线粒体与细胞凋亡

细胞凋亡是一种由基因控制的细胞自杀性死亡过程,是机体维持自身稳定的一种基本生理机制。机体通过细胞凋亡清除损伤、衰老与突变的细胞,维持生理平衡。通过对细胞凋亡的研究发现,线粒体在调节细胞凋亡中发挥着关键作用。尤其是被称为细胞凋亡主开关的线粒体通透性改变孔(MitochondrionPermeabilitytransitionPore,MPTP),它是细胞色素C、Smac、AIF等凋亡诱导因子的主要来源。本文以MPTP的开放、细胞色素C、AIF在细胞凋亡中的作用以及Bcl-2家族对细胞凋亡的调控做一综述,以便广大读者能系统地了解线粒体在细胞凋亡中的作用。     

欧美宠物市场发展新趋势

1欧洲宠物市场欧洲的宠物市场不再仅仅局限于西欧了,还包括中欧地区(含俄罗斯),上述两个地区的发展历程、特点和前景完全不同。它们各自的主要发展情况怎样?今后几年的形势将如何?1.1现状大多数西欧国家的宠物市场基本稳定,平均销售额以年均3%的速度增长。这足以满足市场消费需求吗?答案是否定的。事实上,3%的增长率大约相当于平均通货膨胀率。另外,相关情况清楚表明,西欧部分国家(如意大利、法国和西班牙)的宠物数量仍在上升,除此之外,其他国家甚至包括中欧地区宠物数量处于稳定状态。基本上,欧洲国家的宠物调制食品指数(PPF指数)都在上…     

灭虫精对西施舌幼贝的毒性试验

在静水条件下,进行灭虫精对西施舌幼贝的毒性试验,试验结果显示:灭虫精对西施舌幼贝24 h致死浓度LC100为400 ms／L,半数致死浓度LC100为250 mg/L,安全浓度为2．50mg／L;48h致死浓度为260 mg／L,半数致死浓度LC50为224ms／L,安全浓度为2．24mg／L。灭虫精用于西施舌人工育苗过程中桡足类等敌害生物防治,具有较强的可用性。根据试验结果,建议使用2 mg／L浓度的灭虫精进行防治,可达到显著效果。     

奶水牛子宫内膜炎细菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验分析

本试验通过对南宁市周边奶水牛场的105头子宫内膜炎患牛进行调查、采样,并用常规方法对细菌进行分离、鉴定及药敏分析。共分离到细菌200株,其中分离率较高的是肠杆菌科细菌(87株/43.5%)、弧菌科细菌(46株/23%)、非发酵细菌(35株/17.5%),另外还分离到葡萄球菌、链球菌和真菌32株,占分离菌株的16%,并且多数呈混合感染。药敏试验分析结果显示,大多数致病菌对恩诺沙星、庆大霉素具有较高敏感性,而对青霉素和氨苄青霉素产生了强耐药性,对氨基糖苷类药物链霉素和卡那霉素也产生了不同程度的耐药性。     

菊苣开花及种子形成规律的研究

菊苣(Cichorium Intybus L.)开花及种子形成规律的研究表明:在太原地区,菊苣6月上旬开始开花,三周之后即7月初达盛花期。种子在授粉后20天即发育成熟,此时,种子发芽率及千粒重均达到最高。最佳种子收获期应在盛花期后20～30天,此时种子呈深褐色,水分含量为25％左右。     

Cloning, expression and characterization of monkey (Macaca fascicularis) CD137

CD137 plays an important role as a co-stimulatory molecule in activated T cells. Agonistic CD137 specific antibodies have been investigated as therapeutic agents to promote tumor-specific immune responses by direct activation of T cells. As part of the pre-clinical pharmacological evaluation of cynomolgus monkeys, monkey CD137 was cloned and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded a full-length gene of 254 amino acids 95% identical to human CD137. Sequence variants identified in monkey CD137 include four splice variants lacking the transmembrane domain. These variants were detectable in human including two previously unreported variants. Two missense single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected present in 42 and 50% of 36 monkeys tested. In both monkey and human, mRNA expression of full-length CD137 and splice variants were significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon stimulation by anti-CD3 antibodies. Recombinant monkey CD137 protein was bound with high affinity by an agonistic anti-human CD137 antibody but not by an anti-mouse CD137 antibody. In summary, compared to human, monkey CD137 showed distinct extracellular domain amino acid sequence and sequence polymorphisms. Thus, antibodies directed against epitopes in this extracellular domain could have differences in pharmacologic activity between cynomolgus monkeys and human or across individual cynomolgus monkeys.     

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.     

欧盟皮内变态反应比较试验法结合ELISA检测牛结核病的研究

现在应用较多的牛结核病检疫方法有变态反应、ELISA等方法。检疫牛结核病目前OIE唯一指定方法是皮内变态反应,该方法也是最古老的方法之一,经过多次改进,仍然为各国所用。该方法的不足是非特异性反应过高,且只能检测细胞免疫状态。牛结核     

松针饲用产品研究进展

松针含有丰富的营养物质和生物活性物质。它可以促进畜禽生长,提高动物的繁殖性能,改善动物产品质量,增强动物的防病能力。文章对松针的成分、松针粉在养殖业上的应用效果和松针饲用产品(松针粉、松针活性物质添加剂)的生产工艺进行了综述,并简要概括了松针产品的发展方向。