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161.
Mariko Yoshioka Katsuya Okajima Tomoko Miyazaki Nobuo Shiraishi 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(1):22-31
A plasticization method for cellulose acetates (CAs) has been developed that is based on the reaction with dibasic acid anhydrides and monoepoxides during the melting processing. As a continuation of the discussion in the previous report, additional evidence is presented for the role of grafting oligoesters onto cellulose acetates to prevent the bleeding of homo-oligoesters from the inside of molded articles to their surface. Based on these results, a method for enhancing the amount of grafting has been pursued by varying the combination of dibasic acid anhydrides and monoepoxides. The resulting reactive meltprocessing method allows preparation of biodegradable cellulosic plastics using practical process conditions. Higher biodegradability has been found for the oligoester-grafted CAs than for the unmodified parent CAs. 相似文献
162.
Shiori Yabe Takashi Hara Mariko Ueno Hiroyuki Enoki Tatsuro Kimura Satoru Nishimura Yasuo Yasui Ryo Ohsawa Hiroyoshi Iwata 《Breeding Science》2014,64(4):291-299
For genetic studies and genomics-assisted breeding, particularly of minor crops, a genotyping system that does not require a priori genomic information is preferable. Here, we demonstrated the potential of a novel array-based genotyping system for the rapid construction of high-density linkage map and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. By using the system, we successfully constructed an accurate, high-density linkage map for common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench); the map was composed of 756 loci and included 8,884 markers. The number of linkage groups converged to eight, which is the basic number of chromosomes in common buckwheat. The sizes of the linkage groups of the P1 and P2 maps were 773.8 and 800.4 cM, respectively. The average interval between adjacent loci was 2.13 cM. The linkage map constructed here will be useful for the analysis of other common buckwheat populations. We also performed QTL mapping for main stem length and detected four QTL. It took 37 days to process 178 samples from DNA extraction to genotyping, indicating the system enables genotyping of genome-wide markers for a few hundred buckwheat plants before the plants mature. The novel system will be useful for genomics-assisted breeding in minor crops without a priori genomic information. 相似文献
163.
Umeo Takahama Mariko Tanaka Sachiko Hirota 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(1):1-7
Buckwheat flour, which is used for various dishes in the world, is a good source of proanthocyanidins. Proanthocyanidins in
the buckwheat flour reduced nitrous acid producing nitric oxide (NO) when the flour was suspended in acidified saliva or in
acidic buffer solution in the presence of nitrite. The ingestion of dough prepared from buckwheat flour increased the concentration
of NO in the air expelled from the stomach, suggesting that the proanthocyanidins also reduced nitrite to NO in the stomach.
During the production of NO by the buckwheat flour/nitrous acid systems, oxidation, nitration, and nitrosation of proanthocyanidins
proceeded. The increase in the concentration of NO could improve the activity of stomach helping the digestion of ingested
foods and the nitration and nitrosation of the proanthocyanidins could contribute to the scavenging of reactive nitrogen oxide
species generated from NO and nitrous acid. 相似文献
164.
Weed competitiveness of the lowland rice varieties of NERICA in the southern Guinea Savanna 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jonne Rodenburg Kazuki Saito Romain Glele Kakaï Amadou Touré Mariame Mariko Paul Kiepe 《Field Crops Research》2009
Weed competition is a major constraint to lowland rice production in West Africa. Interspecific rice varieties named New Rice for Africa (NERICA) may have superior weed competitiveness and could as such play an important role in integrated weed management. The NERICA varieties were developed from the wide cross between high-yielding Oryza sativa (L.) and weed competitive and disease resilient Oryza glaberrima (Steud.). In this study weed competitiveness of all 60 lowland varieties of NERICA (NERICA-L) was compared with their most frequently used parents [IR64 (O. sativa) and TOG5681 (O. glaberrima)], the weed competitive variety Jaya (O. sativa) and the O. glaberrima upland NERICA parent CG14. During the 2006 and 2007 rainy seasons these varieties were grown under weed-free and weedy conditions in a lowland farmers’ field with partially controlled irrigation in south-east Benin. Weedy plots included single hand weeding at 28 days after sowing, whereas weed-free plots were weekly weeded. 相似文献
165.
Rapid immunocytochemistry for the detection of cytokeratin and vimentin: assessment of its diagnostic value in neoplastic diseases of dogs
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166.
Mariko Yoshioka Kazuhisa Sakaguchi Takashi Ohno Yoshiyuki Nishio Nobuo Shiraishi 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(5):335-343
Cellulose powders were pulverized by an ultra high-pressure counter-collision treatment in an aqueous suspension state, and
then used in composites with vinyl polymers and graft copolymerized with methyl methacrylate using ceric ion initiator. The
influence of freeze-drying methods after microfibrillation of cellulose was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The coalescence of microfibrillar structures was observed to increase easily reflecting the freeze-drying conditions. While
the degree of microfibrillation was unsatisfactory for use as fillers in preparing polymer-nanocellulose composites, the situation
was found to be rectified with the use of a proper kneading technique. The roles of microfibrillated cellulose in processes
producing bio-nano-composites suitable for practical uses were studied through SEM observations and measurements of physical
properties. The characteristics of the successive graft copolymerization were studied through examining the monomer conversion
and the grafting effi- ciency. The significant improvement in the grafting became apparent in response to the counter-collision
pretreatment. Dynamic viscoelastic properties of the molded sheets of the grafted products were studied to measure the effects
of the graft copolymerization compared with the corresponding physically blended material and neat poly(methyl methacrylate).
The grafting reaction resulted in composites with much higher heat-resisting properties than those obtained for the latter
two. 相似文献
167.
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dairy and beef cattle with reproductive disorders in Japan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Koiwai M Hamaoka T Haritani M Shimizu S Tsutsui T Eto M Yamane I 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,130(1-2):15-18
Serum samples from 145 dairy and 65 beef cattle with reproductive disorders and 54 normally calving dairy cattle (controls) in Japan were tested for presence of Neospora caninum antibodies by use of an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT, titer 1:200). Overall, seroprevalence of N. caninum was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in dairy cattle (20.0%, 29/145) than in beef cattle (1.5%, 1/65). In cattle which aborted, seroprevalence of N. caninum was significantly higher (P = 0.041) in dairy cattle (26.1%, 23/88, compared with controls (3.7%, 2/54)) than in beef cattle (5.0%, 1/20), indicating that neosporosis might be a more common problem in dairy cattle than in beef cattle in Japan. Seropositive cattle were 9.2 times more likely to abort compared to seronegative cows. Abortions associated with N. caninum seropositivity in this study were most frequently observed in the second trimester, and the mean gestational age of the fetuses aborted from seropositive dams was 5.7 months. In conclusions, N. caninum seems to be causing serious economic losses in the dairy industry in Japan. This is the first report on an objective comparison of seroprevalence of dairy and beef cattle with reproductive disorders in Asia. 相似文献
168.
Establishment of a chicken monoclonal antibody panel against mammalian prion protein 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nakamura N Shuyama A Hojyo S Shimokawa M Miyamoto K Kawashima T Aosasa M Horiuchi H Furusawa S Matsuda H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(7):807-814
A panel of chicken monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was developed against prion protein (PrP), the sequence of which is a highly conserved molecule among mammals. A portion of the splenocytes from chickens immunized with recombinant mouse PrP was fused with the chicken B cell line, MuH1. The remaining splenocytes were used to generate the recombinant mAbs by phage display. A total of 36 anti-PrP mAbs, 2 from cell fusion and 34 from phage display were established. The specificity of these mAbs was determined by Western blot and ELISA using various PrP antigens including recombinant PrPs, synthetic PrP peptides and PrPs from brains or scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cell line. These mAbs were classified into three main groups, protease K (PK)-sensitive (Group I), PK cleavage site proximal (Group II) and PK-resistant (Group III), based on their abilities to recognize PrP following PK-treatment. Some mAbs were found to selectively recognize different glycoforms of PrP as well as the metabolic fragments of PrP. Furthermore, we found that PrP recognition by chickens differed from that by PrP-knockout mouse. These results indicate that these newly generated PrP antibodies from chickens will help to research the PrP and to establish the diagnosis of prion disease. 相似文献
169.
Tamura M Nakagawa Y Shimizu H Yamada N Miyano T Miyazaki H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2004,50(1):47-55
A number of endocrine and paracrine factors regulate the follicular growth and atresia, which are closely associated with granulosa cell survival and apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the intracellular events induced by these factors are poorly understood. Here, we describe the correlation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities with granulosa cell survival and apoptosis, and the cellular functions of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in these cells based on our recent data. MAPKs play key roles in various cellular responses because numerous extracellular stimuli are integrated into MAPKs. The protein phospho-Tyr level regulated by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and PTPs is a major control mechanism for processes as diverse as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. Although PTKs are critically involved in granulosa cell survival and proliferation, there are no reports indicating the roles of PTPs in the ovary except for ours. Information about MAPKs and PTPs in these cells will provide a basis for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the fate of follicles. 相似文献
170.
Effects of activated charcoal and tannin added to compost and to soil on carbon dioxide,nitrous oxide and ammonia volatilization
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Greta Jordan Martina Predotova Mariko Ingold Sven Goenster Herbert Dietz Rainer Georg Joergensen Andreas Buerkert 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2015,178(2):218-228
Given high mineralization rates of soil organic matter addition of organic fertilizers such as compost and manure is a particularly important component of soil fertility management under irrigated subtropical conditions as in Oman. However, such applications are often accompanied by high leaching and volatilization losses of N. Two experiments were therefore conducted to quantify the effects of additions of activated charcoal and tannin either to compost in the field or directly to the soil. In the compost experiment, activated charcoal and tannins were added to compost made from goat manure and plant material at a rate of either 0.5 t activated charcoal ha?1, 0.8 t tannin extract ha?1, or 0.6 t activated charcoal and tannin ha?1 in a mixed application. Subsequently, emissions of CO2, N2O, and NH3 volatilization were determined for 69 d of composting. The results were verified in a 20‐d soil incubation experiment in which C and N emissions from a soil amended with goat manure (equivalent to 135 kg N ha?1) and additional amendments of either 3 t activated charcoal ha?1, or 2 t tannin extract ha?1, or the sum of both additives were determined. While activated charcoal failed to affect the measured parameters, both experiments showed that peaks of gaseous CO2 and N emission were reduced and/or occurred at different times when tannin was applied to compost and soil. Application of tannins to compost reduced cumulative gaseous C emissions by 40% and of N by 36% compared with the non‐amended compost. Tannins applied directly to the soil reduced emission of N2O by 17% and volatilization of NH3 by 51% compared to the control. However, emissions of all gases increased in compost amended with activated charcoal, and the organic C concentration of the activated charcoal amended soil increased significantly compared to the control. Based on these results, tannins appear to be a promising amendment to reduce gaseous emissions from composts, particularly under subtropical conditions. 相似文献