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Marion Leiberich Ralph Krebber Michael Hewetson Johan Marais Vinny Naidoo 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(3):346-354
South Africa currently loses over 1000 white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) each year to poaching incidents, and numbers of severely injured victims found alive have increased dramatically. However, little is known about the antimicrobial treatment of wounds in rhinoceros. This study explores the applicability of enrofloxacin for rhinoceros through the use of pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic modelling. The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin were evaluated in five white rhinoceros after intravenous (i.v.) and after successive i.v. and oral administration of 12.5 mg/kg enrofloxacin. After i.v. administration, the half‐life, area under the curve (AUCtot), clearance and the volume of distribution were 12.41 ± 2.62 hr, 64.5 ± 14.44 μg ml?1 hr?1, 0.19 ± 0.04 L h?1 kg?1, and 2.09 ± 0.48 L/kg, respectively. Ciprofloxacin reached 26.42 ± 0.05% of the enrofloxacin plasma concentration. After combined i.v. and oral enrofloxacin administration oral bioavailability was 33.30 ± 38.33%. After i.v. enrofloxacin administration, the efficacy marker AUC24: MIC exceeded the recommended ratio of 125 against bacteria with an MIC of 0.5 μg/mL. Subsequent intravenous and oral enrofloxacin administration resulted in a low Cmax: MIC ratio of 3.1. The results suggest that intravenous administration of injectable enrofloxacin could be a useful drug with bactericidal properties in rhinoceros. However, the maintenance of the drug plasma concentration at a bactericidal level through additional per os administration of 10% oral solution of enrofloxacin indicated for the use in chickens, turkeys and rabbits does not seem feasible. 相似文献
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Heather Fenton María J. Forzán Marion Desmarchelier Meghan Woodland Soraya Sayi Cornelia V. Gilroy 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2016,57(1):80-83
A 3-year-old female gerbil developed a non-healing skin wound due to a malignant neoplasm. Histology, immunohistochemistry (cytokeratin 19 positive; vimentin, estrogen, and progesterone receptor negative), and electron microscopy (no desmosomes or melanosomes) revealed an undifferentiated carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis. Unlike in previous reports, it did not arise from the abdominal pad’s sebaceous gland. 相似文献
166.
Adsorption onto solid phases is an important process in controlling the distribution of toxic tributyltin (TBT) compounds in aqueous systems. In the present study, the TBT adsorption onto two types of clay, kaolinite (KGa) and montmorillonite (SWy), as a function of salinity (0, 8, 16, 24, 32‰) was investigated using the conventional batch technique. Experiments were carried out under different pHs (4, 6 and 8). For the different clay types examined, the highest TBT adsorption was found at a salinity of 0‰ and pH 6. In general, the TBT adsorptiondecreased with increasing salinity due to the growing competition with metallic cations to the surface sites of the clay minerals. Only at pH 4, the TBT adsorption onto kaolinite did not show any effect by changing the salinity. This was attributed to the pHZPC of 4.9 determined for the kaolinite sample. The results clearly demonstrated the importanceof identifying and characterizing the sorbents and determining the environmental conditions, in order to predict TBT distribution in natural systems or to compare partitioning coefficients of TBT ontosediment phases from different locations. 相似文献
167.
Barbara?Stempfhuber Tim?Richter-Heitmann Lisa?Bienek Ingo?Sch?ning Marion?Schrumpf Michael?Friedrich Stefanie?Schulz Michael?SchloterEmail author 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2017,53(6):691-700
In this study, we investigated how co-occurrence patters of ammonia and nitrite oxidizers, which drive autotrophic nitrification, are influenced by tree species composition as well as soil pH in different forest soils. We expected that a decline of ammonia oxidizers in coniferous forests, as a result of excreted nitrification inhibitors and at acidic sites with low availability of ammonia, would reduce the abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). To detect shifts in co-occurrence patterns, the abundance of key players was measured at 50 forest plots with coniferous respectively deciduous vegetation and different soil pH levels in the region Schwäbische Alb (Germany). We found ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and Nitrospira-like NOB (NS) to be dominating in numbers over their counterparts across all forest types. AOA co-occurred mostly with NS, while bacterial ammonia oxidizers (AOB) were correlated with Nitrobacter-like NOB (NB). Co-occurrence patterns changed from tight significant relationships of all ammonia and nitrite oxidizers in deciduous forests to a significant relationship of AOB and NB in coniferous forests, where AOA abundance was reduced. Surprisingly, no co-occurrence structures between ammonia and nitrite oxidizers could be determined at acidic sites, although abundances were correlated to the respective nitrogen pools. This raises the question whether interactions with heterotrophic nitrifiers may occur, which needs to be addressed in future studies. 相似文献
168.
H. Huot M. O. Simonnot F. Watteau P. Marion J. Yvon P. De Donato J. L. Morel 《European Journal of Soil Science》2014,65(4):470-484
Large surface areas covered with man‐made materials are subject to pedogenetic evolution. However, pedogenetic processes in the resulting Technosols are seldom fully assessed. This work was conducted to identify and characterize the processes occurring on deposits of industrial technogenic materials. A former settling pond of the iron and steel industry where a forest has established since termination of the industrial activity approximately 50 years ago was chosen. A 2‐m deep pit was opened, and a series of layers of the soil profile were sampled. The macro‐ and micro‐structure were studied, and soil samples were analysed for structural, chemical and mineralogical assessment (chemical analyses, X‐ray diffraction, infrared and Mössbauer spectroscopies, scanning and transmission electron microscopies coupled with energy dispersion spectrometry). Results showed that the profile was composed of a succession of sub‐horizontal layers arranged in two groups according to their structure and composition, linked to the composition of the industrial effluent. Group 1 was composed of iron‐, carbonate‐ and aluminosilicate‐rich layers exhibiting a compact structure. Group 2 contained manganese‐rich layers with a friable structure. Pedogenetic processes of various intensities were detected at different depths. Besides an accumulation of organic matter at the surface, transformations of minerals were recorded all along the soil profile, with weathering, leaching and precipitation of new phases. Phenomena occurred primarily in specific zones, such as cracks and interfaces between two layers. In conclusion, the soil maintained characteristics of the original industrial material and displayed several stages of pedogenesis, which were controlled chronologically by climatic and biological factors. 相似文献
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François Lefèvre Thomas Boivin Aurore Bontemps François Courbet Hendrik Davi Marion Durand-Gillmann Bruno Fady Julie Gauzere Cindy Gidoin Marie-Joe Karam Hadrien Lalagüe Sylvie Oddou-Muratorio Christian Pichot 《Annals of Forest Science》2014,71(7):723-739