贡山县核桃增效配套技术

笔者在贡山县应用了核桃大树“开槽放水”杂劣品种嫁接改良技术、漾濞大泡核桃“2-3主枝自然开心形或2-3主枝开心圆头形”树形配置技术和“平衡施肥”技术,总结出了适合贡山县核桃增效的配套技术,供参考使用.     

西藏拉鲁湿地土壤酵母菌多样性及产胞外 酶活性菌株分布特性研究

采用平板稀释法从西藏拉鲁湿地土壤中分离酵母菌,开展城市湿地酵母菌多样性研究。结合经典分类法及26S rDNA D1/D2区域序列分析,对获得的酵母菌菌株进行系统分类,并进行产胞外酶活性菌株的皿内初筛。结果显示,分离得到的83株酵母菌分属于隐球菌属Cryptococcus、假丝酵母属Candida、原囊菌属Protomyces、红酵母属Rhodotorula及孢囊线黑粉酵母Cystofilobasidium等5个属16个种,其中胶红酵母Rhodotorula mucilaginosa相对丰度最高,约26%,其次为维多利亚隐球酵母Cryptococcus victoriae和山杨隐球酵母Cryptococcus aspenensis;多样性分析表明,LhWS6样点的酵母菌多样性最丰富,LhWS9样点则最低;产胞外酶活性菌株初筛结果表明,25℃下产脂肪酶活性菌株比例最高,为67%,而4℃下产淀粉酶活性菌株数最多,为49株。另外,低温条件下产淀粉酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶和几丁质酶的活性菌株比例均高于常温条件。结果表明拉鲁湿地土壤酵母菌总体种类较丰富,但每个样点的种类相对单一,说明湿地生境或人为活动一定程度影响到该生态环境酵母菌的种群分布,开发青藏高原耐低温、产胞外酶等活性菌株具有一定的应用前景。     

乡土植物在青海省高等级公路绿化中的应用

乡土植物是在长期的系统演化过程中,经过严格自然选择的优胜者,它们与当地的气候、土壤相适应,具有适应性广、抗病虫害能力高、抗逆性强等特点。本文通过总结近年来乡土植物在青海公路绿化中的实践经验,就如何合理规划应用乡土植物进行了阐述。     

液相色谱质谱联用分离、鉴定芥蓝中脱硫芥子油苷

    从芥蓝菜薹中提取芥子油苷,经阴离子交换柱DEAE-Sephadex A-25纯化和硫酸酯酶脱硫,得到脱硫芥子油苷提取液.比较了两种高效液相色谱的流动相体系(甲醇与水体系和乙腈与水体系)及两种长度(250 mm×4.6 mm和150 mm×4.6 mm)的C18色谱柱(Prontosil ODS2,粒径5μm)对芥蓝脱硫芥子油苷的分离效果,确定分离条件为乙腈与水流动相体系和250 mm×4.6 mm C18柱.采用质谱联用及紫外扫描,在芥蓝菜薹中检测出7种脂肪族芥子油苷和4种吲哚族芥子油苷,其中4-甲硫基丁基芥子油苷为第一次在芥蓝中检测到.芥蓝中主要以脂肪族芥子油苷为主,占总芥子油苷含量的91.6%,而吲哚组芥子油苷的含量仅占8.4%.其中,3-丁烯基芥子油苷和4-甲基亚硫酰丁基芥子油苷为主要芥子油苷组分,分别占总含量的47.9%和35.5%,而含量最低的为4-羟基-3-吲哚甲基芥子油苷,只占总芥子油苷含量的0.2%.     

西藏不同青稞品种的品质差异分析

为了解西藏地区不同青稞品种的品质差异,采集了西藏青稞主产区的不同青稞品种,并对青稞中的水分、淀粉、粗蛋白、粗纤维、矿质元素以及有效成分总黄酮、花青素、β-葡聚糖等14项指标进行了检测。结果表明:有色青稞中淀粉和微量元素Mn、Cu、Zn的含量在年度间存在着显著的差异,且有色青稞微量元素含量普遍偏低;青稞总黄酮含量范围在0.14%~0.42%,均值为0.23%;β-葡聚糖含量范围为2.65%~6.52%,均值为4.59%;有色青稞花青素含量变化较大,范围在0.022 7~0.649 7 mg/g,均值为0.133 2 mg/g。总黄酮含量、β-葡聚糖含量年际间差异不大,花青素含量年际间差异巨大。总黄酮含量有色青稞显著高于普通青稞,而β-葡聚糖含量二者无显著差异。     

临夏州不同种植区马铃薯播种适期研究

临夏州马铃薯种植区域主要分布在无灌溉条件,年降雨量不足200 mm的干旱山地和年降雨量约600 mm的山二阴地,以及灌溉便利,年降雨量在500 mm左右的川塬区。通过种植区域、播种时间和栽培措施3因素对比试验,以产量、病害损失和经济效益做综合分析对比,得出临夏州春旱较频繁的干旱山地和山二阴地区应适当推迟播期至5月上旬左...     

Detection of citrus psorosis-ringspot virus using RT-PCR and DAS-ELISA

Psorosis, sometimes also associated with ringspot symptoms, is a widespread and damaging disease of citrus in many parts of the world including South America and the Mediterranean basin. We describe the application of RT-PCR and DAS-ELISA diagnostics to an isolate of citrus ringspot virus (CtRSV-4) and other virus isolates associated with this disease. Fragments of cDNA from bottom-component RNA of CtRSV-4 were cloned and sequenced, and PCR primers were designed, 5'ACAATAAGCAAGACAAC upstream, and 5'CCATGTCACTTCTATTC downstream. RT-PCR experiments using these primers allowed detection of CtRSV-4 in infected citrus leaves down to a tissue dilution of 1/12 800 representing 2 μg of tissue, and less sensitive detection of the related citrus psorosis-associated virus (CPsAV90-1-1) and four other psorosis isolates from Argentina and the USA. In addition, CtRSV-4 particles were partially purified from local lesions in Chenopodium quinoa, and the preparations used to raise a rabbit antiserum. The antiserum was absorbed with extracts of healthy C. quinoa leaves, and a DAS-ELISA kit was prepared and tested for detection of CtRSV-4, CPsAV90–1-1, and other psorosis isolates from Argentina, the USA, Italy and Spain. The ELISA detected CtRSV-4 down to a tissue dilution of 1/1600, and most other psorosis isolates down to dilutions of 1/200–1/800. Three of a total of 20 heterologous isolates were consistently negative. Comparison of the PCR and ELISA results suggests that both methods can be used for detection of a range of psorosis isolates, but that variation of the viruses in the field might cause problems for any one diagnostic test.     

Comparison of Blood Physiological and Biological Indexes of the Polled Yak and Horned Yak

The blood physiological and biological indexes were determined in both polled and horned yaks, to investigate the differences of body condition and metabolism between the two breeds, and provide a comprehensive understanding for new yak breeds. Thirty physiological and biochemical indexes of the polled and horned yaks were measured, and all these data were analyzed by independent-samples t test to compare the same index between the two groups. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences (P<0.01) in 11 indexes,5 indexes reached significant differences (P<0.05) and no significant differences (P>0.05) in 14 indexes between the polled and horned yaks. The results suggested that the polled yak was easier to adapt to the plateau hypoxia and there were many differences in adaptability of plateau hypoxia, kidney metabolism, liver metabolism and the growth and development of the bone between the polled and horned yak. This study could provide scientific basis for better protection and utilization of yak and the selection of the new yak breeds.