三肽囊素对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫器官细胞凋亡的影响

研究了三肽囊素对环磷酰胺诱导的鸡免疫抑制模型中免疫器官细胞凋亡的影响。将180只1日龄粤黄鸡随机分成环磷酰胺组、正常对照组、三肽囊素组以及三肽囊素 环磷酰胺组。利用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dTUP缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)，对不同组鸡的免疫器官细胞凋亡进行计数。结果发现，环磷酰胺组细胞凋亡数比对照组明显增多(P＜0．05)，而三肽囊素 环磷酰胺组细胞凋亡数显著少于环磷酰胺组(P＜O．05)；三肽囊素组的细胞凋亡数比环磷酰胺组少，且差异显著(P＜0．05)。由此可知，三肽囊素对环磷酰胺所诱导的细胞凋亡具有抑制作用。     

Quantification of transmission of livestock-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs

Antimicrobial resistance in pigs becomes a public health issue when resistant organisms transfer from pigs to humans. Pigs are a large reservoir for livestock-associated (LA-)MRSA and people in contact with pigs are at risk for infection with LA-MRSA. Transmission and persistence of LA-MRSA within a pig population contributes to the maintenance of this zoonotic reservoir. Current knowledge on colonization and transmission of LA-MRSA in pigs is limited and mainly based on observational field surveys. Two experiments were performed to colonize pigs and quantify transmission of LA-MRSA between pigs. In the first experiment, colonization of six-week old piglets failed after intranasal inoculation, confirming the complexity of MRSA-colonization. In the second experiment, naive pigs got colonized after exposure to orally inoculated pigs. Subsequently, these contact-infected pigs transmitted MRSA to a new group of naive pigs. The reproduction ratio, R(0), was estimated with a SIS-model to quantify transmission between the first and second contact pigs as this resembles more the natural transmission. Two scenarios were evaluated, with different assumptions regarding infection status of individual pigs. R(0) varied between 3.7 and 4.3 and was significantly above 1, indicating a high probability of persistence of LA-MRSA, even without antimicrobial use.     

Trichinella: differing effects of antigens from encapsulated and non-encapsulated species on in vitro nitric oxide production

Trichinellosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease affecting a wide variety of animals, including man. Non-encapsulated and encapsulated species diverge with respect to their developmental strategies. Little is known at the molecular level about parasite-derived mediators responsible for host muscle cell transformation occurring during trichinellosis. In this context, host-parasite relationships in Trichinella-infected animals could be related to different host-immune and cell mediators, e.g. nitric oxide (NO). Here, we investigate the stimulatory/inhibitory role of L1 antigens from four encapsulated (T. spiralis, T. britovi, T. nelsoni and T. nativa) and one non-encapsulated (T. pseudospiralis) Trichinella species on NO production from rat macrophages in vitro. Our results demonstrate that encapsulated and non-encapsulated Trichinella species differ in their capacity to stimulate the secretion of NO from host macrophages. Biological significance of these differences should be further assessed in the available experimental models.     

固始鸡、罗曼蛋雏鸡和艾维茵肉仔鸡生长、养分沉积、肉质特性的比较研究

通过研究固始鸡、罗曼蛋雏鸡和艾维茵肉仔鸡生长、养分沉积、肉质特性的差异,探讨品种与生长、代谢和肉质间的关系。选用1日龄雄性固始鸡、艾维茵肉仔鸡、罗曼蛋雏鸡各120只,按体重随机分为6个重复,每重复20只,在相同日粮条件下进行8周的生长试验,并进行屠宰试验和肉质测定。结果表明:(1)3种鸡在体重、日增重、采食量、饲料转化率间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),固始鸡低于罗曼蛋雏鸡,罗曼蛋雏鸡低于艾维茵肉仔鸡;(2)固始鸡和罗曼蛋雏鸡的代谢能和粗蛋白质沉积效率显著低于艾维茵肉仔鸡(P<0.05);(3)固始鸡和罗曼蛋雏鸡的肌肉滴水损失、肌纤维直径、羟脯氨酸含量显著低于艾维茵肉仔鸡(P<0.05),固始鸡胸肌和腿肌中超氧化物歧化酶活性则极显著高于蛋鸡(P<0.01),蛋鸡极显著高于肉鸡(P<0.01)。与快速生长的鸡品种相比,慢速生长的固始鸡具有较低的代谢能和粗蛋白质沉积效率,具有较低的肌肉滴水损失、羟脯氨酸含量及较细的肌纤维,并具有较高的肌肉抗氧化水平。     

球虫消杀剂（Oo-stat）的配方优化研究

为获得对鸡球虫卵囊有良好抑杀作用的球虫消杀剂最佳配方,将3种不同配方的球虫消杀剂配成1:20、1:30、1:40、1:50、1:60、1:80、1:100、1:150、1:200、1:300及1:400.分别对柔嫩艾美耳球虫未孢子化卵囊体外相互作用6h、12h和24h之后,培养观察其孢子化率.结果表明,配方一、配方二除1:300和1:400处理6h组及1:400处理12h组与对照组差异不显著外,其余各组均显著低于生理盐水对照组(P<0.05);1:20、1:30、1:40、1:50、1:60及1:80的球虫消杀剂溶液分别处理卵囊6h、12h和24h后孢子化率均低于5%;配方三1:20、1:30、1:40、1:50、1:60及1:80的球虫消杀剂溶液分别处理卵囊12h和24h后孢子化率均低于5%,但是当处理时间为6h时,其孢子化率较高.研究表明配方二具有优良的抑杀鸡球虫卵囊的作用.     

云南干热河谷旱坡地南洋樱植物篱水土保持效益研究

对云南元谋干热河谷旱坡地水土流失和土壤退化严重的地区,引进豆科速生树种南洋樱,以30 cm×40 cm株行距、品字形双行等高栽植快速形成植物围篱。结果表明,南洋樱植物篱在元谋干热河谷旱坡地生长良好,并且在种植3年间,治理区径流发生次数明显减少,年径流模数减少了29.13×104m3/km2,减少率76.90%;土壤年退化减少12 986.8 t/km2,减少率76.02%。研究区降水量与径流量间者的相关系数由建植篱前的显著相关变为不显著;有机质和钾流失减少量高达3 111.64 kg/hm2和3276.57 kg/hm2。南洋樱植物篱在控制旱坡地水土流失、减少土壤侵蚀和改善土壤养分等效益显著。     

饲粮添加短乳杆菌对生长猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)对生长猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择108头平均体重为(24.49±1.61)kg的(70±2)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交生长猪,按性别、体重和窝源基本一致原则随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复12头猪。3组猪分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.05%短乳杆菌(试验Ⅰ组)和基础饲粮+0.10%短乳杆菌(试验Ⅱ组),试验期30 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组的平均日采食量、料重比和试验Ⅱ组的平均日采食量均显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组的料重比极显著降低(P<0.01);2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组粪便中的乳酸菌数量显著提高(P<0.05),大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05);3)与对照组相比,试验组的血清白蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05),其中试验Ⅱ组达到极显著水平(P<0.01);球蛋白含量极显著升高(P<0.01);白球比极显著降低(P<0.01);结合珠蛋白含量极显著降低(P<0.01);干扰素γ含量显著升高(P<0.05)。结果提示,短乳杆菌能够显著改善生长猪肠道菌群环境,提高机体免疫力,改善生长性能。     

克氏原螯虾在安康地区三种养殖条件下生长情况的比较

为了引进和推广克氏原螯虾养殖技术,于2007年9月、10月分别从湖北购入亲虾和幼虾在安康水产试验示范站进行水泥池、稻田和土池塘三种条件下养殖;于2008年5月每周或半周测量一次体长体重,分别进行体长体重关系、个体出现率、个体相对增重率和体重体长比值的分析。结果表明：1.稻田克氏原螯虾体长体重的关系为：雌虾,y=0.0184x3.1984,R2=0.9506,雄虾,y=0.0113x3.4626,R2=0.9611,且雌虾生长匀速,雄虾生长异速,符合体重体长形态参数y=a＊Lb;2根据个体出现率可知,水泥池和稻田生长的群体主要集中7.71cm-9.71cm之间,土池塘生长的群体主要集中在8.21cm-10.71cm之间,土池塘生长速度相对较快;根据生长集中区间的个体相对增重率可知,5月份稻田个体增重率最高,为24.13%,土池塘最低;体重、体长比值随着体长的变化趋势表明,稻田虾呈线性变化,水泥池和土池塘虾变化呈“S”型,趋向线性变化。可以认为,克氏原螯虾可在安康地区正常生长,且本试验条件下5月份稻田中克氏原螯虾生长最快。