SONOGRAPHIC RENAL FINDINGS IN 20 DOGS WITH LEPTOSPIROSIS

Abdominal ultrasound examinations of 20 dogs with confirmed leptospirosis were reviewed retrospectively for renal abnormalities. Three dogs had a normal ultrasound examination. The remaining 17 dogs had sonographic abnormalities of the kidneys. These abnormalities, seen either alone or in combination, included renalmegaly (n=10), pyelectasia (n=9), increased cortical echogenicity (n=15), perinephric effusion (n=5), and a medullary band of increased echogenicity (n=6). At our institution, the medullary band of increased echogencity has only been seen in dogs with leptospirosis and may therefore be a specific sonographic sign for this disease.     

Selenium requirement of growing male turkeys

1. The aim of the experiment was to estimate the selenium requirement of growing male turkeys using the selenium concentrations in different organs and blood plasma and by fitting a continuous broken line to the activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver and plasma. 2. Newly hatched male BUT BIG 6 turkeys were fed either on the selenium deficient basal soybean-maize diets (selenium <0.010 mg/kg diet) adapted to the NRC (1994) and GfE (2004) recommendations for growing turkeys from 0 to 2 weeks (prestarter diet) and 3 to 5 weeks (starter diet) or the basal diets supplemented with 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 or 0.40 mg selenium/kg diet as sodium selenate. Vitamin E was supplemented adequately in all diets. 3. After 5 weeks the weight in all groups (mean 2568 g) exceeded the expectations for the genotype investigated. Feed consumption and weight gain were however significantly reduced in the group receiving the selenium-deficient diet. 4. After 2 and 5 weeks selenium concentration and activity of glutathione peroxidase in the plasma and the organs examined were greatly influenced by selenium supplementation. 5. Under the conditions investigated, 0.30 mg Se/kg diet was necessary for fast-growing male turkeys to ensure maximum selenium accumulation in the organs examined and maximum glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma and liver.     

Synergisms in Science: Climate Change and Integrated Pest Management Through the Lens of Communication—2019 Student Debates

Every year, the Student Debates Subcommittee (SDS) of the Student Affairs Committee (SAC) for the annual Entomological Society of America (ESA) meeting organizes the Student Debates. This year, the SAC selected topics based on their synergistic effect or ability to ignite exponential positive change when addressed as a whole. For the 2019 Student Debates, the SAC SDS identified these topic areas for teams to debate and unbiased introduction speakers to address: 1) how to better communicate science to engage the public, particularly in the area of integrated pest management (IPM), 2) the influential impacts of climate change on agriculturally and medically relevant insect pests, and 3) sustainable agriculture techniques that promote the use of IPM to promote food security. Three unbiased introduction speakers gave a foundation for our audience to understand each debate topic, while each of six debate teams provided a strong case to support their stance or perspective on a topic. Debate teams submitted for a competitive spot for the annual ESA Student Debates and trained for the better part of a year to showcase their talents in presenting logical arguments for a particular topic. Both the debate teams and unbiased introduction speakers provided their insight toward a better understanding of the complexities of each topic and established a foundation to delve further into the topics of science advocacy and communication, climate change, and the many facets of integrated pest management.     

How commercial fishing effort is managed

Wild capture fisheries produce 90 million tonnes of food each year and have the potential to provide sustainable livelihoods for nearly 40 million people around the world ( http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf ). After decades of overfishing since industrialization, many global fish stocks have recovered, a change brought about through effective management. We provide a synthetic overview of three approaches that managers use to sustain stocks: regulating catch and fishing mortality, regulating effort and regulating spatial access. Within each of these approaches, we describe common restrictions, how they alter incentives to change fishing behaviour, and the resultant ecological, economic and community‐level outcomes. For each approach, we present prominent case‐studies that illustrate behaviour and the corresponding performance. These case‐studies show that sustaining target stocks requires a hard limit on fishing mortality under most conditions, but that additional measures are required to generate economic benefits. Different systems for allocation allow stakeholder communities to strike a locally acceptable balance between profitability and employment.     

The role of corporate social responsibility in creating a Seussian world of seafood sustainability

Approaches to counter the overfishing and aquaculture production crisis include those imposed by public governing bodies, as well as those implemented by businesses and non‐governmental organizations (NGOs). In the case of the latter, private actors govern fisheries consumption and production through corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this contribution, we focus on three key tools that businesses are increasingly turning towards in an effort to meet the one particular CSR goal of sustainable seafood sourcing. In this context, the key tools of certifications, fisheries improvement projects (FIPs) and traceability are reviewed, and their potential as well as limits in contributing to continual improvement in pursuit of global seafood sustainability are analyzed. We argue that seafood CSR has created its own whimsical and fantastical world, a Seussian world, in which company image has become more important than sustainability performance. We posit four important barriers that must be overcome to bring seafood CSR back to reality. Specifically, we suggest moving away from the business case for CSR, reducing accessibility barriers for small‐scale and developing world fisheries, reconciling different labels and sustainability concepts, and better recognizing the imperative role of the state in governing fisheries and seafood.     

Solar Availability for Winter Space Heating: An Analysis of SOLMET Data, 1953 to 1975

Solar availability for space heating on coldest-weather days has been determined from an analysis of SOLMET data tapes. The tapes contain hourly readings of insolation and ambient temperature over the period from 1953 through 1975. Scatter diagrams of insolation versus heating degree-days, compiled on a daily basis, indicate a wide variation in the insolation level, even during coldest-weather periods. For all but one of the eight sites studied, the peak-day backup energy requirement of the solar system was in excess of 85 percent of the peak-day energy requirement of the conventional (nonsolar) heating system.     

企业在新兴市场中的市场战略

2006年10月20日,第27届IDF世界乳业大会在上海召开。作为十大专题会议之一的“全球乳业高层论坛”引起中外代表的极大关注。论坛上,国内外乳业高层针对全球乳品产业链的发展趋势和乳业新兴国家的协作与机遇作了精彩报告,为本土企业提供了向乳业跨国公司首席执行官沟通、学习的机会。本刊编辑部对各位乳业高层的发言进行了整理,现刊登如下,以飨读者。     

Sympathoadrenal Neurochemistry and early weaning of swine.

Three litters of pigs were weaned at 21 days of age, and 3 others were left with the sow. Pigs were killed at 21, 23, 28, or 39 days of age. Weaned pigs exhibited anxiety, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and decreased rate of body weight gain. Plasma glucose or liver glycogen concentrations were not decreased by weaning. Adrenal gland weights and tyrosine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.3a), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.2.1), phenethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (EC 2.1.1), and monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) activities were increased after weaning. Adrenal catecholamine and cortisol levels and dopa decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.26) and catechol-o-methyl transferase (EC 2.1.1.6) activities were not significantly altered, although some increases were indicated. Cranial cervical ganglionic choline acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6) and tyrosine hydroxylase activities were increased after weaning. Weaning of swine at 21 days of age is a stressful experience, and many effects persist for at least 18 days; however, growth was no longer impaired 18 days after weaning.