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771.
Promotive effect of the hot water-soluble fraction from corn fiber on vegetative mycelial growth in edible mushrooms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yasue?Arai Makoto?Takao Reiichiro?Sakamoto Kentaro?Yoshikawa Takao?TerashitaEmail author 《Journal of Wood Science》2003,49(5):437-443
Corn fiber (CNF) is an abundant by-product of the wet corn milling process used to produce corn starch. In light of the need to recycle organic wastes, the effects of adding a hot water-soluble fraction (HWSF) from CNF to a medium on the vegetative mycelial growth of nine edible mushrooms such as Lentinula edodes and Pholiota nameko were investigated. The results showed that the mycelial growth of these fungi was markedly increased (1.4–9.5 times that of the control) by adding 5%–20% CNF-HWSF to the medium. These promotive effects were also apparent on mycorrhizal mushrooms, such as Tricholoma matsutake (3.3-fold) and Lyophyllium shimeji (3.7-fold). The promotive effects on mycelial growth were shown in the low-molecular-weight fractions (molecular weight <500 daltons) prepared from CNF-HWSF. The promotive actions were more effective on slow-growing mushrooms (L. edodes and P. nameko) than on rapidly growing mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes). The results obtained in this experiment suggest that CNF-HWSF can be used as a promotive substance for cultivating edible mushrooms.Part of this work was presented at the 4th meeting of the Japanese Society of Mushroom Science and Biotechnology, Hiroshima, 2000; and at the 2nd meeting of the Far East Asia for Collaboration on Edible Fungi Research, Tottori, 2002 相似文献
772.
Anura Pushpakumara Rathnayake Hirofumi Kadono Satoru Toyooka Makoto Miwa 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(6):393-402
This study presents the effects of short-term ozone exposure on the nano-scale growth behavior of the fine roots of Pinus densiflora (Japanese red pine) seedlings. Root elongation measurements were obtained in nanometers for very short (sub-second) time
intervals by using the optical interference method called statistical interferometry, developed by the authors. Three categories
of P. densiflora seedlings were investigated; two categories were infected with ectomycorrhiza of Pisolithus sp. (Ps) and Cenococcum geophilum (Cg), while the third was without any fungal infection. In experiments, two points on a root with a separation of 3 mm were illuminated
by laser beams and the elongation was measured continuously by analyzing speckle patterns successively taken by a CCD camera.
The ectomycorrhizal fungi-infected and uninfected seedlings were exposed to ozone at concentrations of 120 and 240 ppb for
periods of 1, 3, or 5 h in separate treatments. The root elongations of P. densiflora seedlings were measured before and immediately after the each ozone treatment and then the root elongation rates (RER) were
determined for growth-measurement periods of 5.5 s and 9.5 min. From the measurements obtained for 9.5 min, we found that
the RERs of uninfected and Cg-infected seedlings were reduced by 42 and 18%, respectively, after 5 h of exposure to 120 ppb ozone compared with that before
exposure, while the reduction in RER of Ps-infected seedlings was not significant. When the concentration of ozone was increased to 240 ppb, the RERs of Ps-infected and Cg-infected seedlings were reduced by 32 and 44%, respectively, after exposure for 5 h, while the reduction in RER of uninfected
seedlings was 59%. These observations prove that the non-mycorrhizal seedling roots are more sensitive to ozone stress. From
this study, we found that the RERs of both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal seedlings apparently fluctuated throughout the
measurements, even within a few minutes. 相似文献
773.
Yoshitaka Ono Zinaida M. Azbukina Makoto Kakishima Shigeru Kaneko 《Journal of Forest Research》1997,2(4):227-231
The larch brown rust caused byTriphragmiopsis laricinum was found onLarix cajandri in Primorsky Territory, Russia. This was a new host and locality record for the pathogen. Preliminary survey of the disease
incidence in several localities in East and Northeast Russia and Yakutia-Sakha Republic indicated the restricted distribution
of the rust in a few localities in Primorsky Territory. As previously reported in China,T. laricinum was proved to form uredinia in nature and to be able to propagate vegetatively by urediniospores. This suggests the fungus
could become a devastating pathogen threatening a large-scale larch plantation in Far East of Russia. Field observations and
the failure of basidiospore inoculation onto larch needles suggest the heteroecious life cycle ofT. laricinum. 相似文献
774.
Yagihara H Tamura K Isotani M Ono K Washizu T Bonkobara M 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,115(3-4):375-382
Because the T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) gene is rearranged at an early stage of T-cell development in both TCRalphabeta and TCRgammadelta lineages, it has been preferentially targeted to detect T-cell clonality in human lymphoma/leukemia. We isolated 22 independent cDNA clones encoding canine TCRgamma and the following analysis of nucleotide sequences using the dog genome database revealed that the canine TCRgamma locus contains at least four repertories of variable genes that can be organized into two distinct subgroups and six repertories of joining genes belonging to two distinct subgroups according to the nucleotide sequence similarity. The findings allowed us to design PCR primers that were directed to the conserved or specific nucleotide sequences for each subgroup of variable and joining genes. By using four different combinations of primers, a PCR-based analysis was performed on cell samples collected from T-cell lymphoma/leukemia and B-cell lymphoma cases and hyperplastic and normal lymph nodes. All cell samples from 11 T-cell malignancy cases exhibited clonal amplification by two out of four primer combinations. This finding was considered to be valuable in PCR-based analysis for detecting T-cell clonality in canine lymphoma/leukemia. 相似文献
775.
Makoto Sato Setsuko Todoriki Tetsuyuki Takahashi Ezar Hafez Chie Takasu Hisanori Uehara Kohji Yamakage Takashi Kondo Kozo Matsumoto Masakazu Furuta Keisuke Izumi 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2015,28(2):99-107
A 90-day oral toxicity test in rats was performed to evaluate the toxicity of
2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-tDCB), a unique radiolytic product of stearic acid.
Six-week-old male and female F344 rats (n=15/group) were given 2-tDCB at concentrations of
0, 12, 60 and 300 ppm in a powder diet for 13 weeks. Slight dose-dependent increases in
serum total protein and albumin in male rats were found, but these changes were not
considered to be a toxic effect. The fasting, but not non-fasting, blood glucose levels of
the male rats in the 300 ppm group and female rats in the 60 and 300 ppm groups were lower
than those of the controls. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed
dose-dependent accumulation of 2-tDCB in adipose tissue, notably in males. Next, we
performed an azoxymethane (AOM)-induced two-stage carcinogenesis study. After injection of
6-week-old male F344 rats (n=30/group) once a week for 3 weeks, the animals received
2-tDCB at concentrations of 0, 10, 50 and 250 ppm in a powder diet for 25 weeks. The
incidences of colon tumors for the 2-tDCB dosages were 34%, 45%, 40% and 37%,
respectively, and were not statistically significant. These data suggest that 2-tDCB shows
no toxic or tumor-modifying effects under the present conditions, and that the
no-observed-adverse-effect level for 2-tDCB is 300 ppm in both sexes, equivalent to 15.5
mg/kg b.w./day in males and 16.5 mg/kg b.w./day in females. 相似文献
776.
777.
Saya SHIMADA Makoto NAGAI Hiromitsu MORIYAMA Toshiyuki FUKUHARA Satoshi KOYAMA Tsutomu OMATSU Tetsuya FURUYA Junsuke SHIRAI Tetsuya MIZUTANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1163-1166
Metagenomic approach using next-generation DNA sequencing has facilitated the detection
of many pathogenic viruses from fecal samples. However, in many cases, majority of the
detected sequences originate from the host genome and bacterial flora in the gut. Here, to
improve efficiency of the detection of double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses from samples, we
evaluated the applicability of S1 nuclease on deep sequencing. Treating total RNA with S1
nuclease resulted in 1.5–28.4- and 10.1–208.9-fold increases in sequence reads of group A
rotavirus in fecal and viral culture samples, respectively. Moreover, increasing coverage
of mapping to reference sequences allowed for sufficient genotyping using analytical
software. These results suggest that library construction using S1 nuclease is useful for
deep sequencing in the detection of dsRNA viruses. 相似文献
778.
779.
Asano M Tsubota T Komatsu T Katayama A Okano T Nakamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(4):433-435
The effect of anesthetizing with a 1:1 combination of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride (TZ) was evaluated in 75 Japanese black bears. TZ was administered to 43 captive and 11 wild, 8 captives and 13 hibernating captive bears at the doses of approximately 9.0 mg/kg (usual dosage), 18.0 mg/kg (high dosage) and 5.0 mg/kg (low dosage), respectively. Sufficient anesthetic effects were achieved in all bears, and rectal temperatures, heart rates and respiratory rates did not change significantly during an hour handling. Complete blood cell examinations showed no abnormal data. A combination of TZ would be an efficient and safe drug for chemical immobilization of Japanese black bears. 相似文献
780.
Asakawa M Ludders JW Badgley BL Erb HN Gleed RD Posner LP 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2007,34(1):9-14
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of adenosine infusion on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized crossover study. ANIMALS: Seven adult male and female Beagles weighing 10.9 (7.5, 13.6) kg [median (minimum, maximum)]. METHODS: Each dog was anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and randomly assigned to receive either an intravenous (IV) adenosine (0.3 mg kg(-1) minute(-1)) or saline (6 mL kg(-1) hour(-1) IV) infusion. After an interval of 7 days or more, each dog was re-anesthetized and treated with the alternative infusion. Using a tail-clamp technique, MAC was determined before (pre-infusion), during (infusion), and 2 hours after the infusions (post-infusion). RESULTS: The pre-infusion MAC of isoflurane was 1.25 (1.15, 1.35) [median (minimum, maximum)] vol.% for the saline treatment group and 1.25 (1.05, 1.45) vol.% for the adenosine treatment group, and did not differ significantly between the two treatments. The infusion MAC values were not significantly different (p = 0.16) and were 1.25 (0.95, 1.35) vol.% and 1.05 (1.00, 1.25) vol.%, respectively. The post-infusion MAC values differed significantly (p = 0.016); MAC was 1.15 (1.15, 1.35) vol.% and 1.05 (1.05, 1.25) vol.% for the saline and adenosine treatment groups, respectively. During infusion, mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly (p = 0.008) during adenosine treatment compared with the saline 66 mmHg (52, 72) and 91 mmHg (68, 110), respectively. End-tidal CO2 (Pe'CO2), urine production, hematocrit, and plasma total solids did not differ significantly between the two treatments at any time (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although the MAC of isoflurane in dogs was not decreased significantly during infusion with adenosine (0.3 mg kg(-1) minute(-1)), it was significantly decreased post-infusion, but only by 0.1 vol.%, an amount not considered clinically important. Adenosine infusion decreased mean arterial pressure by 27% and did not adversely affect renal function. 相似文献