An 8-month-old foal in Brazil presented with fever, colic, diarrhea, hypoproteinemia (especially hypoalbuminemia), leukocytosis, and hyperfibrinogenemia and became lethargic and anorexic with a poor body score. A diagnosis of Lawsonia intracellularis proliferative enteropathy was confirmed by fecal polymerase chain reaction and serologic testing, and the foal was successfully treated with oxytetracycline followed by azithromycin. 相似文献
The effect of periodic aeration on the physiological activity of a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast during development of velum (flor) and biological aging of Sherry wine of the Fino type was investigated. L-Proline amino acid was the main nitrogen source for yeasts cells during the biological aging, and its exhaustion may be the cause of the production and consumption of other compounds that are involved in the aroma of wines. Aeration was found to increase adenylate energy charge, growth, and viability of the yeast cells. Also, it affected the intracellular redox equilibrium and the consumption and production of compounds including acetoin, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols, ethanol, glycerol, and acetic acid. Acetaldehyde reached its highest level after the second aeration, which coincided with the exhaustion of the nitrogen source in the medium. The enzyme activity of alcohol dehydrogenases I and II decreased immediately after each aeration, subsequently increasing once all of the dissolved oxygen in the wine had been consumed by yeast cells. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was detected only after the first aeration, and it may be related to the production and consumption of acetic acid in the wine. 相似文献
Cryptosporidiosis is an intestinal protozoal disease of public health importance caused by Cryptosporidium spp. Despite the high synanthropism of raccoons, studies describing the pathology of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in this species are lacking. Therefore, we characterized the pathology of cryptosporidiosis in 2 juvenile raccoons. In addition, we conducted a retrospective search of the database of the California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratory for 1990–2019 and found 6 additional cases of cryptosporidiosis in raccoons. Sequencing of cryptosporidia was performed in one autopsied raccoon, and PCR on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues in archived cases. The Cryptosporidium skunk genotype (CSkG), a strain of zoonotic relevance, was detected in 6 of 8 cases (75%). Frequently, cryptosporidiosis was associated with enteritis, eosinophilic infiltrates, villus atrophy or blunting and/or fusion, and crypt abscesses or necrosis. In 7 of the 8 cases, there was confirmed concurrent coinfection with canine distemper virus; 1 case was coinfected with canine parvovirus. Although crypt necrosis is considered a classic lesion of canine parvoviral infection in mesocarnivores and not a hallmark of cryptosporidiosis, results suggest that canine distemper virus is capable of mimicking such lesions in combination with cryptosporidia and immunosuppression. 相似文献
Flor yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (capensis G1) strain assimilates gluconic acid during the aerobic biological aging process of sherry wines and exerts significant changes on the final volatile compounds of wines, especially a decrease in volatile acidity and butanoic, isobutanoic, 2-methylbutanoic, and 3-methylbutanoic acids. This decrease may have a favorable effect on the quality of sherry wines. 相似文献
Responsiveness to changing photoperiods from summer to winter seasons is an important but variable physiological trait in
most temperate-zone mammals. Variation may be due to disorders of melatonin secretion or excretion, or to differences in physiological
responses to similar patterns of melatonin secretion and excretion. One potential cause of nonphotoresponsiveness is a failure
to secrete or metabolize melatonin in a pattern that reflects photoperiod length. 相似文献
Total and specific phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity were quantified over two seasons in flowers, leaves, fruitlets, and ripe fruit at harvest of the apple cultivars ‘Brookfield’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Fuji’, as well the crabapple cultivars ‘Hillary’ and ‘Manchurian’. The results showed that leaves had the highest phenol concentrations and antioxidant capacity. Phenolic and antioxidant content was progressively lower from flowers, fruitlets, and ripe harvested fruit. There were high concentrations of phloridzin in flowers and leaves, while concentrations were lower in fruitlets, peel, and entire fruit at harvest. The phenolic compound with the highest concentration in peel was quercetin glycoside, while in the entire fruit it was flavanols. The studied crabapple cultivars did not present differences between them in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity.
The phytopathogenic fungus Nectria galligena Bres. is the most common canker disease agent of hardwood trees. The terpenoids colletochlorin B, colletorin B, ilicicolin C, E, and F, as well as the phytotoxin alpha,beta-dehydrocurvularin have been isolated from liquid cultures of N. galligena obtained from the xylem of infected apple trees in central Chile. Ilicicolin C and F and alpha,beta-dehydrocurvularin were active against Pseudomonas syringae with IC50 values of 28.5, 28.5, and 14.2 microg/mL, respectively, in the same range as streptomycin and penicillin G (11 and 15 microg/mL, respectively). All of the compounds showed moderate inhibitory activity toward the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and beta-glucuronidase. The most active enzyme inhibitors were colletochlorin B and ilicicolin C and E, with IC50 values of 30-36 microg/mL in the AChE assay and 32-43 microg/mL in the beta-glucuronidase test. All of the chlorinated compounds showed some toxicity toward human lung fibroblasts, with IC50 values in the range of 64-120 microg/mL. alpha,beta-Dehydrocurvularin proved to be the most toxic compound, showing IC50 values less than 12 microg/mL. The effect of the isolated compounds on seed germination and radicle and epicotyl growth was assessed in lettuce and millet seeds. At 100 and 200 microg/disk, alpha,beta-dehydrocurvularin significantly reduced radicle length and epicotyl growth in Lactuca sativa. This is the first report on the occurrence of colletochlorin B, colletorin B, ilicicolin C, E, and F, as well as alpha,beta-dehydrocurvularin associated to N. galligena. 相似文献
The pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in 2-yr-old loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) after single i.v. and i.m. injections were studied for biologic marking and therapeutic applications. Twenty juvenile turtles were divided into two treatment groups. Ten animals received 25 mg/kg of oxytetracycline i.v. and 10 received the same dosage i.m. Plasma oxytetracycline concentrations were analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Data from the i.v. route best fit a three-compartment model, whereas noncompartmental analysis was used to compare data from both the i.v. and i.m routes. For the i.v. route, means for maximum plasma concentration, terminal phase half-life, systemic clearance, and apparent volume of distribution at steady state were 6.6 microg/ml, 66.1 hr, 290.7 ml/hr/kg, and 18.4 L, respectively. For the i.m. route, means for systemic availability, maximum plasma concentration, and elimination half-life were 91.8%, 1.6 microg/ml, and 61.9 hr, respectively. The remarkably high apparent volume of distribution may possibly be associated with a deep compartment of drug disposition such as bone deposition associated with the large skeletal mass of turtles and the fact that these were well-nourished, growing juveniles. Although maximum plasma concentration by i.m. administration was lower than for the i.v. route, the long elimination time indicates that an infrequent dosing interval may be effective for sensitive bacteria. 相似文献
A study was made of the influence of the upper leaf surface characteristics on the retention and rainfastness of the contact fungicide mancozeb with and without tank-mix adjuvants (RSO 5 and RSO 60) on apple seedlings, bean seedlings and kohlrabi plants. Large differences in roughness, in the amount and composition of surface waxes and in the retention and rainfastness of mancozeb were found among species. Strong correlations between roughness and total amount of surface waxes and mass of C29 alkane in the wax mass were also found. Fungicide retention was strongly, negatively correlated with surface roughness, total epicuticular wax, amount of C29 alkane and the total mass of alkanes. Rainfastness correlated strongly or very strongly with the amount of C28 alcohol and C33 alkane. The addition of a more hydrophobic (RSO 5) or a more hydrophilic (RSO 60) adjuvant to the spray solution influenced retention and rainfastness, and also altered the correlation coefficients. The present results support earlier observations which show that the success of adjuvants in enhancing the retention and rainfastness of agrochemicals depends on the characteristics of the leaf surface. 相似文献
Mountain lion (Puma concolor) depredation incidents on livestock herds were recorded at 15 ranches in southern Brazil from 1993 to 1995. Maximum losses to mountain lions were 78% for goats, 84% for sheep, and 16% for cattle. Cattle mortality arising from causes other than depredation assumed a greater importance in herd productivity. In contrast, attacks on sheep and goats were more frequent than losses to other causes, but could be reduced to acceptable levels when flocks were corralled at night. Most depredation incidents occurred when weather and light conditions were unfavorable to human activity. We explain these patterns and inter-ranch variation in depredation rates on the basis of a risk-avoidance strategy by the mountain lions. Stock losses can be minimized by understanding these patterns and by applying appropriate herd husbandry, thus reducing the urge to persecute this protected species. 相似文献