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101.
Inokuma H Tsuji M Kim SJ Fujimoto T Nagata M Hosoi E Arai S Ishihara C Okuda M 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,120(4):339-345
The 18S rRNA genes of Theileria species detected in sika deer, Cervus nippon centralis in Yamaguchi and Cervus nippon yesoensis in Hokkaido, were analyzed. The percent identities of the nucleotide sequences of Theileria from Cervus nippon centralis and Cervus nippon yesoensis were more than 99%. The percent identities of the Theileria sp. from sika deer and Theileria sergenti, Theileria buffeli and Theileria cervi were 97, 96 and 95%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the gene sequences also revealed that Theileria sp. detected from sika deer comprise a clade that is clearly distinct from the clade comprised of Theileria from cattle. 相似文献
102.
Atfritedy Limin Mariko Shimizu Masayoshi Mano Keisuke Ono Akira Miyata Hideo Wada 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):856-872
AbstractThe carbon (C) budget of managed grassland in a cool-temperate region of Japan was estimated using a combination of eddy covariance and the biometric method for five years, to evaluate the effect of manure application. Chemical fertilizer was applied to the fertilizer (F) plot at a rate of 79 ± 20 kg N ha?1 yr?1. In the manure (M) plot, dairy cattle manure was applied at a rate of 10 Mg fresh matter ha?1 yr?1 (1923 ± 407 kg C ha?1 yr?1, 159 ± 68 kg N ha?1 yr?1). There was no significant difference in seasonal gross primary production (GPP) and harvest between the treatment plots, indicating that both fertilizer and manure can increase the biomass production. Annual net ecosystem production (NEP) and ecosystem respiration (RE) was significantly different between the treatment plots. The difference in RE, and between M and F plots approximates heterotrophic respiration of manure (RHm), which ranged from 0.9 to 1.3 Mg C ha?1 yr?1. Average annual RHm was 1.1 ± 0.4 Mg C ha?1 yr?1, and accounted for 56% of the total amount of applied manure C. The annual net biome production (NBP) in the M plot (from 0.0 to 1.5 Mg C ha?1 yr?1) was significantly higher than in the F plot (?1.4 to 0.5 Mg C ha?1 yr?1). The long-term effect of manure application combined with chemical fertilizer did not reduce grass production compared with chemical fertilizer only; however, manure application decreased the NEP throughout manure decomposition, and long-term manure application enhanced the NBP. 相似文献
103.
Akihiro Hideno Ayato Kawashima Masayoshi Fukuoka Takashi Endo Katsuhisa Honda Masatoshi Morita 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(2):381-393
Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) is a recalcitrance softwood widely used as building material in Japan. A combined technique of alcohol-based organosolv treatment and ball milling (BM) of this softwood for the production of fermentable sugars from lignocellulose was investigated. Ethanol, ethylene glycol, water, and their mixtures were used as solvents, and acetic acid was used as a proton donor. After solvolysis, a residual sample was subjected to short-time BM, and the entire residue was evaluated by saccharification with Acremonium cellulase. Short-time BM after alcohol-based organosolv treatment greatly improved the enzymatic digestibility and decreased the required severity of organosolv treatment. Moreover, alcohol-based organosolv treatment increased the efficiency and reduced the time required for BM despite small quantity of removed lignin. It was found that the combination of alcohol-based organosolv treatment in mild condition and short-time BM had a synergistic effect on the enzymatic digestibility of Japanese cypress. 相似文献
104.
Masaki Momose Yoshio Itoh Naoyuki Umemoto Masayoshi Nakayama Yoshihiro Ozeki 《Breeding Science》2013,63(4):435-440
A glutathione S-transferase-like gene, DcGSTF2, is responsible for carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flower color intensity. Two defective genes, DcGSTF2mu with a nonsense mutation and DcGSTF2-dTac1 containing a transposable element dTac1, have been characterized in detail in this report. dTac1 is an active element that produces reverted functional genes by excision of the element. A pale-pink cultivar ‘Daisy’ carries both defective genes, whereas a spontaneous deep-colored mutant ‘Daisy-VPR’ lost the element from DcGSTF2-dTac1. This finding confirmed that dTac1 is active and that the resulting reverted gene, DcGSTF2rev1, missing the element is responsible for this color change. Crosses between the pale-colored cultivar ‘06-LA’ and a deep-colored cultivar ‘Spectrum’ produced segregating progeny. Only the deep-colored progeny had DcGSTF2rev2 derived from the ‘Spectrum’ parent, whereas progeny with pale-colored flowers had defective forms from both parents, DcGSTF2mu and DcGSTF2-dTac1. Thus, DcGSTF2rev2 had functional activity and likely originated from excision of dTac1 since there was a footprint sequence at the vacated site of the dTac1 insertion. Characterizing the DcGSTF2 genes in several cultivars revealed that the two functional genes, DcGSTF2rev1 and DcGSTF2rev2, have been used for some time in carnation breeding with the latter in use for more than half a century. 相似文献
105.
Murata S Hayashi Y Kato A Isezaki M Takasaki S Onuma M Osa Y Asakawa M Konnai S Ohashi K 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,192(3):538-540
Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV-1) strains cause malignant lymphoma in chickens. MDV-1 has been previously reported to be widespread in white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons); however, the prevalence of MDV-1 in other wild birds has not been determined. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of MDV-1 in various wild birds in Hokkaido, Japan. The MDV-1 genome was widespread in geese and ducks, but was not detected in other birds. MDV-1 was detected in both sedentary and migratory species. These results suggest that, in Japan, MDV-1 is widespread in wild goose and duck populations, and that resident ducks may be significant carriers and reservoirs of MDV-1. 相似文献
106.
Optimal gate operation of a main drainage canal in a flat,low-lying,agricultural area using a tank model 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Le Van Chinh Kazuaki Hiramatsu Masayoshi Harada Makito Mori 《Paddy and Water Environment》2008,6(3):243-256
Chiyoda basin is located in Saga Prefecture in Kyushu Island, Japan, and lies next to the tidal compartment of the Chikugo
River to which the excess water in the basin is drained away. Chiyoda basin has a total area of about 1,100 ha and is a typical
flat and low-lying paddy-cultivated area. The main problem in this basin is the appropriate operation of drainage structures
during and after flood events in order to minimize the inundation damages for crop yield and to fulfill the irrigation requirement
in the irrigation period. This paper presents a mathematical model of a drainage system in Chiyoda basin for calculating the
flood inundation and optimizing the operation of gates in a main drainage canal. First, the algorithm of gate operation was
simulated and the drainage model was then evaluated by comparing the simulated water levels with those observed during an
actual rainfall event. The results show that the observed and simulated water levels are in good agreement, indicating that
the proposed model is applicable for drainage and inundation analyses in flat, low-lying paddy-cultivated areas. Second, the
optimization of gate operation was investigated by trial and error method using a stochastic rainfall time series with a return
period of 30 years and the tidal conditions of spring and neap tides in the Chikugo River. Comparing a total inundation time,
a total inundation area and maximum inundation depth in the paddy tanks at the upstream and the downstream ends, it was concluded
that the present operation based on the gate operators’ experience was almost the optimal one, and the sooner start of opening
operation and the later start of closing operation within the operationality of check gates were recommended to minimize the
inundation damage. The present operation could be able to minimize the total inundation time, the total inundation area and
the maximum inundation depths in paddy tanks and to meet fully both the drainage and the irrigation requirements. 相似文献
107.
Satoshi Kono Tassanee Ounvichit Atsushi Ishii Masayoshi Satoh 《Paddy and Water Environment》2012,10(1):75-81
In principle, participatory irrigation management (PIM) means the involvement of irrigation users in all aspects at all levels
of irrigation management. In practice, all over the world efforts are being made to realize the principles. However, in the
execution of PIM, role sharing between farmers and government is a serious problem, and thus a clear method and ideas are
needed to improve PIM. In particular, a broad discussion of role sharing is demanded. This article illustrates how the Japanese
way of role sharing in PIM is realized based on the case of the Toyogawa Irrigation Project. Organizationally, the project
is jointly managed by five entities, including both the public sector and the farmers’ organizations. These entities have
clearly divided their functional roles, with the ultimate decision power in all aspects of irrigation management given to
organized farmers. The power is realized either directly or through the land improvement districts’ representative system
depending on the levels of the irrigation system. The public entity provides coordination support to create a transparent
forum of discussion together with scientific information for farmers’ understanding and decision making. The participatory
institutional line-up of this project enables the upland areas that suffered periodically from water deficits. 相似文献
108.
109.
Thai Khanh Phong Katsunori Yoshino Kazuaki Hiramatsu Masayoshi Harada Tsuyoshi Inoue 《Paddy and Water Environment》2010,8(4):361-369
Concentrations of several pesticides were monitored in a paddy block and in the Kose river, which drains a paddy catchment
in Fukuoka prefecture, Japan. Detailed water management in the block was also monitored to evaluate its effect on the pesticide
contamination. The concentrations of applied pesticides in both block irrigation channel and drainage canal increased to tens
of μg/L shortly after their applications. The increase in pesticide concentrations was well correlated with the open of irrigation
and drainage gates in the pesticide-applied paddy plots only 1–3 days after pesticide application. High concentration of other
pesticides, mainly herbicides, was also observed in the inflow irrigation and drainage waters, confirming the popularity of
early irrigation and drainage after pesticide application in the area. The requirement of holding water after pesticide application
(as a best management practice) issued by the authority was thus not properly followed. In a larger scale of the paddy catchment,
the concentration of pesticides also increased significantly to several μg/L in the water of the Kose river shortly after
the start of the pesticide application period either in downstream or mid–upstream areas, confirming the effect of current
water management to the water quality. More extension and enforcement on water management should be done in order to control
pesticide pollution from rice cultivation in Japan. 相似文献
110.
Evaluation of the water-quality dynamics in a eutrophic agricultural pond by using a one-box ecosystem model considering several algal groups 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The Okubo pond is an agricultural pond located in the Itoshima area of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It was constructed for irrigating
a nearby cultivated area. A monitoring program from August 11 to November 26, 2008, suggested the risk of eutrophication in
the water body. The high total nitrogen concentration (1.34 mg/l), high total phosphorus concentration (0.06 mg/l) and extreme
oxygen depletion (2 mg/l on 5 November 2008) exceeded the Japanese standards for paddy irrigation water. Furthermore, luxuriant
algal blooming in October indicated a hypereutrophic status according to the OECD (1982) criteria. In this study, a one-box ecosystem model was developed to obtain an insight into the seasonal variations in the
algal concentrations and chemical components of the Okubo pond with the aims of protecting its aquatic ecosystem and maintaining
its water quality. The model was based on a completely mixed system and included 12 water-quality indices: green algae, blue-green
algae, diatoms and dinoflagellates, cryptophytes, zooplankton, particulate organic matter, dissolved organic matter, phosphate–phosphorus,
ammonia–nitrogen, nitrite–nitrogen, nitrate–nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen. The monitoring data were used to verify the model
simulation. Model evaluation suggested good agreement between the predicted and the observed data for the seasonal variations
in the algal, nutrient, and dissolved oxygen concentrations. To determine the sensitivity of the model parameters, a sensitivity
analysis was conducted leading to the conclusion that the optimal temperature, growth rate, and respiratory rate of the four
algal groups, especially the ideal temperature for blue-green and green algae are the most influential factors determining
the variability affecting the model inference. From the model simulation, the water temperature and nutrient concentration
were considered to be the key limiting factors controlling alternative algal blooms in this period. 相似文献