响应面法优化姬松茸液体发酵培养基中红糖和酵母膏浓度

运用响应面分析法优化姬松茸液体发酵培养基中红糖和酵母膏浓度.结果表明,红糖浓度为20.24g/L、酵母膏浓度为2.055g/L时,菌丝体生物量最高,达2.279g/L;红糖浓度为20.8g/L、酵母膏浓度为2.23g/L时,胞外多糖产量最高,达0.749g/L.     

Temperature and surface-ocean water balance of the mid-holocene tropical western pacific

Skeletal Sr/Ca and 18O/16O ratios in corals from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, indicate that the tropical ocean surface approximately 5350 years ago was 1 degrees C warmer and enriched in 18O by 0.5 per mil relative to modern seawater. The results suggest that the temperature increase enhanced the evaporative enrichment of 18O in seawater. Transport of part of the additional atmospheric water vapor to extratropical latitudes may have sustained the 18O/16O anomaly. The reduced glacial-Holocene shift in seawater 18O/16O ratio produced by the mid-Holocene 18O enrichment may help to reconcile the different temperature histories for the last deglaciation given by coral Sr/Ca thermometry and foraminiferal oxygen-isotope records.     

仔猪腹泻病的鉴别诊断及综合防治

对仔猪腹泻病进行了摸索、研究和总结,根据不同日龄和不同临床表现进行鉴别诊断,同时可采取组织病理学、微生物学方法进一步确诊,并采取针对性防治措施,才能有效地控制仔猪腹泻病.     

Staphylococcus aureus proteins differentially recognized by the ovine immune response in mastitis or nasal carriage

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen in dairy ruminants where it is found in healthy carriage and can be a major cause of mastitis. A better knowledge of the host-pathogen interactions is needed to tackle this serious animal health problem. This study aimed at identifying S. aureus proteins differentially expressed by S. aureus in nasal colonization versus mastitis. Serological proteome analysis (SERPA) was used to examine protein samples prepared from culture supernatants of S. aureus strains originally isolated from gangrenous mastitis and nasal carriage (O11) or subclinical mastitis (O46) and to compare patterns of immune-reactive proteins. These staphylococcal proteins were revealed by sera obtained from ewes suffering from S. aureus mastitis and by sera obtained from healthy nulliparous ewes (i.e. no lactation and no mastitis or other symptoms) that were nasally colonized by S. aureus. Altogether 49 staphylococcal immune-reactive proteins were identified in this study. Patterns of proteins revealed by sera from infected- or healthy carrier- animals were comparable and analysis singled out one immune-reactive protein, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase, which was recognized by each of the 6 sera from infected animals, when tested individually, and not by the sera of healthy carriers. This is the first study that compares the S. aureus seroproteome in colonization versus mastitis context in ruminants. These results open avenues for studies aiming at a better understanding of the balance between infection and commensal lifestyle in this opportunistic pathogen and at new prevention strategies.     

Differential Rotation and Dynamics of the Solar Interior

Splitting of the sun's global oscillation frequencies by large-scale flows can be used to investigate how rotation varies with radius and latitude within the solar interior. The nearly uninterrupted observations by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) yield oscillation power spectra with high duty cycles and high signal-to-noise ratios. Frequency splittings derived from GONG observations confirm that the variation of rotation rate with latitude seen at the surface carries through much of the convection zone, at the base of which is an adjustment layer leading to latitudinally independent rotation at greater depths. A distinctive shear layer just below the surface is discernible at low to mid-latitudes.     

Can the sample variance estimator be improved by using a covariate?

Variance componentsare quantities of central interest in many applications, e.g., in cultivar yield stability analysis and in the analysis of measurement errors. In some applications, the feasible sample size is rather limited, leading to estimates of variance components that are subject to considerable sampling variation. For example, new crop cultivars are tested in only a few environments before release to the market, so the sample size for the variance across environments is small. Similarly, testing a new measurement instrument for some chemical compound may be costly, allowing only a limited number of replications. This article investigates the potential for improving the usual sample variance estimator by exploiting covariate information. In a cultivartrial, yield data may be available for only a few environments while meteorological data or data on a standard cultivar has been recorded for a very large number of environments. Likewise, in the analysis of measurement errors, there may be long-term data on a standard measurement procedure that can be used as a covariate to improve the variance estimate for a new instrument. It is shown in this article that the gain in accuracy achieved by using a covariate can be considerable, provided there is sufficient correlation between the covariate and the variable of interest.     

Experimental Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo infection of pregnant cattle

Objective To observe the effect upon the foetus of experimental infection of pregnant cattle with Leptospira borg-petersenii serovar hardjo .
Design A disease transmission study using pregnant cattle.
Procedure Fourteen heifers serologically negative to L hardjo were artificially inseminated and later challenged with a north-Queensland isolate of L hardjo by conjunctival inoculation. The heifers were serologically monitored and their urine examined for the presence of leptospires using culture and fluorescent-antibody tests at appropriate intervals. Elective caesarean sections were performed on pregnant heifers at 6.5 weeks after the challenge. Foetuses were examined using serological, histopathological, microbiological and fluorescent-antibody tests.
Results Ten of the heifers became pregnant, but three subsequently aborted before challenge. After challenge, all 14 heifers seroconverted and L hardjo was isolated from the urine of 6 of the 7 pregnant heifers. No evidence of foetal L hardjo infection was detected. Two of the foetuses had histopatho-logical lesions consistent with Neospora s p infection.
Conclusion It is likely that the isolate of L hardjo used in this study does not normally infect the foetus. Neospora s p may be a more significant cause of bovine reproductive wastage.