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排序方式: 共有206条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
Maia Tsikolia Ulrich R. Bernier Monique R. Coy Katelyn C. Chalaire James J. Becnel Natasha M. Agramonte Nurhayat Tabanca David E. Wedge Gary G. Clark Kenneth J. Linthicum Daniel R. Swale Jeffrey R. Bloomquist 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2013
Twenty trifluoromethylphenyl amides were synthesized and evaluated as fungicides and as mosquito toxicants and repellents. Against Aedes aegypti larvae, N-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzamide (1e) was the most toxic compound (24 h LC50 1940 nM), while against adults N-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (1c) was most active (24 h LD50 19.182 nM, 0.5 μL/insect). However, the 24 h LC50 and LD50 values of fipronil against Ae. aegypti larvae and adults were significantly lower: 13.55 nM and 0.787 × 10−4 nM, respectively. Compound 1c was also active against Drosophila melanogaster adults with 24 h LC50 values of 5.6 and 4.9 μg/cm2 for the Oregon-R and 1675 strains, respectively. Fipronil had LC50 values of 0.004 and 0.017 μg/cm2 against the two strains of D. melanogaster, respectively. In repellency bioassays against female Ae. aegypti, 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide (4c) had the highest repellent potency with a minimum effective dosage (MED) of 0.039 μmol/cm2 compared to DEET (MED of 0.091 μmol/cm2). Compound N-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hexanamide (4a) had an MED of 0.091 μmol/cm2 which was comparable to DEET. Compound 4c was the most potent fungicide against Phomopsis obscurans. Several trends were discerned between the structural configuration of these molecules and the effect of structural changes on toxicity and repellency. Para- or meta- trifluoromethylphenyl amides with an aromatic ring attached to the carbonyl carbon showed higher toxicity against Ae. aegypti larvae, than ortho- trifluoromethylphenyl amides. Ortho- trifluoromethylphenyl amides with trifluoromethyl or alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon produced higher repellent activity against female Ae. aegypti and Anopheles albimanus than meta- or para- trifluoromethylphenyl amides. The presence of 2,6-dichloro- substitution on the phenyl ring of the amide had an influence on larvicidal and repellent activity of para- trifluoromethylphenyl amides. 相似文献
83.
Lopes JE Maia EL Paula NR Teixeira DI Villarroel AB Rondina D Freitas VJ 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(7-8):555-561
In order to evaluate embryo production in Morada Nova (white variety) ewes superovulated with porcine follicle-stimulating
hormone, 20 cycling ewes were used as embryo donors and allocated into two groups according to age: group 1 (ewes aged 1–2
years; n = 9) or group 2 (ewes aged 3–4 years; n = 11). Embryo recovery was performed by laparotomy 5–6 days after oestrus. The evaluation of embryos was made under stereomicroscope
according to International Embryo Transfer Society rules. The overall recovery rate was 64.6% (5.0 ± 0.7 structures per ewe)
and 86.3% of the recovered structures were fertilized. Group 1 was superior (p < 0.05) to group 2 according to recovered (6.6 ± 0.9 vs 3.6 ± 0.8) and fertilized structures (5.6 ± 1.1 vs. 3.5 ± 0.7)
per ewe. In conclusion, the ovarian response and the embryo production in Morada Nova (white variety) sheep subjected to a
standard superovulation treatment were considered satisfactory. In addition, the use of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer
in younger ewes (≤ 2 years old) of this sheep breed appears to be an efficient tool to accelerate the preservation of the
Morada Nova (white variety) breed, since younger ewes are as responsive as older ones. 相似文献
84.
da Silva JK Sousa PJ Andrade EH Maia JG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(23):9422-9426
The leaves and fine stems, bark, and trunk wood oils of Aniba canelilla showed yields ranging from 0.2 to 1.3%. The main volatile constituent identified in the oils was 1-nitro -2-phenylethane (70.2-92.1%), as expected. The mean of DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC 50) of the oils (198.17 +/- 1.95 microg mL(-1)) was low in comparison with that of wood methanol extracts (4.41 +/- 0.12 microg mL(-1)), the value of which was equivalent to that of Trolox (4.67 +/- 0.35 microg mL(-1)), used as antioxidant standard. The mean amount of total phenolics (TP) (710.53 +/- 23.16 mg of GAE/g) and this value calculated as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (899.50 +/- 6.50 mg of TE/g) of the wood methanol extracts confirmed the high antioxidant activity of the species. On the other hand, in the brine shrimp bioassay the values of lethal concentration (LC50) for the oils (21.61 +/- 1.21 microg mL(-1)) and 1-nitro-2-phenylethane (20.37 +/- 0.99 microg mL(-1)) were lower than that of the wood methanol extracts (91.38 +/- 7.20 microg mL(-1)), showing significant biological activities. 相似文献
85.
Clara Medeira Virgínia Quartin Isabel Maia Inês Diniz Ma Céu Matos José Nobre Semedo Paula Scotti-Campos José C. Ramalho Isabel P. Pais Paula Ramos Elvira Melo António E. Leit?o Alfredo Cravador 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(1):145-159
The decline of cork oak (Quercus suber) stands in Iberian Peninsula is associated with infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Most Phytophthora species secrete elicitins, which can enhance defence reactions against some pathogens. Here cytological and physiological effects of the elicitins cryptogein and capsicein on cork oak root infection by P. cinnamomi were evaluated. The progression of the pathogen in root tissue and its effects on total fatty acid (TFA) composition of roots and leaves were analysed in seedlings. Net photosynthesis (P n ), stomatal conductance (g s ), chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements (quantum yield of linear electron transport ? e , photochemical quenching q P, non-photochemical quenching NPQ) and carotenoid determinations were carried out in well established (4?months) plants. In elicitin-treated roots, 2?days after inoculation, the pathogen which presented loss of viability and membrane degradation was mainly restricted to the intercellular spaces of the cortical parenchyma, and did not reach the vascular cylinder. Electron dense materials accumulated in the intercellular spaces of the cortex next to disorganized hyphae, suggested to be related with defence reactions. Cryptogein (or its interaction with P. cinnamomi) induced enhanced lipid synthesis in leaves, which may contribute to preserve membrane stability. P. cinnamomi decreased P n , g s , ? e , and q P, whereas elicitin-treated plants displayed values similar to controls. Overall, the results indicated a resistance response of cork oak against this oomycete, induced by the elicitins. 相似文献
86.
Recent plant diversity changes on Europe's mountain summits 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pauli H Gottfried M Dullinger S Abdaladze O Akhalkatsi M Benito Alonso JL Coldea G Dick J Erschbamer B Fernández Calzado R Ghosn D Holten JI Kanka R Kazakis G Kollár J Larsson P Moiseev P Moiseev D Molau U Molero Mesa J Nagy L Pelino G Puşcaş M Rossi G Stanisci A Syverhuset AO Theurillat JP Tomaselli M Unterluggauer P Villar L Vittoz P Grabherr G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6079):353-355
In mountainous regions, climate warming is expected to shift species' ranges to higher altitudes. Evidence for such shifts is still mostly from revisitations of historical sites. We present recent (2001 to 2008) changes in vascular plant species richness observed in a standardized monitoring network across Europe's major mountain ranges. Species have moved upslope on average. However, these shifts had opposite effects on the summit floras' species richness in boreal-temperate mountain regions (+3.9 species on average) and Mediterranean mountain regions (-1.4 species), probably because recent climatic trends have decreased the availability of water in the European south. Because Mediterranean mountains are particularly rich in endemic species, a continuation of these trends might shrink the European mountain flora, despite an average increase in summit species richness across the region. 相似文献
87.
Accurate prediction of plant-available N release from sewage sludge is necessary to optimize crop yields and minimize NO3– leaching to groundwater. We conducted a 1.5-year study with three maize crops to determine N mineralization from an urban sewage sludge from Barueri, State of São Paulo, Brazil, and its potential to contaminate groundwater with NO3–. The soil at the experimental site was a loamy/clayey-textured Dark Red Dystroferric Oxisol. The treatments consisted of: plots without chemical fertilization or sludge, plots with complete chemical fertilization, and plots receiving four different doses of sewage sludge. Dose 1 was calculated at the agronomic N rate, while doses 2, 3 and 4 were, respectively, two, four, and eight times dose 1. The inorganic N addition increased with the rate of biosolid application. The high NO3– concentrations in relation to NH4+ were associated with intense soil nitrification. High N losses occurred for the first 27 days after soil sludge incorporation, even at the lowest dose, suggesting that land application of sewage sludge based on the N requirement of the crop may be overestimating the amount of sewage sludge to be applied. 相似文献
88.
Ferreira Evandro Maia de Castro Ferraz Marcos Vinicius Biava Janaina Socoloviski de Assis Rhaíssa Garcia Barroso José Paulo Roman Polizel Daniel Montanher de Araujo Leandro Coelho Pires Alexandre Vaz 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(1):373-378
Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objectives were to evaluate the effects of two non-fibrous carbohydrate sources and the rate of body weight gain on puberty status in ewe lambs. Sixty... 相似文献
89.
Samira Santiago Librelon Fernanda Aparecida Castro Pereira Paula Furtado de Pádua Nathália Bottrel Maia Pereira Luanna de Barros Wanderley Gomes Rafael Pereira Lucas Fidelis Pereira Edson Ampélio Pozza Elaine Aparecida de Souza 《Plant pathology》2022,71(6):1431-1439
Angular leaf spot (ALS), an important disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), is caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola. This pathogen has a wide genetic variability and, therefore, poses a challenge to integrated disease management. The use of resistant cultivars is difficult; hence, the application of fungicides has been a common practice in common bean cultivation. P. griseola strains were morphophysiologically characterized and their sensitivity to common fungicides used to control ALS was studied. The strains were evaluated for sporulation capacity and a representative sample of 34 strains was bioassayed to determine their sensitivity to commercial concentrations of five fungicides, namely pyraclostrobin, mancozeb, pyraclostrobin + metconazole, chlorothalonil and tebuconazole. Another sample of 29 strains was studied for conidial germination and dimensions. Sporulation capacity ranged from 0.88 to 27.67 × 104 conidia/ml and germination percentage ranged from 39% to 72%. The large differences among strains suggest a wide genetic variability among the strains. A wide variability in aggressiveness of P. griseola was observed, which has consequences for breeding programmes aimed at resistance. The behaviour of pathogen strains differed in every fungicide evaluated, even in a population that has not been under selection pressure in the field. These results confirm the need for further studies and may guide future research with this pathogen. 相似文献
90.
Cláudia Mello RibeiroVeruska Maia Costa Maria Isabel Franchi Vasconcelos GomesMarjorie Assis Golim José Rafael ModoloHélio Langoni 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(2):111-114
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a synbiotic composed of Bifidobacterium animalis and fructooligosaccharides on female rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Female Wistar rats, treated or not with dexamethasone, were daily supplemented with synbiotics for 21 days. After 15 days of supplementation, the rats were orally infected with 104T. gondii bradyzoites. Blood samples were collected to measure the levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and T. gondii antibodies. All synbiotic-supplemented rats survived until the end of the experiment; however, non-supplemented dexamethasone-treated rats died between the fifth and the eighth days after T. gondii infection. Dexamethasone-treated rats supplemented with synbiotics (P < 0.05) were capable of synthesizing IFN-γ, and this immunological response was essential to ensure their survival. In addition, brain cysts were found in one rat not supplemented with synbiotics. Results suggest that the synbiotic composed of B. animalis and fructooligosaccharides may be beneficial to toxoplasmosis control. 相似文献