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Seline Bumbacher Johannes P. Schramel Martina Mosing 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):775-784
Objective
To evaluate three routinely used tidal volumes (VT; 10, 12 and 15 mL kg?1) for controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) in lung-healthy anaesthetized dogs by assessing alveolar ventilation (VTalv) and dead space (DS).Study design
Prospective, randomized clinical trial.Animals
A total of 36 client-owned dogs.Methods
Dogs were randomly allocated to a VT of 10 (G10), 12 (G12) or 15 (G15) mL kg?1. After induction CMV was started. End-tidal carbon dioxide tension was maintained at 4.7–5.3 kPa by changing the respiratory frequency (fR; 6 < fR < 30 breaths minute?1). After 29 minutes, cardiovascular and respiratory variables were recorded for 3 minutes using a multiparameter monitor, volumetric capnography (VCap) and a blood gas analyser. The ratios of VTalv to body weight (VTalv kg?1) and airway DS to VT (VDaw/VT), Bohr's DS (VDBohr), Enghoff's DS (VDBE) and the volume of expired carbon dioxide per breath (VTCO2,br) were calculated. Mean airway pressure (MawP), fR and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) were recorded. Data were analysed using one-way anova and Student–Newman–Keuls tests with a statistical significance set at p < 0.05.Results
No differences were observed for demographic data and cardiovascular variables between groups. A total of three dogs were excluded because of technical difficulties and one because of fR > 30. VTalv kg?1 (p = 0.001) increased and VDBohr (p = 0.002) decreased with greater VT. VTCO2,br (p = 0.017) increased and VDaw/VT (p = 0.006), VDBE (p = 0.008) and fR (p = 0.002) decreased between G10 and G15. PIP (p = 0.013) was significantly higher in G15 compared with that in G10 and G12. No changes were observed in MawP.Conclusions and clinical relevance
A VT of 15 mL kg?1 is most appropriate for CMV in lung-healthy dogs (as evaluated by respiratory mechanics and VCap) and does not impair cardiovascular variables. 相似文献144.
Giorgia della Rocca Juliana Tabarelli Brondani Flávia Augusta de Oliveira Martina Crociati Lakamy Sylla Agnes Elad Ngonput Alessandra Di Salvo Stelio Pacca Loureiro Luna 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1253-1261
Objective
The aim of this study was to validate the Italian version of the UNESP–Botucatu Unidimensional Composite Pain Scale (UCPS-IV) for assessing postoperative pain in cattle.Study design
Video analysis and psychometric testing.Animals
A total of 40 Nellore cattle, age 2–3 years, weighing 365 ± 51 kg.Methods
An English version of the scale was translated to Italian and back translated to English to ensure semantic equivalence. A total of four Italian observers and the researcher who developed the original scale (considered as the gold standard) analysed videos of 40 cattle previously subjected to orchiectomy (recorded for each cattle at four predetermined timepoints during the perioperative period) unaware of the videos’ timepoint. They assigned a pain score [ranging from no pain (0) to severe pain (10)] using the Italian version of the scale and verified the need for analgesic treatment for each animal. The obtained scores were subjected to psychometric validity, responsiveness and reliability tests.Results
The factor analysis of the scale resulted in a one-factor solution. Significant changes in pain scores in response to surgery and analgesics confirmed not only the content and construct validity, but also responsiveness. The agreement between the researcher who developed the original scale and the blinded observers and the correlation between the pain scores determined by the scale and those determined by three classical unidimensional pain scales confirmed criterion and concurrent validity. Internal consistency of the scale was excellent. Inter- and intrarater reliability ranged from moderate to good and from moderate to very good for all scale items, respectively, supporting reproducibility and stability. The cut-off point for rescue analgesia calculated by the receiver operating characteristic curve was > 3.Conclusions and clinical relevance
The results confirm that the UNESP–Botucatu UCPS-IV appears to be a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of postorchiectomy pain in the bovine species. The determination of a cut-off point for rescue analgesia is also helpful for guiding analgesic therapy. 相似文献145.
146.
Characterization of a Potential Nutraceutical Ingredient: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Seed Oil Unsaponifiable Fraction 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Augusta Caligiani Francesca Bonzanini Gerardo Palla Martina Cirlini Renato Bruni 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(3):277-283
The chemical fingerprinting of the unsaponifiable fraction of different Punica granatum seed oils was performed in order to evaluate their potential as a functional food ingredient. Qualitative and quantitative
determinations of tocopherol, aliphatic alcohol (including policosanol), squalene, phytosterols and triterpene contents were
performed by GC-MS. A high yield (3.1–4.2%) of unsaponifiable matter was obtained and consistent levels of squalene (up to
800 mg/kg) and policosanol (118–185 mg/kg) were noticed. β-sitosterol (up to 8069 mg/kg) and cycloartenol (5916–7766 mg/kg)
were predominant in phytosterol and triterpene fractions, while β- and δ-tocopherol were the most abundant vitamin E forms.
Some minor variations were noticed between samples. From the results obtained, it can be suggested that the seed oil of P. granatum can be considered an interesting alimentary source of substances of nutraceutical value involved in the modulation of cholesterol
metabolism. 相似文献
147.
Phosphoinositides are involved in a large number of processes in cells and it is very demanding to study individual protein-lipid interactions in vivo due to their rapid turnover and involvement in simultaneous events. Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) containing controlled amounts of phosphoinositides provide a defined model system where important specific recognition events involving phosphoinositides can be systematically investigated using surface sensitive analytical techniques. The authors have demonstrated the formation and characterized the assembly kinetics of SLBs incorporating phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP(2); 1, 5, and 10 wt?%) and phosphoinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (1 wt?%) using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. An increased fraction of phosphoinositides led to a higher barrier to liposome fusion, but full fluidity for the phosphatidylcholine lipids in the formed SLB. Significantly, the majority of phosphoinositides were shown to be immobile. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used for the first time to verify that the PIP(2) fraction of lipids in the SLB scales linearly with the amount mixed in from stock solutions. 相似文献
148.
Enzo Vettorato Annalisa Zonca Maurizio Isola Roberto Villa Martina Gallo Giuliano Ravasio Michela Beccaglia Clara Montesissa Petra Cagnardi 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(3):310-315
Tramadol is a synthetic opioid agonist used extensively in human and, to a lesser extent, veterinary medicine throughout the world. The clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous (IV) and extradural (ED) tramadol (2 mg/kg) and its o-desmethyl metabolite were studied in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO). Intra-operative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored and post-operative pain was assessed using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale. A rapid (<5 min) and effective production of o-desmethyl tramadol was recorded. The pharmacokinetic profile was similar for tramadol and its metabolite irrespective of the route of administration. ED tramadol provided sufficient intra- and post-operative analgesia without significant clinical side-effects, but the post-operative analgesia was comparable to that following IV administration and the ED route could therefore not be considered a practical alternative to the IV route. 相似文献
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150.