基于改进纯追踪模型的温室采摘运输自动跟随系统

基于Kinect体感感应技术,设计了一套温室果蔬采摘运输自动跟随平台。通过体感感应系统获取图片上像素点的深度信息,结合图像处理算法,逐行扫描确定人体图像并实时获取人体骨骼信息,计算了人体当前的三维坐标并记录人体走过的路径轨迹。系统采用自调整函数对路径进行优化,避免了剧烈转向行为,并对优化后的路径以模糊算法动态确定纯追踪模型的前视距离,从而实时调整转向和转角,实现了精准跟随和稳定跟随。试验结果表明,该跟随系统能在避免剧烈转向的前提下以较高的精度跟随,横向最大跟踪偏差不超过10.0 cm,最大深度偏差为5.5 cm,且系统性能不受光照条件影响,满足温室采摘运输要求。     

Loss of pendimethalin in runoff and leaching from turfgrass land under simulated rainfall

A field study was undertaken to investigate runoff and leaching loss of the herbicide pendimethalin in turfgrass land of loamy sand soil. A series of plots constructed in a golf course fairway were surface-applied with pendimethalin SC formulation at the rate of 2. 25 or 4.50 kg a.i./ha and subjected to simulated rainfall at 2.0 cm/day for 10 consecutive days. Runoff losses of pendimethalin were the highest at the first rainfall and then gradually decreased with time. The first runoff event contained pendimethalin in its highest concentration, and in subsequent runoff samples the concentration decreased exponentially. The ranges of pendimethalin concentration were 80.9-18.2 and 177.4-48.6 microgram/L in the standard and double doses, respectively. Total losses by 20 cm of rainfall for 10 days reached 0.81 and 1.22% of the initial deposits at 2.25 and 4.50 kg a. i./ha, respectively. Pendimethalin concentration in the leachate collected at 30-cm soil depth was quite lower than that in the runoff, and the concentration rapidly decreased from 4.3-4.7 to 0. 2-0.4 microgram/L during the 10 days of rainfall treatment. Soil residue analysis at 45 and 90 days after pendimethalin treatment showed that more than 90% of the residue remained at the top 10 cm of soil depth. Low runoff and leaching confirmed that lateral and downward movement of the herbicide should be limited in turf soil. The half-life of pendimethalin under field conditions was 23-30 days and was not affected by application dose and rainfall treatment, but longer persistence was observed under laboratory conditions. Considering low runoff and leaching, as well as relatively short persistence in soil, it is concluded that little environmental carryover of pendimethalin would be expected in turfgrass land.     

苏东坡笔下的“点茶三昧手”“南屏谦师”探究

关于苏东坡笔下的"点茶三昧手""南屏谦师",其佛事和茶事记载几乎为零。本文试图对一些现存史料与研究文章进行分析,列举出宋代杭州一带与"南屏"和"谦"字相关的四位法师的佛事与茶事履迹,通过分析神悟处谦法师、臻谦法师、南屏梵臻法师和"谦"师等四人种种迹象及其与苏东坡交往的关联度,认为臻谦法师的茶事痕迹与苏东坡关系最密,最符合和具备苏东坡所指的"南屏谦师"的条件,而臻谦法师则与南屏梵臻为同一人,也就是苏东坡笔下的"点茶三昧手"。     

Isolation and Characterization of a Yellow Xanthophyll Pigment-Producing Marine Bacterium,Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 Strain,in Coastal Seawater

Xanthophylls, a yellow pigment belonging to the carotenoid family, have attracted much attention for industrial applications due to their versatile nature. We report the isolation of a homo xanthophyll pigment-producing marine bacterium, identified as the Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain, from coastal seawater. The isolated Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain can produce 263 ± 12.9 mg/L (89.7 ± 5.4 mg/g dry cell weight) of yellow xanthophyll pigment from 5 g/L of glucose. Moreover, the xanthophyll pigment produced by the SDW2 strain exhibits remarkable antioxidative activities, confirmed by the DPPH (73.4 ± 1.4%) and ABTS (84.9 ± 0.7%) assays. These results suggest that the yellow xanthophyll pigment-producing Erythrobacter sp. SDW2 strain could be a promising industrial microorganism for producing marine-derived bioactive compounds with potential for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.     

离子束注入硅酸盐细菌诱变选育研究

硅酸盐细菌能分解铝硅酸盐类矿物中的钾、磷、硅等元素,直接供植物生长利用。采用低能N离子束注入技术对硅酸盐细菌进行诱变,然后经有氮培养基初筛、缺钾培养基复筛,获得解钾能力强的硅酸盐细菌S-05突变株,扫描电镜观察菌株的形态。进行盆栽试验,研究S-05菌株对水稻根际土壤速效钾含量的影响。结果发现,发酵液50倍稀释处理组速效钾含量最高,比原菌株处理组(CK1)和空白对照组(CK2)分别提高55.79%和260.84%。     

不同质地黑土净氮转化速率和温室气体排放规律研究

为探讨黑龙江省半干旱地区不同质地黑土的净氮转化速率和温室气体排放规律,以壤砂土和粉壤土为研究对象开展室内培养试验,对土壤净硝化速率和净矿化速率、N2O和CO2排放速率与累积排放量进行研究。结果表明:7d培养期间壤砂土的平均净矿化速率和CO2平均排放速率分别为0.49mgN kg-1 d-1和0.30mgCO2-C kg-1 h-1,显著低于粉壤土的平均净矿化速率(1.37 mgN kg-1 d-1)和CO2平均排放速率(0.47mgCO2-C kg-1 h-1)。壤砂土的平均净硝化速率和N2O平均排放速率分别为1.65mgN kg-1 d-1和212.6ngN2O-N kg-1 h-1,显著低于粉壤土的5.02mgN kg-1 d-1和521.3ngN2O-N kg-1 h-1。壤砂土和粉壤土的N2O排放比率分别为0.081%~0.301%和0.210%~0.254%。研究表明,土壤质地显著影响土壤净氮转化速率和温室气体排放,壤砂土较低的pH、有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量是导致其净硝化速率、净矿化速率以及N2O、CO2排放速率显著低于粉壤土的主要原因。     

玉米自交系耐荫性鉴定与评价

以41个玉米自交系为材料,采用大田试验方法,在植株形态建成期设置15%遮荫和不遮荫两种处理方式,研究不同处理下玉米自交系植株形态、物质生产、产量等11个指标以及各指标耐荫系数的变化,并对自交系的耐荫性进行评价。结果表明,遮荫不仅会增加玉米自交系的株高和穗位高,延缓生育进程,而且会降低植株叶面积指数及叶绿素含量,最终影响玉米物质积累及产量的提升。进一步对各指标的耐荫性进行数学统计分析,表明茎干物质、叶面积指数和产量的耐荫系数可作为评价玉米自交系耐荫性指标。筛选出M173、豫82、DH382、618B、P6874、昌7-2、8612A、M753、ZY608、豫1122、PH6WC和M109高度耐荫型玉米自交系;ZY602、ZY606、658、HT60、ZY601、C70、外引-2、四-144、KW7M14、NS501和PH4CV是弱光敏感型玉米自交系。     

Identifying and Characterizing a Novel Peritrophic Matrix Protein (MdPM-17) Associated With Antibacterial Response From the Housefly,Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Peritrophic matrix/membrane (PM) critically prevents the midgut of insects from external invasion by microbes. The proteins in the peritrophic membrane are its major structural components. Additionally, they determine the formation and function of this membrane. However, the role of PM proteins in immune regulation is unclear. Herein, we isolated a novel PM protein (MdPM-17) from Musca domestica larvae. Further, the function of MdPM-17 in regulating host innate immunity was identified. Results showed that the cDNA of MdPM-17 full is 635 bp in length. Moreover, it consists of a 477-bp open reading frame encoding 158 amino acid residues. These amino acid residues are composed of two Chitin-binding type-2 domain (ChtBD2) and 19 amino acids as a signal peptide. Moreover, tissue distribution analysis indicates that MdPM-17 was enriched expressed in midgut, and moderate levels in the fat body, foregut, and malpighian tubule. Notably, MdPM-17 recombinant protein showed high chitin-binding capacity, thus belongs to the Class III PM protein group. MdPM-17 protein silencing via RNA interference resulted in the expression of antimicrobial peptide (defensin, cecropins, and diptericin) genes, and this occurred after oral inoculation with exogenous microbes Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales:Enterobacteriaceae), Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales:Staphylococcaceae), and Candida albicans (Endomycetales:Saccharomycetaceae)). Therefore, all the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression levels are high in MdPM-17-depleted larvae during microbial infection compared to controls. Consequently, these findings indicate that MdPM-17 protein is associated with the antibacterial response from the housefly.     

论稳定脱贫与乡村振兴的有机衔接

新时代背景下的稳定脱贫和乡村振兴,具有目标的统一性和措施的互补性,实现二者有机衔接意义重大。本文基于贫困治理的历程与特征梳理,结合苏北地区的实地调研,分析稳定脱贫与乡村振兴有机衔接理论上的逻辑基础与实践上的认知偏差,探讨促进稳定脱贫与乡村振兴有机衔接的政策着力点。研究表明,改革开放以来,我国贫困治理依据瞄准对象经历了救济式扶贫、开发式扶贫、产业扶贫和精准扶贫四个阶段,显示出贫困治理方式从"输血式救济"到"造血式开发"转变、扶贫瞄准对象遵循"区域—县—村—户"的顺次由"面"及"点"演变、贫困治理目标由"解决温饱"到"两不愁,三保障"的"民生改善"转变三个特征。当前,稳定脱贫与乡村振兴相衔接应该遵循以乡村产业为接口,以乡土农民为主体,以乡村创业为手段的内在逻辑。苏北地区在脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有机结合做了大量的工作,并探索出一些积极做法。但是,稳定脱贫与乡村振兴有机衔接的实践仍然存在一些认知偏差,表现为以传统工业化思维发展乡村产业,忽视彰显乡村特色;以传统城市化思维实现农民市民化,忽视农民主体地位;以传统城乡二元思维解决农民就业问题,忽视农民创业能力。因此,需要以农业为基础衍生新业态,以农民为主体提升新能力,以创业为手段积蓄新动能,才能实现稳定脱贫与乡村振兴,推动农村经济持续发展。     

水稻叶片的活性氧代谢及衰老调控

介绍了水稻叶片中活性氧的代谢过程及目前延缓叶片衰老的调控手段。