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971.
Berit L Fischer DVM Diplomate ACVA John W Ludders DVM Diplomate ACVA Makoto Asakawa BVSc Lisa A Fortier DVM PhD Diplomate ACVS Susan L Fubini DVM Diplomate ACVS Alan J Nixon DVM PhD Diplomate ACVS Rolfe M Radcliffe DVM Diplomate ACVS & Hollis N Erb† DVM MS PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(1):67-76
ObjectiveTo compare the analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine plus detomidine with that of morphine plus detomidine when administered epidurally in horses undergoing bilateral stifle arthroscopy.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded clinical trial.AnimalsTwelve healthy adult horses participating in an orthopedic research study. Group M (n = 6) received morphine (0.2 mg kg?1) and detomidine (0.15 mg kg?1) epidurally; group B (n = 6) received buprenorphine (0.005 mg kg?1) and detomidine (0.15 mg kg?1) epidurally.MethodsHorses received one of two epidural treatments following induction of general anesthesia for bilateral stifle arthroscopy. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), end-tidal CO2 (Pe’CO2), and end-tidal isoflurane concentrations (E’Iso%) were recorded every 15 minutes following epidural administration. Post-operative assessment was performed at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after standing; variables recorded included HR, respiratory rate (fR), abdominal borborygmi, defecation, and the presence of undesirable side effects. At the same times post-operatively, each horse was videotaped at a walk and subsequently assigned a lameness score (0-4) by three ACVS diplomates blinded to treatment and who followed previously published guidelines. Nonparametric data were analyzed using Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test. Inter- and intra-rater agreement were determined using weighted kappa coefficients. Statistical significance was set at p = 0.05.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between groups with respect to intra-operative HR, MAP, E’Iso%, or post-operative HR, gastrointestinal function and cumulative median lameness scores. Post-operative fR in group B [24 (12-30), median (range)] breaths per minute was significantly higher than in group M [18 (15-20)] breaths per minute, p = 0.04.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn horses undergoing bilateral stifle arthroscopy, these doses of buprenorphine plus detomidine injected epidurally produced analgesia similar in intensity and duration to that of morphine plus detomidine injected epidurally. 相似文献
972.
Fumika Nanto-Hara Haruhiko Ohtsu Makoto Yamazaki Tatsuya Hirakawa Kan Sato Hitoshi Murakami 《The Journal of Poultry Science》2021,58(3):154
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary brown rice on the growth performance, systemic oxidative status, and splenic inflammatory responses of broiler chickens under both thermo-neutral and chronic heat stress conditions. Forty 12-day-old male broiler chickens (ROSS 308) were randomly assigned to two groups and fed either a control diet (corn-based) or a brown rice-based diet. After seven days (19 days old), both groups were randomly divided into two sub-groups (n=10), one of which was exposed to heat stress (33°C for 14 days), while the other was maintained at 24°C. Heat exposure reduced the body weight gain and feed intake (p<0.01) of both groups. In terms of oxidative plasma states, heat exposure reduced the glutathione peroxidase activity and increased the ceruloplasmin content, while the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and reduced glutathione levels were not affected adversely. Heat exposure activated the immune responses, as evidenced by increased plasma immunoglobin levels, and altered splenic immune-related gene expressions including heat shock proteins, toll-like receptor 4, and interleukin-12. Under both thermo-neutral and heat stress conditions, dietary brown rice improved the growth performance, decreased the immunoglobulin levels, and down-regulated the expression of splenic immune-related genes of broilers, although their systemic oxidative status was not affected. Dietary brown rice should be considered as a valuable component of broiler chicken feeds subjected to both thermo-neutral and heat stress conditions. The positive effects of brown rice on bird performance may be associated with the modulation of the immune responses, as reflected by the decreased production of immunoglobulins and altered splenic immune-related gene expression. 相似文献
973.
ABSTRACT: Feeding activity was examined at high temperatures by using a demand feeder for thermally selected and normal rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss strains. When the water temperature was raised in experiment 1 from 17.5 to 25.7°C at 0.3°C/day in 21 days, the average daily food consumption rate in the thermally selected strain rose to 7.1%, which was significantly higher than that of the normal strain (4.1%, P < 0.05). The corresponding rate was also significantly higher in the thermally selected (0.8%) than in the normal strain (0.2%, P < 0.05) of fish in experiment 2 where water temperature was raised to 24.1°C in 0.5°C/day increments. When water temperature was raised rapidly in experiment 3 from 16.7 to 21.7°C in one day and gradually to 24.4°C in 28 days at 0.1°C/day, the average daily food consumption rates were 1.0 and 0.1% for the thermally selected and normal strains, respectively, with significant difference ( P < 0.01). These results suggest that the thermally selected strain has acquired thermal tolerance as a result of artificial selection. 相似文献
974.
Kakinuma Makoto Ikeda Masaki Coury Daniel A. Tominaga Hiroshi Kobayashi Issei Amano Hideomi 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(4):1015-1028
We isolated two different genomic DNAs (UprbcS1 and UprbcS2) encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and portions of the 5′- and 3′-flanking regions
from sterile Ulva pertusa Kjellman. The UprbcS1 and UprbcS2 genes had three introns in the coding region. Each predicted UprbcS polypeptide was a 180-amino-acid (AA) residue including
a 38-AA transit peptide, although the 104th AA residue was replaced. The nucleotide sequences of UprbcS cDNAs isolated from a cDNA library corresponded to that of the UprbcS1 gene, suggesting that the UprbcS1 gene was predominantly expressed in sterile U. pertusa compared to UprbcS2. Southern blot analysis showed that each UprbcS gene was a single-copy gene in the sterile U. pertusa genome. Northern hybridization indicated that the expression of UprbcS was induced and repressed by dark and light treatments, respectively. When sterile U. pertusa cells were transformed with an expression vector containing the UprbcS1 promoter and terminator sequences fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, GFP fluorescence was observed in the cells transformed. These results suggest that the UprbcS1 gene promoter is light regulated and highly active in the sterile U. pertusa cells and is available for genetic transformation system in the alga. 相似文献
975.
Naoyuki Matsunaga Shin-ichi Chisada Hideyuki Fujioka Kana Takashima Nozomu Okino Makoto Ito 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(4):583-590
Vibrios are highly motile, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and part of the normal
intestinal microflora of healthy fish, but some species can cause vibriosis. The adherence of vibrios to host fish intestines
is a significant event not only for their survival and growth, but also in terms of pathogenicity. However, the molecular
mechanism underlying the adhesion of vibrios to the intestinal tract of fish is not fully understood. We report here the identification
of intestinal glycosphingolipid (GSL) receptors to which pathogenic vibrios attach in typical mariculture fish. Thin-layer
chromatography overlay assays using five species of 35S-labeled vibrios and intestinal glycosphingolipids of seven species of mariculture fish revealed that all of the fish tested
possessed GM3 (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer) and/or GM4 (NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-1′Cer) as major acidic intestinal GSLs and that all
of the vibrios tested specifically adhered to GM3 and/or GM4. Our results demonstrate that these GSLs were able to function
as a receptor for the various vibrios tested. Analysis of the relationship between sugar structure and receptor activity for
vibrios revealed that ‘NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-’ is required at the non-reducing end of glycosphingolipids for the bacteria to attach. 相似文献
976.
Shinichiro Ogawa Ayane Konta Makoto Kimata Kazuo Ishii Yoshinobu Uemoto Masahiro Satoh 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(9):1111-1119
We estimated genetic parameters for number born alive (NBA) from the first to the seventh parities in Landrace and Large White pigs using three models. Analyzing 55,160 farrowing records for 12,677 Landrace dams and 43,839 for 10,405 Large White dams, we used a single‐trait animal model to estimate the heritability of NBA at each parity and a two‐trait animal model and a single‐trait random regression model to estimate the genetic correlations between parities. Heritability estimates of NBA at each parity ranged from 0.08 to 0.13 for Landrace and from 0.05 to 0.16 for Large White. Estimated genetic correlations between parities in all cases were positive. Genetic correlations between the first and second parities were slightly lower than those between other neighboring parities. Genetic correlations between more distant parities tended to be lower, in some cases <0.8. The results indicate the necessity to investigate the applicability of evaluating NBA at different parities as different traits (e.g., the first and later parities), although a repeatability model might still be reasonable. 相似文献
977.
Takanori NISHIMURA Suhong FANG Toshiaki ITO Jun‐ichi WAKAMATSU Koui TAKAHASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(6):716-721
We studied structural changes in the endomysium and perimysium during postmortem aging of pork using the cell‐maceration/scanning electron microscope method. Immediately post mortem, endomysia sheaths that house individual muscle fibers displayed a honeycomb‐like structure. The sheaths of the endomysium consisted of tightly arranged collagen fibrils in a random network. The perimysium comprised several layers of wavy sheets made up of tightly bundled collagen fibers. While the structure of the intramuscular connective tissues remained almost unchanged up to five days post mortem, the endomysium had resolved into individual collagen fibrils, and the thick sheets of the perimysium had separated into collagen fibers and fibrils at 8 days post mortem. These results provide direct evidence for structural weakening of the endomysium and perimysium during postmortem aging of pork. The shear‐force value of raw pork decreased rapidly within six days post mortem and then decreased slowly until 14 days post mortem. Since the rapid increase in tenderness is mainly due to structural weakening of myofibrils, we conclude that the disintegration of the endomysium and perimysium contributes to tenderization of pork during extended postmortem aging. 相似文献
978.
Michika ISHIHARA Yuka YAMAZAKI Ken KATSUDA Hiroya ITO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(5):624
The species of the genus Actinobacillus have so far been associated with specific animal hosts, and A. suis sensu stricto, an opportunistic pathogen of swine, is rarely isolated from ruminants. We describe here the isolation of A. suis sensu stricto from a newborn calf that died on a dairy farm in Japan. Identification of the isolate was performed by phenotypic and genotypic characterization, with the latter consisting of nucleotide sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene plus three housekeeping genes, rpoB, infB and recN. 相似文献
979.
Go KAWAHARA Yuta TAKAYAMA Makoto SUGIYAMA Hiromi IKADAI Osamu HASHIMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(10):1410
Here, we report details of a new infectious disease in wild-caught Japanese fire-bellied newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster), a Near Threatened species. Skin lesions consisting of numerous masses were found in the animals near Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. The gross appearance of the skin lesions showed blister-, cyst-, and/or tumor-like morphology. Various sizes of skin lesions were observed on their entire body surface. Histologically, spherical basophilic cysts, including numerous spores, were observed in the dermis layer. Ultrastructural analysis indicated the presence of main bodies of flagellated zoospores within the spores. While 18s rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the skin lesions were due to dermocystid infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dermocystid infection in this amphibian in Japan. Further studies are needed to prevent epidemics and to establish diagnostic and treatment methods. 相似文献
980.
Tatsuki TAKAHASHI Maho INUKAI Fumiki IZUMI Yuji FUJII Shoko NISHIYAMA Tatsunori MASATANI Makoto SUGIYAMA Naoto ITO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(11):1508
The rabies virus strain Komatsugawa isolated from a dog in Tokyo in the 1940s retains biological properties as a field strain, providing an effective model for studying rabies pathogenesis. To facilitate molecular studies on the pathogenesis, this study aimed to establish a reverse genetics system for the Komatsugawa strain. By transfecting the full-length genome plasmid of this strain, infectious virus with artificially introduced genetic markers in its genome was rescued. The recombinant strain had biological properties similar to those of the original strain. These findings indicate that a reverse genetics system for the Komatsugawa strain has successfully been established. 相似文献