition score (BCS), and temperament score (0 = calm; slow exit and walk or 1 = excitable; fast exit or jump or trot or run). Blood samples were collected from a sub‐population of heifers (n = 86) at both synchronization initiation and the time of AI to determine the differences in serum progesterone, cortisol, prolactin and substance‐P concentrations between temperament groups. Heifers were synchronized with 5‐day CO‐Synch+ controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocol and were inseminated at 56 h after CIDR removal. Heifers were examined for pregnancy by ultrasound 70 days after AI to determine AI pregnancy. Controlling for synchronization treatment (p = 0.03), facility design (p = 0.05), and cattle handling facility design by temperament score interaction (p = 0.02), the AI pregnancy differed between heifers with excitable and calm temperament (51.9% vs 60.3%; p = 0.01). The alley‐way with acute bends and turns, and long straight alley‐way had lower AI pregnancy rate than did the semicircular alley‐way (53.5%, 56.3% and 67.0% respectively; p = 0.05). The serum hormone concentrations differed significantly between different types of cattle handling facility (p < 0.05). The cattle handling facility design by temperament group interactions significantly influenced progesterone (p = 0.01), cortisol (p = 0.01), prolactin (p = 0.02) and substance‐P (p = 0.04) both at the initiation of synchronization and at the time of AI. Inter‐ and intra‐rater agreement for temperament scoring were moderate and good (Kappa = 0.596 ± 0.07 and 0.797 ± 0.11) respectively. The predictive value for calm and pregnant to AI was 0.87, and excited and non‐pregnant to AI was 0.76. In conclusion, the modified 2‐point temperament scoring method can be used to identify heifers with excitable temperament. Heifers with excitable temperament had lower AI pregnancy. Further, cattle handling facility design influenced the temperament and AI pregnancy. 相似文献
969.
Ed Kabara Lorraine M. SordilloSue Holcombe G. Andres Contreras 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014
The periparturient period of dairy cows is characterized by intense lipid mobilization from adipose tissue leading to increased plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). High NEFA are a predisposing factor for inflammatory based diseases. A major component of these diseases is uncontrolled macrophage/monocyte inflammatory responses. Changes in the endocrine activity of adipose tissue during the periparturient period could impact macrophage function by modifying the secretion of adipokines including adiponectin. Currently, the effects of adiponectin on monocyte activation in dairy cattle are unknown. In humans and rodents, this adipokine regulates monocyte phenotype and alterations in its plasma levels are linked with the development of inflammatory diseases. The objectives of this study were to establish associations between plasma adiponectin expression dynamics and different markers of lipid mobilization during the periparturient period of dairy cows and to characterize the effects of adiponectin on the inflammatory response of bovine monocytes. Plasma adiponectin, NEFA, BHB, albumin, and subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat depots depth were measured during the periparturient period of dairy cows. In vitro, bovine monocytes were cultured with adiponectin to assess changes in pro-inflammatory responses following LPS stimulation. Results from this study demonstrate that alterations in plasma adiponectin levels in periparturient cattle are inversely correlated with the concentrations of plasma NEFA, an important marker of lipid mobilization. Furthermore, adiponectin exposure significantly decreased monocyte expression of TNFα after LPS stimulation thus markedly reducing their inflammatory response. Reduced plasma adiponectin during the periparturient period could predispose dairy cows to the development of uncontrolled monocyte inflammatory responses. 相似文献
970.
Organic zinc and copper supplementation on antioxidant protective mechanism and their correlation with sperm functional characteristics in goats 下载免费PDF全文
M Narasimhaiah A Arunachalam S Sellappan VK Mayasula PR Guvvala SK Ghosh V Chandra J Ghosh H Kumar 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):644-654
Trace minerals feeding had significant effects on sperm production and fertility with better absorption and proper utilization within the body for optimum reproductive function. Several studies have shown that more influenced trace elements in the diets of animals are copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Bucks showing deficiency of this mineral might affect the quality of semen production which in turn would affect the fertility. This experiment was thus designed to test the effects of organic Cu and Zn supplementation on antioxidants enzyme activities and sperm functional attributes in fresh semen of bucks. Forty bucks (n = 40, Aged 5 months) were assigned to ten groups of four animals in each group, supplemented (for a period of 8 months) with different levels of organic Zn: 20 mg (T2), 40 mg (T3) and 60 mg (T4), organic Cu: 12.5 mg (T5), 25 mg (T6), 37.5 mg (T7) and combined organic Zn and Cu: 20 + 12.5 mg (T8), 40 + 25 mg (T9), 60 + 37.5 mg (T10), respectively, per kg dry matter and no additional mineral diet (control; T1). One hundred and sixty semen samples were collected through electro‐ejaculator and analysed for sperm quantity, quality, acrosome intactness and plasma membrane integrity and correlated with the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzyme activities in seminal plasma. The results indicated organic Cu and zinc supplemented bucks produced more sperm cells, had higher sperm concentrations, maintained higher (p < .01) sperm livability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, more motility and velocity. The increased antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced oxidative stress and lowered lipid peroxidation were positively correlated (p < .05) with the sperm functional attributes. In conclusion, organic Cu and Zn supplement to male goats showed protective roles against oxidative damage and maintained better fresh semen characteristics. 相似文献