重庆市植烟区不同肥力植烟土壤氮素矿化特性研究

通过室内培养试验研究了重庆市植烟区不同肥力植烟土壤氮素矿化规律,求得土壤氮素矿化参数,并探讨了氮素矿化潜势（N0）、有机质、全氮、pH、碱解氮之间的关系。结果表明,在35℃条件下培养,一级动力学方程能够很好的拟合氮素的矿化过程,相关系数均达到显著水平（r高肥力土=0.976、r中肥力土=0.986、r低肥力土=0.996）,不同肥力土壤氮素矿化量存在显著差异。矿化潜势(N0)为：高肥力土（25.0mg?kg-1±0.60）﹥中肥力土（21.5mg?kg-1±0.61）﹥低肥力土（19.7mg?kg-1±1.14）;矿化速率（k）为：低肥力土（0.1596mg?kg-1?d-1±0.0104）﹥中肥力土（0.1492mg?kg-1?d-1±0.0155）﹥高肥力土（0.1029mg?kg-1?d-1±0.0071）。矿化潜势(N0)与全氮、有机质呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.9799和0.9788,与pH之间呈负相关（R=-0.9784）。表明不同肥力植烟土壤的供氮能力存在差异,在肥料管理上要因土、因时施肥。     

Transmission characteristics of low pathogenic avian influenza virus of H7N7 and H5N7 subtypes in layer chickens

Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIv) infections of H5 and H7 subtypes in poultry are notifiable to the OIE, hence surveillance programmes are implemented. The rate at which LPAIv strains spread within a flock determines the prevalence of infected birds and the time it takes to reach that prevalence and, consequently, optimal sample size and sampling frequency. The aim of this study was to investigate the transmission characteristics of an H7N7 and an H5N7 LPAIv in layer chickens. Two transmission experiments were performed, which consisted of 30 (first experiment) and 20 (second experiment) pairs of conventional layers, respectively. At the start of the experiments, one chicken per pair was inoculated with LPAIv and the other chicken was contact-exposed. Occurrence of infection was monitored by regularly collecting tracheal and cloacal swab samples, which were examined for the presence of virus RNA by RT-PCR. The results of the test were used to estimate the transmission rate parameter (β), the infectious period (T) and the basic reproduction ratio (R(0)). In addition, egg production and virus shedding patterns were quantified. For the H7N7 virus, the β, T and R(0) estimates were 0.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04-0.18) day(-1), 7.1 (95% CI: 6.5-7.8) days and 0.7 (95% CI: 0.0-1.7), respectively. With the H5N7 virus, only a few inoculated chickens (5 out of 20) became infected and no transmission was observed. This study shows that transmission characteristics of LPAIv strains may vary considerably, which has to be taken into account when designing surveillance programmes.     

抗药性根瘤菌基因工程菌的构建与应用

用三亲本杂交的方法将外源抗药性质粒导入到高效固氮的根瘤菌 Tal377中,外源质粒在 Tal377中能正常表达,但不影响其原有的固氮结瘤能力。利用此抗药性根瘤菌所携带的抗药性,在接种此根瘤菌的同时结合施加一定浓度的抗菌素,抗药性根瘤菌与出发菌株相比表现出一定程度地提高其结瘤固氮能力和占瘤率。     

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum in sheep in the state Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with infection due to Neospora caninum in serum samples from 488 sheep originating from 63 farms in 63 municipalities distributed across eight of the twelve mesoregions of the state Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. For detection of N. caninum the sheep serum samples were subjected to the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT ≥ 50). To identify the risk factors associated with infection due to N. caninum a questionnaire was filled out for each herd by interviewing, the individual responsible for the herd, demanding information on the general characteristics of the property. Sixty-four sheep sera (13.1%; 95% CI=10.3-16.4) presented IgG-specific anti-N. caninum antibodies with the following titers: 50 (49; 76.6%), 100 (7; 10.9%), 200 (4; 6.2%), 400 (3; 4.7%) and 800 (1; 1.6%). The prevalence of infected sheep per mesoregion ranged from 0 to 28.1%. Out of the 63 farms sampled, 31 (49.2%; 95% CI=36.4-62.1) presented at least one seropositive sheep. No significant association was found between the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies and the risk factors evaluated on the farms, except for the mesoregion variable (p=0.004; OR=0.429; CI95%=0.182-1.008). These results indicate that there is a need for additional research to define the epidemiological importance of this parasite as a cause of reproductive problems in sheep herds in Minas Gerais.     

马齿型玉米种子侧立定向定距输出装置的设计与试验

为了实现玉米种子的定向定距输出,该文设计了一种玉米种子侧立定向定距输出装置,并对其定向定距原理进行了分析。该装置包括侧立排序机构和定向定距机构2部分。侧立排序机构能够对成堆玉米种子进行分散、排序输送、分选和姿态变换使之变为一列呈侧立姿态排序的玉米种子,定向定距机构能够对侧立姿态的玉米种子进行定向和定距,使其尖端统一朝前、相邻种子之间间距一致,然后排序输出。以侧立喂入轨道的倾角α、振幅Z_1、定向定距转盘的角速度w和侧立输出轨道的振幅Z_2为因素,以玉米种子的定向定距成功率和定距间距为指标,对定向定距机构进行仿真试验,得到最佳工作参数:α为3°、Z_1为0.3 mm、w为30°/s、Z_2为0.3 mm。搭建玉米种子侧立定向定距输出装置进行性能试验,结果表明在最佳工作参数下该装置工作稳定,玉米种子定向定距成功率为90.7%,定距间距平均为45 mm。该研究为后续机械化玉米定向播种提供了参考。     

加格达奇市黄芪种植地土壤形态描述及适宜性分析

黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus)因其药用价值高近年来被大量、无节制采挖,致使野生黄芪资源几近枯竭。探究黄芪适宜生长的土壤,将为人工驯化黄芪提供一定的科学依据。本研究以加格达奇市连续多年人工种植黄芪的土壤为研究对象,系统分析了2个典型土壤剖面的形态特征及土壤养分。结果表明：表层土壤结构疏松,孔隙度较大,土壤颜色较深,干态为黑棕色,润态为黑色;淀积层及母质层土壤结构坚实,孔隙度较小,土壤颜色随着层次加深,颜色逐渐变黄、变棕。表层土壤质地肥沃,多以壤土为主;表层有机质含量高,分别为122.07、110.09 g/kg,占其整个土壤剖面有机质含量的52%和82%,土壤剖面有机质随土层深度的增加呈现一个骤降的趋势;表层土壤全氮含量较高,分别为6.58、8.87 g/kg,而土壤全磷含量较低,主要分布于土壤表层,表层土壤的全磷含量分别为0.07、1.01 g/kg,土壤酸碱度在pH 5.11~6.35之间。黄芪适应生长土壤质地疏松,土壤温度状况为寒冻性、土壤水分状况为湿润,土壤肥沃,表层土壤有机质含量高,全氮含量也较高,而全磷含量较低,土壤呈弱酸性至中性。     

基于变量优选与机器学习的干旱区湿地土壤盐渍化数字制图

土壤盐渍化是导致土壤退化和生态系统恶化的主要原因之一,对干旱区的可持续发展构成主要威胁。为了尽可能精确地监测土壤盐渍化的空间变异性,该研究收集新疆艾比湖湿地78个典型样点,其中选取54个样本作为训练集,24个样本作为独立验证集。基于Sientinel-2多光谱传感器(Multi-Spectral Instrument,MSI)、数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)数据提取3类指数(红边光谱指数、植被指数和地形指数),经过极端梯度提升(Extreme Gradient Boosting,XGBoost)算法筛选有效特征变量,构建了关于土壤电导率(Electrical Conductivity,EC)的随机森林(Random Forest,RF)、极限学习机(Extra Learning Machine,ELM)和偏最小二乘回归(Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR)预测模型,并选择最优模型绘制了艾比湖湿地盐渍化分布图。结果表明:优选的红边光谱指数基本能够预测EC的空间变化;红边光谱指数与植被指数组合建模效果总体上优于...     

伊犁河流域裸露缓坡地放水试验研究

 通过野外径流小区实地放水冲刷试验,研究伊犁河流域裸露缓坡地在不同放水条件下土壤水分变化、径流泥沙特征,并运用水力学理论分析坡面径流水力学参数特征。结果表明:1)土壤入渗率随着放水流量的增加呈现递增的趋势,随着放水量的增加,土壤表层含水量增大,入渗率随之减少,坡下部土壤水分变化量高于坡上;2)随着放水流量的增加,输沙率呈现递增的趋势,含沙量呈先增后减的趋势,含沙量与放水流量存在较好的幂函数关系,随着冲刷时间的延长,含沙量、输沙率均呈现递减的趋势;3)随着放水流量的增加,径流平均流速、雷诺数、Darcy-Weisbach阻力系数逐渐增大,弗劳德数逐渐减小,流速与流量、弗劳德数与雷诺数均呈良好的幂函数关系,水流为层流、急流状态。     

与大豆SMV3号株系抗性相关的分子标记的鉴定

对大豆花叶病毒SMV抗性的遗传研究一直是大豆抗病遗传研究的热点之一。本研究以哈91R3-301×黑农41组合构建了遗传群体,其F2分离单株的SSR标记基因型基本符合1:2:1的比例,说明这个群体没有偏分离。根据F3株系的病情指数分布推测SMV3的F2成株抗性似乎由多基因控制。根据SSR分子标记的基因型和F2:3株系对SMV3抗病性表型结果连锁分析,推测Satt296是与大豆花叶病毒(SMV)3号株系抗性主基因连锁的分子标记,应用Joinmap作图软件将该标记定位在D1b连锁群上,这一结果与部分文献报道的研究结果一致。本研究获得的与抗性基因连锁的分子标记在其他的RIL群体中的验证得到了初步证实,推测定位在D1b连锁群上的抗性座位可能是控制SMV3的主基因之一,该标记可望应用于大豆抗SMV3的分子标记辅助选择。     

Mini‐cutting technique application in Corymbia and Eucalyptus: effects of mini‐tunnel use across seasons of the year

New Forests - The forestry sector has been able to sustainably satisfy the increasing global demand for forest products, thereby positively impacting the economy, while mitigating climate change....