云南省猪布鲁氏杆菌病血清学调查

采用虎红平板凝集试验与试管凝集试验相结合的方法,对云南省部分养殖场和屠宰厂采集的猪血清样本进行布病血清学检测,检测血清样本302份。经虎红平板凝集试验筛选,共检出阳性血清样本30例,检出率为9.934%。阳性者通过试管凝集试验证实,最终检出阳性血清样本14例,检出率为4.636%。其中屠宰厂检出率为6.091%,养殖场检出率为1.905%,屠宰场的检出率高于养殖场。     

人CD8~+T细胞基因调控网络研究

为研究CD8~+ T细胞的功能异常机制,对功能异常状态CD8~+ T细胞和3种正常CD8~+ T细胞亚型[中央记忆CD8~+ T细胞(HCM)、效应记忆CD8~+ T细胞(HEM)和na?ve CD8~+ T细胞(HW)]的ATAC-seq(Assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing)数据进行基因调控网络比较,结果表明,3种正常CD8~+ T细胞特异表达的基因参与维持相应T细胞正常功能的信号通路,功能异常CD8~+ T细胞特异的基因参与癌症相关通路。转录因子调控网络比较分析发现功能异常CD8~+ T细胞GMEB2转录因子表达关闭。细胞表面受体调控网络比较分析发现功能异常CD8~+ T细胞CD7和P4HB受体的表达关闭。采用基因调控网络的数据进行比较分析,发现CD8~+ T细胞功能异常机制可能与GMEB2转录因子、CD7和P4HB受体表达关闭有关,这为抗病育种寻找特定基因提供新思路。     

几种生态因子对红砂和霸王种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

自然条件下进行了土壤温度、水分、播深及覆沙地境对红砂和霸王种子萌发与幼苗生长的效应研究,结果显示,模拟阵雨期(人工洒水)覆沙和未覆沙试验小区白天播种层土壤温度均较高,尤其中午(14:00)覆沙小区1和4 cm播种层土壤温度平均值分别高达43.2和37.3℃,未覆沙小区分别高达38.0和33.6℃.高温引发种子次生休眠是该期红砂和霸王种子不能萌发的主要原因.而且播种层土壤含水量日内下降十分明显,其中覆沙和未覆沙小区1 cm土层平均土壤含水量下降至0.11%和2.62%,也会引发种子产生次生休眠,成为红砂和霸王种子不能萌发的另一原因.自然连续降水期2种试验小区播种层平均土壤温度适宜,播种层土壤含水量高而稳定,满足了红砂和霸王种子萌发的适宜温度和较高水势的条件.因此,在干旱荒漠区进行荒漠草地的人工辅助建植,需要依靠连续性降水过程.自然条件下霸王发芽率最高的播深处理在覆沙小区为2 cm、未覆沙小区为1 cm;在2种试验小区内霸王幼苗生物量最大的播深处理均为2和3 cm.覆沙较未覆沙地境有利于霸王种子萌发和幼苗的生长.播种当年霸王地上生物量为红砂的75～117倍.     

土霉素药渣栽培杏鲍菇可行性研究

以杏鲍菇为试材,在玉米芯中添加不同比例的土霉素药渣作为栽培杏鲍菇的辅料,对土霉素药渣栽培杏鲍菇的可行性进行研究和分析。结果表明:土霉素药渣含有木质素15.58%、纤维素39.62%、蛋白质50.02%及灰分13.15%;玉米芯中随着土霉素药渣添加比例的增加,呈现菌丝生长速率加快、满瓶天数减少的趋势,且添加适宜比例的土霉素药渣,可显著提高杏鲍菇鲜菇产量和生物学效率,其中83%玉米芯添加15%土霉素药渣的处理较优;杏鲍菇对土霉素的降解率可达到99.9%,4个添加土霉素药渣处理的杏鲍菇子实体均未检测到土霉素残留。     

沙漠增温效应下绿洲气象要素时空效应特征分析

本文对古尔班通古特沙漠及其南部不同距离绿洲的温度、气压、风向风速及净辐射进行了比较分析。结果表明,沙漠地表面温度和气温升降速度比绿洲观测点要快、变化幅度大;由于各观测点空气相对湿度和温度升降度不同,使得各观测点的气压升降幅度也不同,白天气压的变化曲线呈单蜂型;各观测点在12:00到18:00期间主导风向主要是南风,还有东南或西南风,在20:00时风速几乎为0;早上和晚上沙漠的净辐射高于绿洲,白天近地面净辐射绿洲大于沙漠;对绿洲气象要素时空效应特征分析,为棉花等绿洲优势作物的播种期、物候期、作物生育及生理生态特性具有一定的指导意义。     

Comparison of External and Internal Pelvic Measurements of Belgian Blue Cattle from Sample Herds in Belgium and the United Kingdom

Measurements describing pelvic conformation of pedigree Belgian Blue cows were obtained from a sample of nine herds in Flanders, Belgium, comprising 111 adult breeding cows, and from 11 herds in the United Kingdom comprising 108 similar cows. All herds in the Belgian sample (111 cows) managed parturition by elective caesarian section as did seven herds (56 cows) in the UK sample; the remainder of UK herds (52 cows) allowed cows the opportunity to calve naturally per vagina before resorting to caesarian section. The data described the external and internal measurements, and pelvic area characteristic of this breed, irrespective of the different selection pressures applied over a number of years to this breed through variation in farm management and market forces present in either country. From these data, generalized linear models were constructed to predict pelvic area; they correctly identified cows with either small or large pelvic areas. There were no significant differences in pelvic conformation between cattle bred either in Belgium or the UK, although those cows bred in herds where natural calving was allowed to take place had significantly larger internal pelvic height (p < 0.05) and area (p < 0.05) than other Belgian Blue cows. The correlation coefficients between internal pelvic height and width and external pelvic measurements were significant (p < 0.001). These results might facilitate the selection of breeding cows with larger pelvic area so that a higher proportion of cows can calve naturally than currently occurs. However, selection for other traits such as relatively low birth weight combined with higher weaning weight should be carried out at the same time.     

乳酸菌添加剂对禾本科混合牧草青贮发酵特性的影响

选用分离于青贮原料牧草天然附着的植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）和蒙氏肠球菌（Enterococcusmundtii）作为添加剂,进行披碱草和老芒麦混合牧草青贮发酵特性的研究。试验分4个处理：球菌组（Em）、杆菌组（Lp）、球菌＋杆菌组（EL）、对照组（Con,不添加）。实验室常温发酵。试验期60 d。结果表明：（1）与Con组相比,Em、Lp以及EL组均明显降低青贮pH（P〈0.05）。（2）Em与Lp以及EL组都明显增加乳酸含量（P〈0.05）,以及乳酸与乙酸的比值,其中EL组增加效果最显著（P〈0.05）;此外3个添加组丙酸及丁酸的含量明显下降（P〈0.05）。（3）EL组显著降低青贮中NH3-N含量（P〈0.05）,Em、Lp组也有降低的趋势,但未达显著水平（P〉0.05）。（4）添加乳酸菌可以降低青贮DM的损失量,与对照组相比Em、Lp以及EL组DM的损失量分别降低了38.4%、43.4%、23.4%。综上所述添加乳酸菌可以改善试验牧草青贮发酵品质,球菌＋杆菌组（EL组）对试验牧草青贮品质改善效果最优。     

Effectiveness of controlled internal drug release device treatment to alleviate reproductive seasonality in anestrus lactating or dry Barki and Rahmani ewes during non‐breeding season

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hormonal treatments on ovarian activity and reproductive performance in Barki and Rahmani ewes during non‐breeding season. Forty‐eight multiparous ewes, 24 Barki and 24 Rahmani ewes were divided into two groups, 12 lactating and 12 dry ewes for each breed. Controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device was inserted in all ewes for 14 days in conjunction with intramuscular 500 IU equine chronic gonadotrophin (eCG) at day of CIDR removal. Data were analysed using PROC MIXED of SAS for repeated measures. Breed, physiological status and days were used as fixed effects and individual ewes as random effects. Barki ewes recorded higher (p < .05) total number of follicles, number of large follicles, serum estradiol concentration and estradiol: progesterone (E₂:P₄) ratio compared to Rahmani ewes. Lactating ewes recorded higher (p < .05) number of small follicles and lower concentration of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to dry ewes. Number and diameter of large follicles recorded the highest (p < .05) values accompanied with disappearance of corpora lutea at day of mating. Serum progesterone concentration recorded lower (p < .05) value at day of mating and the highest (p < .05) value at day 35 after mating. CIDR‐eCG protocol induced 100% oestrous behaviour in both breeds, but Rahmani ewes recorded longer (p < .05) oestrous duration compared to Barki. Conception failure was higher (p < .05) in Barki compared to Rahmani ewes. In conclusion, CIDR‐eCG protocol was more potent in improving ovarian activity in Barki compared to Rahmani ewes, but this protocol seems to induce hormonal imbalance in Barki ewes that resulted in increasing conception failure compared to Rahmani ewes.     

青贮饲料的特性

青贮可以通过适宜的发酵,使作物的营养成分损失最小,并能满足家畜冬春季节及全年对饲料及营养物质的需求.青贮饲料与调制干草相比具有很多独特优势,对其独特的发酵特性进行了简单的分析和概述.