碱处理芦苇浆纳米纤维素制备工艺条件优化

采用质量分数55%硫酸水解碱处理芦苇浆制备纳米纤维素,研究反应时间、反应温度和碱处理时间对纳米纤维素得率及其平均粒径变化的影响。单因素试验最优制备条件为碱处理时间1.0 h,反应温度60℃,反应时间2.0 h,纳米纤维素得率为54.50%,平均粒径为156.9 nm;通过傅里叶红外和X射线衍射分析,结果表明碱处理芦苇浆制备纳米纤维素为纤维素Ⅱ型。在单因素试验基础上进行正交优化试验,对纳米纤维素得率而言,正交优化最佳工艺条件为碱处理时间1.0 h,反应温度60℃,反应时间3.0 h,此条件下纳米纤维素得率最高,为55.64%,平均粒径为166.3 nm。     

水分调控对杨梅容器苗光合特性的影响

以杨梅(Myrica rubra)1年生嫁接容器苗为试验材料,进行不同水分梯度对其的光合特性的影响试验.结果表明:杨梅的光合作用在不同水分梯度下存在显著差异,其最大净光合速率、光能利用范围与水分含量呈正相关,但水分含量过高反而会使其下降;不同水分梯度下其光合日进程均为双峰型,夏季净光合速率峰值出现在10:00左右,各处理的峰值差异显著;其叶绿素含量在适宜水分含量下最高,且与光合能力呈正相关.综合各项指标,为最大程度满足其水分需求,并达到合理用水的目的,夏季杨梅容器苗培育基质相对含水量以65％～ 75％较为适宜.     

Effect of organic carbon on nitrogen removal and microbial community in the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process

Different synthetic wastewaters are used to analyze the effect of organic carbon on the nitrogen removal and microbial community in the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process. Results show that the nitrogen removal performance is improved by control of DO at a reasonable C/N ratio. The NH +4-N is removed in several ways. When the influent without any organic carbon, the most of ammonium is removed in nitrification-ANAMMOX metabolic pathway; the contribution of nitrification-ANAMMOX decreases, while the conventional nitrification-denitrification process enhanced with the addition of organic carbon. PCR-DGGE and statistical analyses show that the microbial diversity in SBBR reactor fed with organic wastewater is more abundant than it fed with inorganic wastewater,and this exhibits obvious in the biofilm, which also indicate that it helps to format the aerobic-anaerobic microenvironment,so nitrogen can be removed in different ways in one reactor.     

桤木属种质资源研究进展

桤木属种质资源具有重要的学术价值和应用价值.综述了桤木种类与分布、遗传育种、光合特性、固氮特性、材性、抗性、繁殖技术以及造林方法与幼林管理等方面的研究现状,并探讨了桤木种质资源研究中存在的问题.     

The influencing factors of N2O emission and denitrification in the soil of water-level-fluctuation zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

In order to study the influences of water filled pore space (WFPS), temperature, the addition of nitrate (NO -3) and carbon source on N2O emission and denitrification in the soil of water-level-fluctuation zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, C2H2 in hibition incubation experiments are applied. Results from experiments in laboratory and in situ field are analyzed. Results show that the WFPS is a main factor determining N2O emission and denitrification. Denitrification rate increases while the WFPS increases, and the maximum denitrification rate and the maximum N2O emission rate appear when the WFPS is 100% and 60%, respectively. In addition, while the temperature is between 10 ℃ and 40 ℃, the increase of temperature contributes to the increase of the N2O emission and denitrification rates. Furthermore, it is found that the N2O emission and denitrification rates are significantly and positively correlated with temperature. The addition of carbon source could increase denitrification performance in soil. However, the addition of nitrate has a negative impact on the denitrification performance, because nitrogen source is not the main factor determining denitrification performance and excessive nitrate could inhibit the denitrification in these experiments. The addition of glucose, which is a carbon source easily be utilized by denitrifying bacteria, could significantly increase the denitrification rate in soil, and the maximum denitrification rate takes place while the carbon content in per kilogram soil is 240 mg.     

桉树与杉木树干液流特征对比研究

在福州市宦溪镇运用热扩散法和热平衡法对桉树杉木人工混交林内的桉树(Eucalyptus spp.)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)的树干液流进行测定,采用TDR测定土壤含水量,同时对土壤、叶片水势进行测定,对比研究桉树与杉木的蒸腾耗水差异。结果表明:桉树和杉木树干液流日动态变化具有相同的昼夜节律性,均呈中午高、早晚低的单峰型变化;桉树的液流密度小于杉木的液流密度,但桉树的液流通量则大于杉木的液流通量;桉树的单木日均耗水量大于杉木的日均耗水量;桉树对水分的获取能力大于杉木。     

酰胺化果胶的亚氯酸钠脱色技术研究

对酰胺化果胶的亚氯酸钠脱色技术进行研究。试验表明,影响亚氯酸钠对酰胺化脱色效果的主要因素有酒精体系的pH值,亚氯酸钠的质量分数以及酒精体积分数等;同时对脱色完成后的清洗工艺进行研究。通过优化过程中的各个参数,可以在保证酰胺化果胶质量的前提下有效改善脱色效果,为工业化生产奠定良好的基础。     

不同地区来源桉树青枯病原菌落生长及幼枝水培接种致病力的差异

不同地区来源的12个青枯病菌株菌落生长特征及桉树幼枝水培接种致病力差异显著,菌落形态存在一定的差异,但是菌株菌落生长与致病值之间没有明显的关联。菌株菌液浓度对致病值影响显著,随浓度提高而加强;用于试验的4个桉树无性系感病性统计上没有显著性差别。菌落生长主要集中在平板划线培养后的4天内;第4天时,平均大小从3.53～27.68 mm。虽然菌株间致病值差异显著,如剔除表现最强及最弱的2个菌株,其余菌株间致病值则没有差别,说明不同地区幼林林木在等同气候环境条件下,受青枯病危害的机率类似,但是,个别立地林分可能因特定病原菌株而受害严重。     

基于EST-SSRs的巴西橡胶树魏克汉种质核心种质构建研究

橡胶树魏克汉种质是目前橡胶树栽培品种的主要来源,主要来源于魏克汉培育46株母树繁殖的后代,亲缘关系较近.通过对289份资源EST-SSRs分析及基于EST-SSRs位点的多样性,结合种质资源来源和特殊农艺性状,构建包含27份种质的橡胶树魏克汉种质核心种质库,占原群体10％,主要来源于中国(16份)和巴西(6份).核心种质库与原群体相比,总等位基因数保持不变,遗传多样性指数、多态信息含量、杂合度等高于原群体,基因型数目和主要等位基因频率较原群体低,较好地代表了原群体的遗传多样性.同时,核心种质农艺较为丰富,包含了高产、速生、抗寒等种质.     

巴西橡胶树中碱性转化酶HbNINa基因的克隆和表达模式分析

检索橡胶树EST和基因组数据库,发现了1个在叶片中高丰度表达的中碱性转化酶基因.采用RT-PCR和RACE技术获得了该基因的cDNA和基因组序列,命名为Hb NINa.序列分析结果显示,HbNINa基因cDNA序列的编码区(CDS)序列长度为1 719 bp,对应的基因组序列为3 696 bp.序列分析表明,该基因编码571个氨基酸多肽,推测其分子量大小为65.7 ku,等电点为6.36.HbNINa蛋白包含植物中碱性转化酶的全部保守结构域.基因组结构分析显示Hb NINa基因包含4个外显子和3个内含子.QPCR分析结果表明,HbNINa基因在在胶乳中表达水平极低,而在其他组织如树皮、树叶和雌花中的表达丰度相对较高.在叶片发育过程中,Hb NINa在叶片发育的初期高丰度表达,推测HbNINa可能参与叶片蔗糖利用,进而在橡胶树叶片发育过程中起重要作用.