斗牛犬

斗牛犬起源于英国大不列颠群岛,由于该犬在当地常被用来进行“纵犬咬牛”游戏,而得此名。据传说,大约在1209年左右,英国斯坦福城堡围墙内,有两头公牛为了一头母牛在城堡内草地上争斗,直到所有牛屠宰完就剩下这头获胜公牛后,让屠夫们所养的犬去追捕这头公牛,这头公牛在犬吠叫声、人们噪杂声和众多的犬追逐中疯了,当地统治者威廉·厄尔·华伦感到很高兴,于是他让出那块围捕追逐的城堡草地,作为城中屠宰者的公共用地,进行“纵犬咬牛”游戏,此项游戏运动后来被永远地保留下来了。这种游戏虽然有点残忍,但通过这     

Anti-oxidative/oxidative status of rat liver after ovariectomy

The lack of protective action of oestrogens which appears during menopausal period may be the reason of serious metabolic disturbances including oxidative stress. The hypothesis was stated that ovariectomy may induce the variations of antioxidant/oxidant status which can be detected in rat liver. A total of 102 healthy Wistar female rats were included in the experiment and divided into control (CON; n = 6), sham-operated (SHO; n = 48) and ovariectomized (OVX; n = 48) groups. Animals from SHO (n = 6) and OVX (n = 6) groups were killed every week during 8 weeks of experiment to detect dynamic changes in examined parameters. Anti-oxidative enzyme activities [glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); superoxide dismutase (SOD)] as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the intensity of lipid peroxidation, measured by the concentration of N,N,diethyl-p-phenylene diamine (DEPPD) radical, were determined in liver homogenates by the use of spectrophotometric methods. Wave-like patterns of examined parameters within 8 weeks of experiment were detected. GSH-Px activity tended to be higher in OVX animals and was significantly lower at 8th week when compared with 1st week of experiment. SOD activity was higher in SHO animals and showed significant differences between 3rd, 4th, 7th and 1st week. TAC values were significantly higher in OVX when compared with SHO groups in 2nd, 4th, 5th week and significantly lower in 3rd, 6th and 7th week of the experiment. The concentration of DEPPD radicals tended to increase in OVX group. In conclusion, ovariectomy which leads to oestrogen insufficiency is reflected as well in variation of anti-oxidative/oxidative parameters in rat liver homogenates.     

常见肿瘤病的鉴别诊断和控制策略

<正>近两年来,在我国一些养殖密集地区,许多鸡群肿瘤病的发病率呈明显上升。关于发病原因,许多专家说法不一。有的认为还是由于马立克氏病所引起的肿瘤,但有人认为是由于禽网状内皮增生征病毒所引起,还有人认为是禽白血病,特别是J-亚型白血病所致。     

Biological and chemical hazards occurring in fish and fishery products

It is common knowledge that fish are a nutritious component of a human diet, as they constitute a valuable and desired source of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, they are likely to pose a risk to consumer health. The presence of pathogenic bacteria or their toxins, parasites, biogenic amines and toxins or chemical residues may be a causal agent of foodborne illnesses in humans, sometimes even with fatal effect. Usually, infections are a result of insufficient thermal treatment or consumption of raw fish dishes. There are also risk factors that cannot be eliminated by such treatments as cooking, salting or freezing.     

Tetrodotoxin- and resiniferatoxin-induced changes in paracervical ganglion ChAT- and nNOS-IR neurons supplying the urinary bladder in female pigs

The aim of the present study was to establish the effect of intravesical administration of resiniferatoxin (RTX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the chemical coding of paracervical ganglion (PCG) neurons supplying the urinary bladder in the pig. In order to identify the PCG neurons innervating the bladder, retrograde tracer Fast Blue was injected into the bladder wall prior to intravesical RTX or TTX administration. Consequent application of immunocytochemical methods revealed that in the control group 76.82% of Fast Blue positive PCG neurons contain nitric oxide synthetase (nNOS), and 66.92% contain acetylcholine transferase (ChAT). Intravesical infusion of RTX resulted in a reduction of the nNOS-IR neurons to 57.74% and ChAT-IR to 57.05%. Alternative administration of TTX induced an increase of nNOS-IR neurons up to 79.29% and a reduction of the ChAT-IR population down to 3.73% of the Fast Blue positive PCG cells. Our data show that both neurotoxins affect the chemical coding of PCG cells supplying the porcine urinary bladder, but the effects of their action are different. Moreover, these results shed light on the possible involvement of NO-ergic and cholinergic neurons in the mechanisms of therapeutic action exerted by RTX and TTX in curing the overactive bladder disorder.     

训犬员,警营里的一道多味麻辣汤

在云南德宏边境一线,常年活跃着这样一群年轻士兵,他们身穿橄榄绿,终日与犬为伴。巡逻路上,他们带着警犬跋山涉水,风餐露宿,把足迹踏遍边境线上的每     

Use of comparative proteomics to identify the effects of creatine pyruvate on lipid and protein metabolism in broiler chickens

Four hundred male chickens were selected to study the effects of pyruvate (Pyr), creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) and creatine (Cr) on the expression of hepatic mitochondrial and cytoplasm proteins associated with lipid and protein metabolism. Mitochondrial purification was accomplished using the two-step differential centrifugation and density gradient method, and the activities of organelle-specific marker enzymes were determined to assess the purity of the mitochondria. Proteins were extracted and fractionated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the differential protein spots were assessed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. CrPyr reduced fatty acid accumulation by down-regulating adipose differentiation-related protein, inhibited ATP synthase expression, and reduced cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) expression, thus reducing the levels of high density lipoprotein and triglycerol (TG) levels (thereby lowering fat and cholesterol deposition). CrPyr increased the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 2B, calreticulin (CRT) and eIF3a, thus promoting protein synthesis. CrPyr up-regulated the expression of fatty acid-binding proteins, CETP and apolipoprotein A-IV in cytoplasmic extracts, and these proteins accelerated the decomposition of fatty acids and TG, thus reducing fat deposition. In conclusion, CrPyr plays an important role in lipolysis and protein synthesis, and this effect was more pronounced than was the effect of Pyr and Cr.     

山东省沂南县动物强制免疫“先打后补”现状分析

2021年,沂南县推进动物疫病强制免疫“先打后补”工作,依托“鲁牧云”信息平台,通过强化组织领导,加强政策宣贯,强化人员培训,放开强免疫苗经营渠道,提供抗体检测无偿服务等措施,提升了养殖场户“先打后补”的积极性、自主性、灵活性,强化了养殖场户动物防疫主体责任,满足了养殖场户疫苗多样化需求。但由于 “先打后补”补助金额少、社会化服务不规范、基层动物防疫体系弱化、缺少配套工作经费等原因,部分养殖场户实施“先打后补”的积极性不高。建议通过规范社会化服务组织,强化培训水平,提高补助标准,强化三级（县乡村）基础设施建设,升级“鲁牧云”等措施,确保“先打后补”政策惠及更多养殖场户。     

多变小冠花中β－硝基丙酸含量的研究

对不同品种小冠花在不同生长年限、不同发育阶段和不同器官及不同生长年限的β－硝基丙酸含量进行了研究。结果表明：不同品种β－硝基丙酸含量是不相同的，一年生含量范围为１８．３～２３；１ｍｇ／ｇ，二年生含量范围为２２．３～３５．９ｍｇ／ｇ。在不同发育阶段以盛花期含量最高。器官中以青荚果含量最高，根中含量最低。以上的结果为小冠花的毒性研究和小冠花的利用提供了科学依据。     

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本文在总结湖州雠主格蔟成绩的基础上,针对当前在方格蔟推广上存在的问题,提出了大力推广方格蔟,提高茧质的建议。