More about the potato nematode,Heterodera rostochiensis Woll., in Peru

Thirteen resistant selections ofS. tuberosum hybrids bred in the U.S.A. and Europe and 44 diploid clones derived fromS. vernei, S. spegazzinii, S. neohawkesii, andS. sanctaerosae each with resistance to one or more pathotypes ofH. rostochiensis were tested for their resistance to three Peruvian populations of this nematode. Only one diploid clone ofS. sanctatrosae was found to be resistant to the three populations of nematodes, but several clones were resistant to one or another of the nematode populations. More clones were found to resist the nematode population collected near Cuzco than those populations collected near Huancayo or Otuzco. Morphometric measurements of body length, stylet length, and distance of median valve to excretory pore, of second stage larvae showed great variation and no clear difference among the three populations. The measurements obtained were closer to pathotype E from England than to any other recognized pathotypes.     

杧果种质资源若干植物学数量性状评价指标探讨

为建立或完善中国数量化、规范化的杧果种质资源描述系统,以便更好地为中国杧果种质资源的研究工作服务,2007～2009年7月,在海南儋州市中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所杧果种质圃内进行杧果品种(种质)资源的叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶柄长度、花序长度、花序宽度、花直径、果实纵径、果实横径、果实侧径、核长度、核宽度和核厚度等12项植物学数量性状指标的测定.结果表明, 12个数量性状均存在10%以上的变异系数,叶柄长度、果实纵径和果核长度呈偏态分布,其他9项呈正态分布.根据分析结果,提出了性状分级标准,建议将12个植物学数量性状分为1～5个等级,每个等级提出2个参照品种,1个国外品种,1个国内品种.该研究为中国杧果种质资源描述系统数量化、规范化的建立或完善奠定基础.     

不同品种宁夏枸杞果实糖积累差异的生理原因

以宁杞1号和宁杞3号枸杞品种为材料,分别对2个品种的果实单粒鲜质量、横纵径、糖含量、淀粉含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的变化进行测定,并对果实糖积累的差异进行研究.结果表明:果实发育过程中,2个品种的果实单粒鲜质量均持续增长,但增长速度不同;与宁杞1号不同,宁杞3号在果实发育后期其横径仍大幅增长;2个品种的果实均以积累己糖为主,在发育过程中己糖含量总体均呈递增趋势,但糖的积累量存在较大差异;果实中转化酶活性的高低是影响其糖分构成的主要原因;2个品种果实品质的差异主要是由果实中糖分含量和种类差异造成的.     

饲料水分的快速测定方法

国标法（ＧＢ６４３５ -８６）测定饲料中水分的含量结果准确 ,但时间较长。本实验方便快捷 ,而且可节约成本 ,对中小型企业有一定的实用价值。１说明本实验的仪器设备、试样选取和制备、结果计算等全部与国标法相同 ,所测试样全部为本厂生产的饲料成品或进货的饲料原料。２测定步骤洁净称样皿 ,在１３０±２℃烘箱中烘１ｈ ,取出 ,在干燥器中冷却３０ｍｉｎ ,称准至０ ０００２ｇ,再烘干３０ｍｉｎ ,同样冷却 ,称重 ,直至两次重量之差小于０ ０００５ｇ为恒重。用已恒重称样皿称取两份平行试样 ,每份２～５ｇ（含水重０ １ｇ以上 ,样品厚度…     

Effect of Discontinuous Administration of β -glucan and Glycyrrhizin on the Growth and Immunity of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei

A six-week growth trial was conducted to compare the effects of different feeding strate- gies of dietary immunostimulants on the growth and immunity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei （4.70 ±0.20g）. Shrimps were fed with diet containing glycyrrhizin continuously, containing β -glucan continuously, discontinuously （seven days with diet containing β -gluseven days with diet without -glucan; two days with diet containing β-glucan following five days with diet without -glucan）,     

不同蛋能比对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、饲料转化、血清指标和体组成的影响

导读：虾料配制时首先考虑的因子。 前言 凡纳滨对虾原产于美洲中南部的太平洋沿岸,我国于1988年引进,由于该虾生长快、适应性强、食性广、价格高、抗病力强等优点,迅速成为主要养殖品种。当前,饲料成本占总养殖成本的50～60％,而蛋白水平又是影响生长性能和饲料成本的主要因素。那么怎样才能降低饲料成本呢？通过优化蛋白能量和非蛋白能量在饲料中的比例,可以达到这一目的。如果蛋白相对于能量过量,那么,     

Prevalence of bovine genital campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis of bulls in northern Nigeria

Background

A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis, and their concurrence with brucellosis, in cattle in three states of northern Nigeria.

Methods

A total of 602 preputial samples was collected from bulls in 250 herds and tested using culture and identification. Various indigenous and exotic breeds were studied and four major management systems were encountered. Age of the cattle was estimated using dentition, farm records or cornual rings.

Results

The estimated true animal-level prevalence of Campylobacter fetus infection was 16.4% (95% CI: 13.0-20.7), of which 18.5% was C. f. fetus and 81.5% was C. f. venerealis. Of the latter, 92% were C. f. venerealis biovar intermedius strains. Animal-level prevalences in Adamawa, Kano and Kaduna states were 31.8%, 11.6% and 8.3% respectively, and were highest in bulls >7 years old (33.4%) and in the Gudali breed (28.8%). Of the 250 herds, 78 (25.5%, 95% CI: 19.4-32.7) had at least one infected bull, and herd prevalence was highest in the pastoral management system (43.5%). After adjustment for confounding using multivariable analysis, the odds of C. fetus infection were highest in Adamawa state (P < 0.01), in the pastoral management system (P < 0.01), and in bulls >7 years old (P = 0.01), and tended to be higher in Bos taurus breeds (P = 0.06). There was a strong positive association between the presence of campylobacteriosis and brucellosis (P < 0.01), both within bulls (OR = 8.3) and within herds (OR = 16.0). Trichomonosis was not detected in any herds.

Conclusion

Bovine genital campylobacteriosis is prevalent particularly in the pastoral management system in northern Nigeria, with C. f. venerealis biovar intermedius as the major aetiology. There was a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of campylobacteriosis and brucellosis. No evidence of trichomonosis was found in herds in this study.     

刈割对龙葵生长和富集镉的影响及其机理

通过盆栽实验,研究了25mg·kg-1镉胁迫下刈割对超富集植物龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)再生长能力和富集镉效果的影响。结果表明留茬30cm轻度刈割,新芽再生速度较快,留茬15cm深度刈割处理的再生速度则相对较慢,二者差异显著,但相对于对照来说刈割处理都能显著提高龙葵的生物量和生长速率。通过对不同时期龙葵体内的镉积累量的比较,发现刈割能有效提高龙葵富集镉的能力。刈割是提高龙葵对镉污染土壤修复效率的一种策略。     

沼液生物厌氧发酵对病死猪病原微生物杀灭效果的评价

为评估利用沼液无害化处理病死猪的效果,无菌采集病死猪沼液生物厌氧发酵样品,利用PCR技术对样品中的猪瘟病毒、圆环病毒2型、蓝耳病病毒、伪狂犬病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪链球菌与副猪嗜血杆菌等7种常见病原微生物进行了检测,同时应用细菌培养基与PK-15细胞对猪链球菌、副猪嗜血杆菌以及猪瘟病毒、伪狂犬病毒、圆环病毒2型进行了病原分离。结果显示,田间试验组和模拟平台试验组,在不同温度条件下,应用沼液对病死猪进行3个月或6个月的厌氧发酵,病原微生物核酸检测或病原分离鉴定均为阴性,证实应用沼液无害化处理病死猪能有效杀灭其中的病原微生物,使其失去活性。     

Characterization of normal feline renal vascular anatomy with dual-phase CT angiography

Helical computed tomography angiography was used to evaluate the renal vascular anatomy of potential feline renal donors. One hundred and fourteen computed tomography angiograms were reviewed. The vessels were characterized as single without bifurcation, single with bifurcation, double, or triple. Multiplicity was most commonly seen for the right renal vein (45/114 vs. 3/114 multiple left renal veins, 0/114 multiple right renal arteries, and 8/114 multiple left renal arteries). The right kidney was 13.3 times more likely than the left to have multiple renal veins. Additional vascular variants included double caudal vena cava and an accessory renal artery. For the left kidney, surgery and computed tomography angiography findings were in agreement in 92% of 74 cats. For the right kidney, surgery and computed tomography angiography findings were in agreement in 6/6 cats. Our findings of renal vascular anatomy variations in cats were similar to previous reports in humans. Identifying and recognizing the pattern of distribution of these vessels is important when performing renal transplantation.