β-葡聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能的影响

<正>β-葡聚糖酶是一类能降解谷物中β-葡聚糖的水解酶类的总称,β-葡聚糖酶属于半纤维素酶类,是采用枯草杆菌经过液体深层发酵制得。β-葡聚糖酶包括内切和外切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、内切和外切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶。内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶是饲用β-葡聚糖酶的有效成分。β-葡聚糖酶能降解β-葡聚糖分子中的β-1,3和β-1,4糖苷键,使之降解为小分子,失去亲水性和粘性,改变单胃动物肠道内容物的特性、消化酶的活性、肠道微生物的作用环境等,从而有利于动物对营养物质的消化和吸收,提高生长性能和饲料的转化率。     

Dietary supplementation with Acanthopanax senticosus extract enhances gut health in weanling piglets

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) as a dietary additive on gut health in weanling piglets by examining diarrhea frequency, intestinal microbiota and morphology. A total of 96 Duroc× (Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets weaned at 21 days of age with an average initial body weight (BW) of 5.6 ± 0.4 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups with 4 duplicates of 8 piglets each. The piglets were fed basal diet to which had been added 0 or 1 g/kg of ASE, or 0.7 g/kg antibiotics, respectively. Fecal consistence was monitored twice daily and the frequency of diarrhea was calculated. On day 21 after the initiation of supplementation, 8 piglets were randomly selected from each treatment group (2 piglets per pen) and slaughtered. The jejunum, ileum, colon and cecum were then excised and fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution to determine villus height and crypt depth, after their contents were collected to determine microbiota. The results showed that dietary supplementation with ASE increased (P < 0.05) the density of bacterial populations that co-migrated with Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium lituseburens, but decreased (P < 0.05) those co-migrating with Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Ruminococcus forques, and E. coli O157:H7 in the PCR-DGGE profiling analysis when compared with the control group. The villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased (P < 0.05) by 14.8, 13.7 and 10.0%, while the crypt depth decreased (P < 0.05) by 17.9, 9.1 and 12.1%, respectively, in response to dietary ASE supplementation. Additionally dietary supplementation with ASE or an antibiotic decreased (P < 0.05) the frequency of diarrhea by 55.6 and 52.2%, respectively, compared with the control group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation with ASE could regulate the microbiota composition and maintain a normal morphology of gut mucosa in weanling piglets, thereby decreasing diarrhea that resulted from weaning stress.     

动物疫病区域化管理的新模式——生物安全隔离区划

2003年,OIE提出了动物疫病区域化政策的新理念——生物安全隔离区划(Compartmentalisation),即通过采取生物安全管理控制措施等手段,建设基于企业水平的无疫生物安全隔离区。从2004年起,OIE先后在《陆生动物卫生法典》和《OIE公告》中提出了定义、评价和确认生物安全隔离区的原则、要素和步骤建议,为世界各国开展生物安全隔离区建设评估工作提供了方向性指导。虽然生物安全隔离区划的概念提出时间较短,但作为一种全新的动物疫病区域化管理模式,生物安全隔离区划已经引起了世界范围的广泛关注,美国、泰国等畜牧业发达国家均在积极研究探索生物安全隔离区建设评估的模式。     

中外饲料产业发展概况和饲料质量安全问题现状

饲料质量安全是关系食品安全的大事,是世界普遍关注的热点问题。饲料质量安全直接关系到消费者的安全,世界各国正普遍重视和关注饲料的科学性和安全性,特别是疯牛病的出现,抗生素的使用,给饲料工业和畜牧业的发展带来一系列的问题。文章正是通过对中外饲料产业发展的概述以及对中外饲料质量安全问题现状的分析,从而引起全行业对饲料质量安全问题的关注。     

藏獒皮肤成纤维细胞培养与生物学特性观察

In order to study biological characteristics of Tibetan Mastiff somatic cells and preserve genetic resource, two fibroblast cell strains from Tibetan Mastiff were established by tissue culture. In vitro culture cell morphology, hyperplasia ability and some biological characteristics were researched. Tibetan Mastiff cells in vitro culture appeared typical morphology of fibroblast cells, grew well and had strong hyperplasia ability. Population doubling time of the cells was 46.1 h. Vimentin expression in the cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. The rate of F5 cells with normal diploidy (2n=78) was 91.4%. Moreover, longer X chromosome belonged to submetacentric chromosome, but Y chromosome did telocentric chromosome. Tibetan Mastiff cell strains eslablished in the study offered the materials for the Tibetan Mastiff somatic cell nuclear transfer research.     

新城疫病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为满足新城疫病毒高通量快速检测的需要,针对新城疫病毒M基因序列,通过基因比对分析保守区域,经同源性分析后,设计合成多条引物和探针并对其筛选,建立了一种能够快速检测新城疫病毒的实时荧光RTPCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏性进行了评估。结果显示,该方法检测耗时短、特异性好,检测下限达10~(-4) ng/μL。利用该方法,对480份临床采集的各类家禽咽拭子样品进行检测,共检测出25份阳性,与常规RT-PCR检测方法结果一致,κ值为1(P 0.001)。结果表明,该方法快速、准确,可用于新城疫病毒的快速检测。     

黑曲霉发酵酱油渣的研究

试验研究了黑曲霉的耐盐能力,试验结果表明:NaCl浓度在0-120 g/l以内,黑曲霉生长速率随NaCl浓度的增加先增加后减小,当NaCl浓度为40 g/l时黑曲霉生长速率达到最大值,为2.08 cm/d;并且以酱油渣为试验材料,研究了黑曲霉对酱油渣中粗纤维成分的降解能力,试验结果表明,黑曲霉能高效降解酱渣中半纤维素,30 d降解率达到了84.28%;同时对纤维素和木质素也有一定程度降解,30 d时降解率分别为23.86%和9.43%。本研究结果为酱油渣的饲料化利用提供了必要的数据支持。     

家蚕种质资源研究进展及展望

介绍了家蚕种质资源的概况,综述了家蚕种质资源在经济性状、抗逆和抗病性、生理生化特性和遗传分析等方面的研究进展情况,并展望了其发展前景。     

2010—2019年安徽省执业兽医资格考试现状

为了解安徽省执业兽医资格考试现状,完善执业兽医考试制度,切实提高执业兽医水平,全面分析了安徽省执业兽医资格考试报名及通过情况、参考人员年龄结构、学历分布和职业构成等。结果显示：2010—2019年,安徽省共有10 423人参加执业兽医资格考试,其中3 684人达到农业农村部公布的助理执业兽医师和执业兽医师最低分数线,通过率为35.3%。执业兽医队伍逐步年轻化,30岁以下占58.0%,大专生以上学历达到50.0%。从业人员主要集中在行政机关和诊疗机构,报考人数少、从业人员比例低等问题比较突出。由此为执业兽医资格考试发展方向提出了建设性建议,包括完善执业兽医准入制度,完善执业兽医考试制度,建立执业兽医继续教育制度。     

草地早熟禾种子萌发和幼苗生长对铅胁迫的适应性

为研究草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）对铅（Pb）的适应性,本研究采用盆栽试验分析了铅胁迫（Pb²⁺浓度为0,100,200,300,400,500,600 mg·L^-1）下草地早熟禾种子的萌发情况和幼苗生理生化的变化,结果显示：萌发期,随着Pb²⁺浓度的增加,发芽率和芽苗的芽长先升高后降低;发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、芽苗的根长和苗重均随着Pb²⁺浓度的增加而逐渐降低;幼苗期,叶绿素含量在Pb²⁺浓度小于200 mg·L^-1时无明显变化,在Pb²⁺浓度大于400 mg·L^-1时显著低于对照;细胞膜相对透性、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）和脯氨酸（Proline,Pro）含量均随着Pb²⁺浓度的增加而升高,保护酶活性和活性氧自由基均随着Pb²⁺浓度增加先升高后降低。试验结果表明浓度小于200 mg·L^-1的铅胁迫可促进草地早熟禾种子的发芽,大于300 mg·L^-1则显著抑制;苗期在Pb²⁺浓度小于400 mg·L^-1时草地早熟禾可通过激活自身的抗氧化酶系统和增加Pro含量抑制细胞膜相对透性、MDA和活性氧自由基的增加以适应Pb²⁺胁迫,大于400 mg·L^-1时则影响其正常生长,可见土壤中铅浓度小于300 mg·L^-1的铅污染地区可种植草地早熟禾绿化环境。