Repair of a type IV Monteggia fracture in a foal

A Monteggia fracture is a humero-radial luxation combined with a fracture of the ulna. It is a rare injury, infrequently reported in the horse. This case report describes the surgical repair of such a fracture in a 4-month-old filly.     

Wheat distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets: feeding behavior, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood metabolites

A study was conducted to evaluate feed intake, ADG, carcass quality, eating behavior, and blood metabolites in feedlot beef steers fed diets that varied in proportion of wheat dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) replacing barley grain or barley silage. Two hundred crossbred steers (BW = 489 ± 30 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to 20 pens (5 pens per treatment). Steers were fed 1 of 4 diets: control without DDGS (CON), 25% (25DDGS), 30% (30DDGS), or 35% (35DDGS) wheat DDGS (DM basis). The CON diet consisted of 15% barley silage and 85% barley-based concentrate; the 3 wheat DDGS diets were formulated by substituting 20% barley grain and 5, 10, or 15% silage, respectively, with 25, 30, or 35% wheat DDGS so that the 35DDGS diet contained no silage. The diets were formulated such that wheat DDGS was substituted for both barley grain and barley silage to evaluate whether wheat DDGS can be fed as a source of both energy and fiber in feedlot finishing diets. Dry matter intake of steers fed 25DDGS was greater (P < 0.01), but final BW, ADG, and G:F were not different compared with steers fed CON diet. Carcass characteristics and liver abscess score were not different between CON and 25DDGS. Steers fed 25DDGS had longer eating time (min/d; P < 0.01), greater meal frequency (P < 0.04), but a slower eating rate (P < 0.04). Replacing barley silage with increasing amounts of wheat DDGS (from 25DDGS to 35DDGS) linearly reduced (P < 0.01) DMI. Final BW, ADG, and G:F were not affected by increasing amounts of wheat DDGS. Carcass traits were not different, whereas liver abscess scores linearly (P < 0.01) increased as more barley silage was replaced by wheat DDGS. Eating time (min/d) and duration of each meal linearly (P < 0.02) decreased, whereas eating rate (min/g of DM) linearly (P < 0.01) increased with increasing replacement of barley silage. Blood urea N was doubled (P < 0.01) compared with CON by inclusion of wheat DDGS. Results indicate that wheat DDGS can be used effectively in feedlot diets, decreasing the need for barley grain or silage without negatively affecting growth performance and carcass characteristics. A reduction in the amount of roughage required to maintain growth performance is a potential advantage in feedlot operations because forage is costly and often of limited availability. Thus, DDGS can be a possible alternative as long as they are available and cost effective; however, increased incidence of liver abscess and increased N content of manure need to be considered when greater amounts of wheat DDGS are included in finishing diets.     

The effects of Tritrichomonas foetus and nutritional status on the fertility of cows on a community pasture in Saskatchewan.

A prospective observational study of a breeding season in a Saskatchewan community pasture was carried out to determine the cause or causes of a chronic infertility problem. There were 774 cows, from 27 herds, divided into 4 breeding groups (A,B,C,D) on the pasture. Cows entering the pasture in May were weighed, had their body condition scored and height measured. All bulls received breeding soundness examinations and a preputial wash, which was cultured for Tritrichomonas foetus and Campylobacter foetus subsp. venerealis. In July, cows were also weighed and had their body condition scored and again when they left the pasture. In addition, cows were pregnancy checked when they left the pasture. Bulls were tested again for Tritrichomonas foetus at the end of the grazing season. Two breeding groups had T. foetus-positive bulls and an average pregnancy of 84%, which was significantly lower than that of the two T. foetus negative groups (93.5%) (P = 0.0001). A cow was 2.97 times less likely to be pregnant if she had been exposed to T. foetus-positive bulls. Cows with average daily gains above the mean for the pasture were 2.12 times more likely to be pregnant. Body condition score upon entering and leaving the pasture, height, age, and breeding group were significant predictors of average daily gain.     

Clinical and Luteolytic Effects of Fenprostalene (A Prostaglandin F(2)alpha Analogue) in Mares

A study was carried out to determine the luteolytic effect of fenprostalene, a prostaglandin F₂α analogue, in mares Ten mares, that included seven cyclic mares, lactating mares and a pregnant mare were used in two experiments. In the first experiment, seven mares were treated subcutaneously with 250 μg fenprostalene and in the second experiment ten mares, including the seven mares used in the first experiment, were treated with fenprostalene and artificially inseminated during the induced estrus. Fenprostalene caused luteolysis in the normal cycling mares and the pregnant mare. Mares showed estrus within one to five days after treatment. Six of the ten mares conceived during the induced estrus and a further two conceived during the next estrus. The compound produced a side effect consisting of a small, raised, sometimes painful skin swelling at the injection site, which lasted for one to two days.     

Oxido-Reductases and Lipases as Dough-Bleaching Agents

To replace benzoyl peroxide as a bread dough-bleaching agent, pure and commercial oxido-reductases (peroxidases, catalases, glucose oxidases, lipoxygenase, and laccase) were screened based on degradation of β-carotene in a liquid system (5 μg of β-carotene/mL of 0.1M citrate phosphate buffer at pH 5.5 or 6.5) or dough. Peroxidases had the best bleaching activity; some catalases also showed bleaching potential in a liquid system but not in bread dough, suggesting that screening enzymes in liquid media has limited application for dough. In 100 g of flour, combinations of peroxidase (3,000 U), lipase (815–1,630 U), and linoleic acid (0–300 mg) completely bleached bread dough.     

用净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系评定反刍动物饲料营养价值

分别从西安、上海、杭州、海拉尔和鄂温克等地采集反刍动物常用饲料样品32种,应用康奈尔净碳水化合物和蛋白质体系（CNCPS）提出的碳水化合物和蛋白质分类方法,分别测定了饲料的粗蛋白质、非蛋白氮（NPN）、可溶性粗蛋白（SCP）、酸性洗涤剂不溶粗蛋白（ADIP）和中性洗涤剂不溶粗蛋白（NDIP）及酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、木质素和淀粉。并根据CNCPS提出的计算方法计算了饲料粗蛋白质中的非蛋白氮（PA）、快速降解蛋白质（PB1）、结合蛋白质（PC）、中度降解蛋白质（PB2）、慢速降解蛋白质（PB3）和碳水化合物中的不可利用纤维（CC）、可利用纤维（CB2）、淀粉、果胶（CB1）和糖类（CA）。比较了CNCPS饲料评定技术与尼龙袋技术的优缺点,建议CNCPS体系可用于反刍动物饲料营养价值的评定。     

Influence of bacterial challenge and long-term progesterone on endometritis of mares

Progress in treatment of endometritis in mares has been impeded by lack of an experimental model. This study tests the hypothesis that exposure of a mare's uterus to bacteria, while being treated with progesterone, will result in a compromised uterine defense after progesterone has been withdrawn. Ten mares were administered progesterone for 8 months and inoculated at the onset of treatment with a 5 x los colony forming units of(CFU) of Streptococcuszooepidemicus into the uterus. Mares were re-inoculated to maintain uterine infection, if necessary. Ten uninoculated mares with normal uteri served as controls. After the end of progesterone treat- ment all mares (treated and controls) experienced a normal estrous cycle and were inoculated with 5 x l0s CFU of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Results of reproductive evalu- ations performed on days 2, 7 and 12 after bacterial inoculation were similar (P>0.05) for treated and controls. Pregnancy rates for treated and controls were also similar (P>0.05). Thus, the treatment evaluated in this study did not cause an alteration in the mare's ability to resolve endometritis.