酸化梨园土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质之间的关系

通过野外调查和室内分析相结合,运用相关分析和通径分析等统计方法,研究酸化梨园不同土壤pH梯度下土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性的关系。结果表明：除蔗糖酶仅在5.0～5.5变化趋势最明显外,过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和脲酶活性在4个pH梯度4.0～4.5,4.5～5.0,5.0～5.5,5.5～6.0下分别表现出明显的层次差异。同时土壤水分和盐分也表现出明显的空间层次差异。土壤酶活性与土壤温度、水分、盐分、pH、各土壤有效养分间相关性较好。就通径分析表明,土壤pH对过氧化氢酶活性的影响最为显著,对蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶活性的直接效应在很大程度上被通过其他因素对3种酶的间接效应所抵消。pH、铵态氮、交换性钙、交换性镁,水分和盐分的直接作用和相互间的间接作用使其成为影响过氧化氢酶活性的主要因子;速效磷、有效锌、温度是蔗糖酶活性的主要影响因素;有机质、速效磷、有效锌,盐分是影响酸性磷酸酶活性的主要因素;有机质、水分、盐分是影响脲酶活性的主要因素。说明酸化梨园土壤酶活性受土壤pH、温度、水分、盐分和土壤养分等因素的影响,可作为评价梨园土壤肥力的指标。     

农村区域经济层次划分方法的研究

探讨了农村区域经济层次划分的方法,确立了有关指标体系,建立了方法模型,并进行了聚类分析和综合指标排序,最后就这种方法的应用进行了实证分析。     

Diagnosis and quantification of Theileria sergenti using TaqMan PCR

Theileria sergenti is the causative agent of persistent theileriosis in cattle. The ubiquitous infection of theileiriosis causes chronic anemia and fever in cattle, especially in exogenous cattle. In this study, we applied real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis and quantification of parasite using specific primers for 33 kDa gene fragment of T. sergenti. Comparison of TaqMan PCR with traditional microscopic method, Giemsa's staining, on blood collected from cattle revealed the specificity up to 0.00005% of parasitemia to traditional diagnosis. In addition, it was found that this method can estimate the relative status of infection among herds. The results of present study showed that this method is not only applicable to detect the chronic infection of Theileria, but also effective in evaluation on parasitemia status of cattle, thus it can be used in monitoring the health status in field.     

Estrogenic Effects of Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Belowground and Aerial Parts of Spartina anglica

Menopause, caused by decreases in estrogen production, results in symptoms such as facial flushing, vaginal atrophy, and osteoporosis. Although hormone replacement therapy is utilized to treat menopausal symptoms, it is associated with a risk of breast cancer development. We aimed to evaluate the estrogenic activities of Spartina anglica (SA) and its compounds and identify potential candidates for the treatment of estrogen reduction without the risk of breast cancer. We evaluated the estrogenic and anti-proliferative effects of extracts of SA and its compounds in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We performed an uterotrophic assay using an immature female rat model. Among extracts of SA, belowground part (SA-bg-E50) had potent estrogenic activity. In the immature female rat model, the administration of SA-bg-E50 increased uterine weight compared with that in the normal group. Among the compounds isolated from SA, 1,3-di-O-trans-feruloyl-(-)-quinic acid (1) had significant estrogenic activity and induced phosphorylation at serine residues of estrogen receptor (ER)α. All extracts and compounds from SA did not increase MCF-7 cell proliferation. Compound 1 is expected to act as an ERα ligand and have estrogenic effects, without side effects, such as breast cancer development.     

不同时间尺度下气象干旱向水文干旱传播过程

利用黔中地区1970—2016年逐月降水以及径流计算标准化降水指数（SPI）和标准化径流指数（SSI）,分别表征气象、水文干旱,采用游程理论等方法分析了该地区不同时间尺度的气象水文干旱动态变化特征,并以交叉关联函数以及干旱传播阈值等方法探求不同时间尺度上气象干旱向水文干旱传播时间。结果表明：（1）黔中地区气象水文干旱化态势以上升趋势为主,重度和极端干旱发生的频数增加,长时间尺度上,气象与水文干旱特征具有一定的同步性。（2）不同季节上干旱传播时间（PT）不同,春季PTs在1~5个月,夏季PTs在1~3个月,秋季PTs在1~4个月,冬季PTs为1~3个月。（3）在地形地貌影响下,不同时间尺度的PTs不同。3个月时间尺度下,阳长、高车和麦翁的PTs为1.36,2.00,1.58个月;6个月时间尺度下,PTs为2.75,2.55,3.00个月;12个月时间尺度下,PTs为3.33,2.56,7.17个月。     

Evaluation of soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in cucumber continuous cropping soil treated with spent mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) substrate

Journal of Soils and Sediments - This study aimed to assess the effects of spent Flammulina velutipes substrate (SFS) amendment on microbial properties of cucumber continuous cropping soil. A...     

Gametogenic cycle of the transplanted-cultured pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii (Bivalvia: Pteriidae) in Korea

The gonadal development and gametogenic cycle of transplanted-cultured pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, were investigated using individuals collected monthly from Tong-Young along the south coast of Korea from October 2000 to September 2001. The result of monthly change of condition index was similar to tissue weight rate. The highest value was observed in June and the lowest value was observed in November. The gonad of the pearl oyster was located around the digestive diverticula. The ripe testis was milky white while the ovary was light brown. The spawning period of the pearl oyster extended from April to August, with a peak between June and July. The gametogenic cycle could be classified into five successive stages: multiplicative stage (November to February), growing stage (January to March), mature stage (March and April), spawning stage (April to August) and resting stage (September to November).     

Effects of starvation on kidney melano-macrophage centre in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel)

We investigated the influence of nutritional conditions on histological changes in melano‐macrophage (MM) accumulation in the kidney caused by long‐term starvation. These data were used to determine nutritional indices for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel). Experimental groups were established: control, fed and starved. All fish were fed daily with commercial feed at 1–3% of their total body weight for 2 weeks before the start of the experiment (initial control). The control group received feed at 1–3% of their total body weight and the fed group received feed ad libitum, while the starved group fasted throughout the experiment. Ten fish were removed from the initial control at the start of the experiment and each of the three groups every 4 weeks during the 12 weeks of the experiment to examine to investigate kidney MM accumulation. Kidney MMs with dark brown pigment were randomly distributed in the kidneys of starved fish, increasing rapidly after week 4, while deposition levels remained low throughout the experiment in the control and fed groups. These results suggest that catabolic tissue breakdown is a major factor contributing to the formation of pigments within MMs. These results suggest that the degree of MMs deposition in the kidney can be used as alternative indicators to identify starvation in wild and cultured olive flounder.     

Effect of dietary inclusion of various sources of green tea on growth,body composition and blood chemistry of the juvenile olive flounder, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis>

This study was performed to determine the effect of the dietary inclusion of various sources of green tea on growth, body composition and blood chemistry of the olive flounder. Twenty-five juvenile fish were distributed into each of 15 180 l flow-through tanks. Five experimental diets with triplicates were prepared: control, raw leaves, dry leaves, by-product and extract. The 5% various sources (raw leaves, dry leaves and by-product) of green tea were included in the experimental diets at the expense of 5% wheat flour. The extract was diluted with water and mixed with the ingredients to maintain 5% green tea at the same concentration as in the other diets. Weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed the control diet and experimental diet containing extract were higher than those of fish fed the diets containing raw and dry leaves and by-product. Feed and protein efficiency ratio for fish fed the control diet and diet containing extract was higher than for fish fed the diets containing raw leaves and by-product. The level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of fish fed the control diet was higher than that of fish fed the other diets containing various sources of green tea. The glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GPT) concentration of fish fed the diets containing raw leaves and extract was lower than that of fish fed the control diet. Crude lipid content of liver in fish fed the control diet was higher than that in fish fed the diets containing raw and dry leaves and by-product but was not significantly different from that of fish fed the diet containing extract. Dietary inclusion of extract was the most effective way to improve growth and feed utilization of the olive flounder among the various sources of green tea, and all sources of green tea were effective in lowering serum LDL cholesterol and GPT of the fish.     

Effects of formalin on haematological and blood chemistry in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel)

Erythrocytes of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel), were treated with serial concentrations of formalin (37% formaldehyde) to investigate in vitro haemolysis and methaemoglobin formation. In addition, the short‐term toxicity of formalin concentrations of 0, 100, 212 and 300 ppm was also studied by clinical tests in which fish were subjected to 3‐h bath exposure. There was no haemolysis of fish erythrocytes exposed to formalin concentrations ranging from 31.3 to 2000 ppm. Methaemoglobin formation, however, was induced at concentrations greater than 500 ppm. Red blood cell count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and percentage of immature erythrocytes were also markedly elevated in all formalin‐exposed groups (P<0.05). Formalin exposure also caused significant increases in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, potassium, chloride, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus (P<0.05). However, total protein decreased significantly in the formalin‐exposed groups (P<0.05). No significant differences in white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, free cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, calcium, creatinine and total bilirubin were observed in the formalin‐exposed groups (P>0.05).