黔苦2号苦荞新品种春播高产综合农艺措施研究

运用二次回归正交旋转组合设计,在春播条件下研究黔苦2号苦荞籽粒产量与其播种量及N、P、K肥施用量间的关系。通过试验,建立了黔苦2号籽粒产量与主要农艺措施的数学模型,通过对模型的解析和模拟寻优分析。结果表明：黔苦2号籽粒产量高于2800kg/hm2的优化栽培技术方案：播种量67.14~74.93 kg/hm2,施N量28.88~40.12 kg/hm²,施P₂O₅量179.11~210.89 kg/hm²,施K₂O量43.94~61.06 kg/hm²;试验4因子对籽粒产量影响的程度大小为播种量>施K2O量>施P₂O₅量>施N量。     

利用重组自交系(RILs)群体进行质量数量性状的遗传分析遗传模型和小麦产量性状遗传

本文提出了利用RILs群体进行质量数量性状分析的4个遗传模型及统计分析方法.其中,模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ分别表示性状受1对主基因、2对独立的主基因、2对AABB×aabb型连锁的主基因、2对AAbb×aaBB型连锁的主基因与微效基因共同控制.可估算出主基因的加性效应(dma,dmb)、互作效应(im)、遗传方差(σ2m)和连锁图距(R),以及微效基因     

A SCAR marker linked to the N gene for resistance to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important nematode pests and cause serious diseases in pepper in the world. No molecular markers linked to the nematodes resistance N gene have been reported. In this paper, ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L.), a sweet pepper line resistant to root-knot nematode with N gene, ‘20080-5-29’ (C. annuum L.), an inbred line susceptible to root-knot nematode with good horticultural characteristics, and their F₂ progeny with 320 individuals were used as materials. Evaluation of resistance and susceptibility of parental lines, F₁ and F₂ progeny inoculated with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were carried out. ‘Bulked segregant analysis’ method was used to search for polymorphic markers from 512 pairs of AFLP primers. Based on the assessment of resistance and susceptibility and polymorphism of the AFLP marker in F₂ population, the genetic linkage distance between the AFLP marker and the N gene was estimated. One AFLP marker E39/M41-339 was obtained and transferred to a SCAR marker amplifying a 315 bp DNA fragment linked to the N resistant allele and a 331 bp fragment linked to the N⁺ susceptible allele. The distance between the molecular marker and the nematodes resistance N gene is 6.3 cM. This research delivered a valuable tool for the marker assisted selection of nematodes resistance in pepper.     

温室环境控制系统智能故障诊

分析了温室环境控制系统中执行机构、传感器、控制柜、控制软件的主要故障;根据故障可能对系统造成的损失将故障分为4个级别,并提出了相应的处理策略,编制了完整的智能故障诊断软件.试验结果表明,故障诊断识别正确,系统运行可靠.     

农业车辆视觉实际导航环境识别与分

分析了对路径识别影响较大的变光照环境、杂草环境和阴影环境对农业车辆导航路径的影响,提出一种实际环境中的农业车辆视觉导航研究方法,即先采用神经网络算法对农田环境进行自动分类,然后再相应的选择不同的路径识别方法进行处理.环境识别与分类试验结果证明,该方法能够提高农业车辆视觉导航系统的实用性和可靠性,导航环境的分类准确率为95%,单幅图像平均耗时23 ms.     

基于冠层温度的温室葡萄CWSI模型试验研究

探讨并建立了适合于镇江丘陵地区温室葡萄水分状况监测的作物水分胁迫指数(CWSI)模型.通过田间实验和观测,得到了适合温室葡萄的CWSI经验模型中的经验关系.初步的检验和分析表明,这一模型是合理的,可以用于温室内葡萄基于冠层温度信息的水分状况监测.     

负载敏感技术在甘蔗联合收割机上的应用

甘蔗联合收割机由于执行元件的复杂性及液压系统负载的多变性,在作业过程中造成了大量的液压能损失现象.为改善收割机的节能性,在对负载敏感系统的工作原理进行分析的基础上首次提出了将负载敏感技术应用于甘蔗联合收割机的节能观点,并为其负载敏感系统匹配了相关参数.基于AMESim平台的静、动态仿真结果表明,在系统压力达到调压阀设定压力之前,系统的流量仅取决于流量阀的开口而与负载无关,负载敏感阀将根据流量阀的开口自动调节变量泵的排量.在系统压力达到调压阀设定压力之后,系统压力仅取决于调压阀的设定值,而与负载无关,此时负载敏感阀将自动调节变量泵的排量使其恰好与负载的需要相适应,控制过程的压力损失小于1 MPa,从而大大减小了甘蔗联合收割机的液压能损失.     

添加动植物性油脂填饲对鸭肥肝性能的差异影响

在骡鸭与樱桃谷鸭的填肥料中添加4%玉米油或鸭油,研究添加动植物油脂填饲对鸭产肝性能的差异影响。结果表明:添加玉米油,与添加鸭油填饲相比,2个品种鸭获得较高的肝重与较低的料肝比,且骡鸭添加玉米油组的肥肝率显著高于鸭油组(高出30%);经填饲,骡鸭的肥肝重较樱桃谷鸭高,同时料肝比较低,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。意味着肥肝生产中,填饲时添加玉米油较添加鸭油更利于提高产肝性能;并且对骡鸭更有效。对于其根本原因,需进一步从分子水平上研究鸭肝的生脂酶基因、与甘油三酯分泌及脂肪分解相关酶基因的表达差异。     

基于ADAMS的农用汽车前悬架仿真试验研究

为解决农用运输车前悬架存在振动过大等问题,基于ADAMS软件对农用汽车前悬架进行模拟仿真试验,以指导农用运输车前悬架的优化设计,使其具备更好的动力学性能。优化结果：上横臂长度、上横臂在汽车横向平面的倾角为332.6mm、12.5°,下横臂长度、下横臂在汽车横向平面的倾角为516.5mm、6.5°,车轮接地点的侧向滑移量由初始的19.783mm下降为3.2911mm。     

Changes in endothelin-1 and atrial natriuretic factor and the effect of atrial natriuretic factor on the change of endothelin-1 in asthmatic guinea pigs

AIM: To investigate the possible role of endothelin(ET-1) in asthma pathogenesis and the effect of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on changes of ET-1. METHODS: Measuring the contents of endothelin-1(ET-1),atrial natriuretic factor(ANF),cGMP in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of guinea pigs. RESULTS: The contents of ET-1, ANF and cGMP in asthma group were higher than that of the control group; There was a significant negative correlation between ET-1 and ANF( r=-0.638,P <0.05) in plasma of the asthma group, and a significantly negative correlation between ET-1 and ANF( r=-0.921,P <0.01) in BALF of the asthma group. There was a significantly positive correlation between ANF and cGMP( r=0.848,P <0.01) in plasma of the asthma group,and a significantly positive correlation between ANF and cGMP ( r=0.831,P <0.01) in BALF of the asthma group. The levels ET-1 in the asthma+rat ANF(rANF) group were lower than those in the asthma group,and the levels of cGMP in the asthma+rat ANF(rANF) group were higher than those in the asthma group after ceasing to infuse rANF for guinea pigs for 30 minutes.CONCLUSION: ET-1 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.ANF might inhibit production of ET-1.