Characterization of normal feline renal vascular anatomy with dual-phase CT angiography

Helical computed tomography angiography was used to evaluate the renal vascular anatomy of potential feline renal donors. One hundred and fourteen computed tomography angiograms were reviewed. The vessels were characterized as single without bifurcation, single with bifurcation, double, or triple. Multiplicity was most commonly seen for the right renal vein (45/114 vs. 3/114 multiple left renal veins, 0/114 multiple right renal arteries, and 8/114 multiple left renal arteries). The right kidney was 13.3 times more likely than the left to have multiple renal veins. Additional vascular variants included double caudal vena cava and an accessory renal artery. For the left kidney, surgery and computed tomography angiography findings were in agreement in 92% of 74 cats. For the right kidney, surgery and computed tomography angiography findings were in agreement in 6/6 cats. Our findings of renal vascular anatomy variations in cats were similar to previous reports in humans. Identifying and recognizing the pattern of distribution of these vessels is important when performing renal transplantation.     

Influences of dietary antimicrobial peptide APSH‐07 on the growth performance,immune response and vibriosis resistance of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A 115‐day feeding trial and subsequently a 10‐day challenge test with Vibrio parahaemolyticus were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary antimicrobial peptide APSH‐07 on growth performance, immune response, antioxidative status and vibriosis resistance of abalone Haliotis discus hannai (initial body weight: 2.06 ± 0.01 g; initial shell length: 25.42 ± 0.18 mm). Four artificial diets were designed with 0 (artificial diet control), 7.5, 15.0 and 22.5 mg/kg of APSH‐07, respectively. The brown alga Laminaria japonica was used as the live food control. Results showed that the specific growth rates of abalone in the groups with 7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg dietary APSH‐07 were significantly higher than those in the controls (p < .05). The total haemocyte counts and respiratory burst activity in haemolymph of abalone in the group with 7.5 mg/kg of dietary APSH‐07 were significantly higher than those in the groups with 0 and 22.5 mg/kg of dietary APSH‐07 (p < .05). The gene expression levels of Mn‐superoxide dismutase and thioredoxin peroxidase 2, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase in the group with 7.5 mg/kg of dietary APSH‐07 were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p < .05). Cumulative mortality of abalone after the challenge test was significantly decreased in the group with 7.5 mg/kg of dietary APSH‐07 supplementation. Supplementation of 22.5 mg/kg dietary APSH‐07 significantly increased the cumulative mortality. In conclusion, 7.5 mg/kg of dietary APSH‐07 supplementation had the better growth performance, higher antioxidation, immune and disease resistance capacity of abalone. Excessive supplementation of dietary antimicrobial peptide APSH‐07 (22.5 mg/kg) had significantly negative effects. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal level of dietary APSH‐07 supplementation for abalone.     

Effects of fresh and aged copper contaminations on soil microorganisms

The aim of the investigation was to compare effects of fresh and aged amendments of copper (Cu) on the active, aerobic, heterotrophic microbial biomass by respiration and potential‐nitrification measurements and on microbial‐community structure by means of phospholipid‐fatty‐acid (PLFA) analyses. An A_p horizon (10–20 cm) of a Luvisol was used for the experiments. Fresh copper amendments were carried out by spraying a CuCl₂ solution on the soil. Aged heavy‐metal amendments were achieved by mixing the control soil with monocontaminated soil derived from an abandoned site in Denmark which has been used as a wood‐preservation plant. As expected, fresh contaminations were more effective to reduce potential nitrification and respiration than aged contaminations if the total Cu concentration (Cu_t) in soils is considered. There were no differences between aged and fresh contaminations if their effects were referred to NH₄Cl‐extractable concentrations (Cu_AN). The lowest concentration reducing cumulative substrate‐induced respiration (C_R) amounted to 0.33 mg Cu_AN (kg dm)^–1. PLFA analyses revealed Cu contaminations to decrease mainly aerobic bacteria. Effects were more pronounced using the contaminated soil as an inoculum. Apparently the duration of contamination is more important to the change of microbial‐community structure than the actual availability of the contaminant.     

儿菜生物学特性研究

本文在儿菜栽培及其生长发育与温度观测的基础上, 描述了儿菜的生物学特性, 提出了儿菜通过春化作用的条件,为儿菜的推广工作提供了科学的依据。     

中国对虾人工受精技术的研究

首次探讨了中国对虾人工受精的方法。干法、湿法、半湿法和滴管法都可获得一定比例的受精卵,其中滴管法的受精效果最佳,最高受精率为77.8％。受精卵经过培养,能够进行正常的卵裂和胚胎发育。通过对这几种方法受精效果的分析和比较,认为,在精卵未丧失受精能力的前提下,尽可能地使精卵充分混合,才能得到较高的受精率。还对这四种方法的人工受精和自然受精对受精率的影响进行了比较和分析。     

Effects of Feeding Levels on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Body Composition, and Apparent Digestibility Coefficients of Nutrients for Grouper Epinephelus coioides Juveniles

An experiment was conducted to determine effects of feeding levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients for juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides (initial weight, 10.31 ± 0.36 g). Grouper were fed a practical diet from 0 (starvation) to 3.5% (at 0.5% increments) body weight per day (bw/d) for 8 wk. ANOVA indicated that growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, and ADCs of dry matter, protein, and energy were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by feeding levels. Survival was the lowest for the starvation group and for fish fed a ration of 0.5% bw/d. Final mean body weight, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, and metabolic growth rate increased with feeding rate from 0 to 2.5% bw/d (P < 0.05) and showed no significant differences above the level (P > 0.05). Feed conversion rate was significantly lower at a feeding level of 2.0% bw/d than above and below the level (P < 0.05). Protein efficiency ratio was markedly highest at the 2.0% bw/d ration level (P < 0.05). Lipid contents of whole body, muscle, and liver increased with increasing feeding rates from 0 to 3% bw/d and showed a slight decline at the feeding level of 3.5% bw/d. Protein contents of whole‐body composition, muscle, and liver remained relatively stable with the different ration amount with the exception of fish fed a ration of 0.5% bw/d, at which grouper possessed significantly lower body protein concentration (P < 0.05). Condition factor, viscerosomatic index, and hepatosomatic index were the lowest for fish fed 0.5% bw/d and tended to increase with the increasing feeding levels. ADCs of dry matter, protein, and energy decreased with increasing feeding levels from 0 to 2.5% bw/d and then remained relatively constant over the level. Based on the broken‐line regression analysis using WG data, the optimum and maintenance feeding levels for grouper were 2.5% bw/d and 0.25% bw/d, respectively.     

核苷酸对大黄鱼生长性能、肠道形态和抗氧化能力的影响

为探究饲料中添加核苷酸对大黄鱼生长性能、肠道形态和抗氧化能力的影响,实验选取初始体质量为(7.71±0.02)g的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象,设置2个对照组,即高鱼粉对照组FM(鱼粉含量为45.0%)和低鱼粉对照组N0(鱼粉含量为31.5%),在低鱼粉对照组基础上分别添加0、75、150、300、600和1 000 mg/kg的核苷酸,共配制出7种等氮等脂饲料,在海水浮式网箱中进行为期63 d的养殖实验。结果表明:饲料中添加核苷酸对大黄鱼的存活率、饲料效率、摄食率、鱼体组成和形体指标没有显著影响(P0.05);但增重率随着核苷酸添加量的增加呈先升高后下降趋势,在添加量为300~600 mg/kg时显著高于其他处理组(P0.05)。随着核苷酸添加量的增加,血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和总抗氧化力(T-AOC)的活力呈先升高后下降的趋势,并在300 mg/kg时显著高于低鱼粉对照组(P0.05)。核苷酸对大黄鱼肠道肌肉层厚度和微绒毛高度有显著影响(P0.05),分别在添加量为150和300mg/kg时出现最大值;而对肠道褶皱高度无显著影响(P0.05)。结果表明,饲料中添加核苷酸能促进大黄鱼生长,改善肠道形态结构和增强机体的抗氧化能力。以增重率为指标,利用折线模型计算得到大黄鱼幼鱼饲料中核苷酸的适宜添加量为194.91 mg/kg。     

中国对虾染色体的核型分析

对中国对虾的染色体进行了较深入的观察和研究。实验材料采用精巢、胚胎,无节幼体等,以气干法和压片法制片,吉姆萨染色,然后进行显微镜检查,选择分散良好的分裂相摄影。结果表明:中国对虾染色体数目为n=44,2n=88。并发现一对具有次缢痕的染色体。通过测量和计算,确定它的核型为2n=88=66M+16SM+6St。     

Effects of dietary α‐lipoic acid on the growth and antioxidative responses of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of α‐lipoic acid (LA) on the growth and antioxidative responses of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Six purified diets supplemented with 0, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200 mg kg^?1 of LA, respectively, were fed to abalone for 16 weeks in a flow‐through water system. The results showed that the weight gain ratio (WGR) increased with the dietary LA levels, and reached the highest value in the group with 800 mg kg^?1 dietary LA supplement. Glutathione peroxidase activity in the 800 mg kg^?1 dietary LA group was significantly higher than that in the dietary LA‐deficient (0 mg kg^?1) group. Superoxide dismutase activities in the 200, 400 and 800 mg kg^?1 groups were significantly increased. Supplements of 200, 400 and 800 mg kg^?1 dietary LA elevated the total antioxidative capacity significantly. The glutathione level in the hepatopancreas increased significantly with the dietary LA supplements in a dose‐dependent manner (except for the 200 mg kg^?1 group). Catalase and malondialdehyde in the hepatopancreas were not significantly affected by dietary LA. In conclusion, dietary LA promoted the growth and stimulated the antioxidative defence capacity of abalone. Based on the data of WGR, the optimal dietary LA supplement for juvenile abalone was found to be 709 mg kg^?1 using piece‐wise linear analysis.     

FSEC赛车电池热管理系统的优化设计

对于一辆纯电动赛车来说,电池性能的优劣很大程度上取决于电池的散热效率.本文以电池箱的热管理系统为研究对象,用CATIA精准建立电池箱的几何模型,并将其导入ANSYS ICEPAK进行网格划分,参数设置,模拟计算,得到数据,表明电池箱散热设计符合工作要求.