贵州优良草品种引种选育及应用

贵州主要地方优良草种选育及利用在贵州草地畜牧业发展和石漠化治理中具有重要意义,研究结合近年来的科研工作,综述了贵州近30年来在主要地方优良草种选育利用方面的主要成就。结果表明,自贵州草地畜牧业兴起以来,广大科技人员为解决草地生产用种问题,先后引进国内外优良草种10余种累计100多份品种资源,并多次考察收集贵州野生牧草品种资源近1 000份,经过整理、鉴定,发掘了一批重要的育种材料。近15年来,采用引种驯化筛选、选择育种等方法先后选育牧草新品种9个,对促进贵州草地畜牧业的发展做出了一定的贡献。还分析了贵州牧草育种存在的主要问题并展望了今后育种研究的主要方向。     

RT-PCR及RFLP分析技术对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的诊断和S1基因分型的研究

本研究使用分别扩增整个S1糖蛋白基因 (引物A)和S1糖蛋白基因N_端高变区Ⅰ (引物B)的 2对引物对 3个IBV标准株M41、Connecticut、Arkansas及 5个地方分离株 (C60 ,D41A ,D41B ,A112 1,A1171)进行RT_PCR扩增。用引物A时 ,有 5个IBV毒株扩增到目的片段 (172 0bp) ;用引物B时 ,所有 8个IBV毒株均得到与预计大小相符的目的产物 (2 2 8bp)。对 172 0bp的PCR产物用限制性内切酶HaeⅢ进行酶切 ,结果得出 3个不同的RFLP图谱 ,其中M41、Connecticut、D41B具有相同的HaeⅢ酶切图谱。Arkansas和D41A则分别具有互不相同的图谱 ;对 2 2 8bp的PCR产物进行DdeⅠ、RsaⅠ限制性内切酶消化 ,根据它们的RFLP图谱 ,8个IBV毒株可分为 5个基因型。综合 2对引物的PCR产物的RFLP分析结果 ,8个IBV毒株可分为 7个基因型 ,分型的结果与传统的血清学方法吻合。本研究建立的方法和技术具有快速、简单、特异、灵敏等优点 ,为现场流行毒株的定型(基因型 /血清型 )及其S1基因变异的跟踪研究以及更有效防制传染性支气管炎奠定了基础。     

Initial Experience with Norepinephrine Infusion in Hypotensive Critically III Foals

Seven critically ill foals that continued to be hypotensive despite fluid resuscitation and the infusion of dobutamine and/or dopamine were treated with an infusion of norepinephrine (noradrenaline). The norepinephrine was administered concurrently with dobutamine, and the combination therapy was titrated by use of indirect mean arterial pressure measurements. The highest dose of norepinephrine used was 1.5 mcg/kg/min. In six foals the administration of norepinephrine was associated with an increase in blood pressure. In one foal the mean arterial pressure did not increase in response to the doses of norepinephrine administered. All of the foals experienced an increase in urine output coincident with the start of the norepinephrine infusion. Three of the foal survived to hospital discharge.     

规模化猪场副猪嗜血杆菌的部分生物学特性研究

为了查明流行于新疆北部部分地区部分规模化养猪场副猪嗜血杆菌的存在情况及其部分生物学特性,本试验以新疆北部地区几个规模化猪场为研究对象,从可疑副猪嗜血杆菌病病料中分离目标菌,采用微生物学与免疫学的试验手段,调查其主要流行株的生物学特性,包括生理生化特性、培养特性及分子特性,并对分离株进行了药敏试验及对小白鼠的致病性试验。试验结果表明,该地区规模化猪场中已普遍存在副猪嗜血杆菌病的感染,5株分离株对小白鼠均有较强的致病性,而且对硫酸庆大霉素和盐酸土霉素已经产生了耐药性。     

不同类型鸡新城疫La Sota疫苗的免疫应答比较

A、B、C、D组SPF鸡分别接种La Sota加佐剂活疫苗,未加佐剂活疫苗,氢氧化铝胶佐剂苗和油佐剂灭活疫苗,通过采集血清进行红细胞凝集抑制试验,测定其抗体水平,并进行比较。结果表明,La Sota加佐剂活疫苗组可产生较高的抗体滴度,并持续较长时间;而未加佐剂疫苗组血清阳转较弱,且持续时间较短;油佐剂灭活疫苗组抗体滴度最高,维持时间最长。     

30株鸡大肠杆菌ESBLs基因型检测及耐药性分析

采用2倍稀释法检测30株鸡大肠杆菌对常见药物耐药性,用表型筛选和确证试验检测产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)情况,并分别用TEM、SHV和CTX-M等3种通用引物进行PCR扩增以确定其基因型.结果显示23株大肠杆菌为产ESBLs株,占76.7%.PCR扩增表明TEM、CTX-M、SHV阳性率分别为73.9%、43.5%和0%,有7株同时检测出TEM和CTX-M基因(占30.4%),3株未检测出TEM、CTX-M和SHV 3种基因(占13.0%).药敏试验结果显示产ESBLs大肠杆菌对药物的多重耐药性明显比非产酶大肠杆菌严重,产酶菌对氨苄西林和头孢噻呋的耐药率最高,为95.7%,对氨基糖苷类、恩诺沙星和复方新诺明的耐药率均高于78%,氨苄西林和三代头孢与酶抑制剂联用或2种不同种类的药物联用均能明显增强抗菌活性.以上结果表明河南省76.7%的临床分离鸡大肠杆菌为产ESBLs株,其基因型主要是TEM和CTX-M,尚无SHV型,β-内酰胺类与酶抑制剂联用或不同种类药物联用是防治鸡产酶大肠杆菌感染的有效措施之一.     

Effects of injection of botulinum toxin type B into the external anal sphincter on anal pressure of horses

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects on anal pressure of horses after local injection of the external anal sphincter with Clostridium botulinum toxin type B. ANIMALS: 11 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURE: Peak and resting anal sphincter pressures were measured with a custom-made rectal probe that was connected to a pressure transducer. Pressures were measured before treatment and after injection with botulinum toxin type B (BTB) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Dose titration with 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,500 U of BTB was completed. Physical changes, behavior, and anal pressure were recorded for each horse. RESULTS: Injection of 1,000 U of BTB caused a significant reduction in peak anal pressure from days 2 to 84, compared with pressure in control horses. Maximal effect of the toxin was observed within the first 15 days after injection, followed by a slow return to baseline during the 168-day period. Injection of 2,500 U of BTB in the anal sphincter in 1 horse resulted in lethargy, generalized weakness, and dysphagia for 14 days. Adverse clinical effects were not observed in horses after injections with 500, 1,000, or 1,500 U of BTB. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The effect of focal intramuscular injection of BTB in horses is similar to that reported for other species. However, horses appear to be more sensitive to BTB, compared with other species, and clinical signs of botulism may develop at doses exceeding 1,500 U. Injections of BTB in the external anal sphincter of mares may be useful to reduce incisional dehiscence after repair of perineal lacerations.     

模猪场猪瘟野毒感染情况调查

利用ELISA方法对广西6个规模猪场送检的1626份猪血清进行猪瘟野毒感染情况调查。结果6个规模猪场均存在猪瘟野毒感染,其中母猪感染率为7.86%~29.21%,平均为17.52%,种公猪感染率为0%~23.52%,平均为11.83%,育肥猪感染率为5%~22.45%,平均为15.5%,断奶仔猪感染率为8.24%~18.57%,平均为12.69%。此检测结果与猪场临床发病情况基本一致,病猪多表现为繁殖障碍型、温和型的非典型猪瘟。     

试验羊饲喂不同青贮处理黄花棘豆的病理组织学观察

采用3种不同青贮方法对黄花棘豆进行青贮,并每天按10 g/kg体重剂量给试验羊投服,观察黄花棘豆不同方法青贮后对试验羊的病理组织学影响。结果表明,3种方法青贮黄花棘豆后取得较好效果;试验羊连续投服60 d没有出现中毒症状,仅在试验期间提耳应激时表现为轻度转圈运动;病理组织学观察结果表明,试验羊的肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、小脑、脾脏和心肌等实质性组织均有不同程度的损伤,特别是大脑损伤最为明显,其中黄花棘豆添加酶制剂和"棘防E号"青贮组对试验羊肝脏、肺脏和肾脏的损伤比直接青贮组严重。     

广西休闲畜牧业排污处理方法探讨

探讨了近年来广西在发展休闲畜牧业中出现的畜禽饲养产生的排污处理问题,根据广西地区的实际情况,结合实际操作,提出了"干湿分离-沼气发酵-人工牧地-稳定塘-排放"的模式,并取得了较好效果.