基于GIS和NFM的鄱阳湖地区经济林地的适宜性评价

土地资源是制约经济增长和改善人民生活最严重的"瓶颈",为了让有限的土地资源得到充分、合理的利用,系统开展区域土地资源空间优化配置的研究是一项十分迫切的任务,而进行经济林用地适宜性评价是土地资源优化配置的重要内容,对制定土地利用规划、进行林业结构调整、保护区域生态环境、实现区域资源环境可持续发展具有重要意义。     

水稻温敏型叶片白化转绿突变体tsa2的表型鉴定与基因定位

水稻温敏型叶色突变体是研究植物光合作用、叶绿体结构和功能以及温度影响叶绿体发育的理想材料。利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变籼型水稻(OryzasativaL.)三系保持系西农1B,从其后代中筛选到一个突变性状稳定遗传的温敏型叶片白化转绿突变体tsa2 (temperature-sensitive green-revertible albino 2)。与野生型相比, tsa2突变表型受温度影响, 22°C条件下萌发的野生型幼苗表型正常,而tsa2幼苗完全白化,且约40%白化苗死亡,存活白化苗的光合色素含量、光合速率均显著降低,成熟期主要农艺性状均显著变劣;在28°C下萌发的tsa2幼苗叶片呈浅绿色并伴有白条纹,其光合色素含量显著降低,光合速率及主要农艺性状差异较小; 32°C下萌发的tsa2幼苗叶片无明显差异。透射电镜观察显示,与野生型相比,tsa2在22°C下叶肉细胞中无叶绿体或存在异常发育叶绿体(尚未分化出基粒和基层),在28°C下部分叶肉细胞含少量发育完整的叶绿体,在32°C下叶肉细胞数量及形态均正常。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析表明,与野生型相比,tsa2突变体中部分光合色素代谢途径基因、叶绿体发育相关基因及光合作用相关基因的表达水平呈不同程度变化。遗传分析表明, tsa2突变表型受一对隐性核基因控制, TSA2被定位于第5染色体SSR标记S5-57和S5-119之间,物理距离为718 kb。本研究为水稻遗传改良及研究温度影响叶绿体发育机制奠定了基础。     

水稻齿叶矮缩病毒Pns10蛋白在水稻原生质体内的表达

【目的】水稻齿叶矮缩病毒(Rice ragged stunt virus,RRSV)Pns10蛋白在介体昆虫细胞内可形成类似病毒原质(viroplasm)的内含体,是RRSV侵染介体所必需。然而Pns10蛋白在水稻寄主中是否具有类似功能及其表达情况如何未见报道。【方法】利用大肠杆菌系统表达Pns10蛋白,免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体;通过水稻原生质体病毒侵染体系,利用免疫荧光技术分析Pns10蛋白在水稻原生质体内的分布情况,利用实时定量PCR技术和Western blot技术分别检测Pns10 RNA和Pns10蛋白在水稻原生质体内的积累情况。【结果】将Pns10基因克隆到Gateway系统原核表达载体p DEST17中,IPTG诱导表达成功后,制备融合蛋白抗血清。Western blot检测显示,该抗血清可检测感病水稻叶片中的Pns10蛋白。病毒侵染水稻原生质体后,Pns10蛋白可形成类似病毒原质的内含体;Pns10 RNA在病毒接种8 h后开始积累,24 h后达到最大值,随后开始下降;Pns10蛋白在24 h后开始表达,之后维持较高水平,60 h后略有下降。【结论】成功获得了Pns10抗血清;Pns10在水稻原生质体内成功表达,可形成类似病毒原质的内含体,并且Pns10 RNA的表达先于其蛋白的表达。     

秋季施有机肥对红翅槭幼苗生长的影响

以一年生、当年生红翅槭为试材,通过对红翅槭幼苗生长及生理指标进行测量,研究了秋季施用不同用量菌渣有机肥对红翅槭幼苗生长的影响,以期筛选出相对合理的有机肥用量。结果表明:不同用量的有机肥均对红翅槭幼苗生长有促进作用,3个施肥处理中,促进红翅槭幼苗生长的最优用量是单株红翅槭幼苗菌渣有机肥施用量500g,显著提高了红翅槭幼苗生长,对当年生与一年生红翅槭苗地径、苗高、叶面积、叶绿素含量的影响均达显著水平。     

基于高职学生《汽车电工电子技术基础》课程的教学设计 ——以"戴维南定理"为例

《汽车电工电子技术基础》是汽车类专业学生必修的一门专业基础课,学好该课程为后期学习汽车专业知识打下扎实基础.文章主要以"戴维南定理"为例,从戴维南定理的内容、教学目标、重难点、教学方法及教学过程等各个方面进行教学设计,以此调动学生的学习积极性.     

聚丙烯酰胺连年施用对燕麦生产的影响

为探明聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)施用后对燕麦不同生育阶段水分利用的影响,在长城沿线旱作丘陵区,设置6个处理,分别为对照(CK)、PAM施用一年(M1)、PAM连续施用二年(M2)、PAM连续施用三年(M3)、PAM连续施用四年(M4)、PAM连续施用五年(M5),通过大田试验,研究PAM施用不同年限对燕麦不同生育阶段的土壤保水、燕麦耗水特征、水分利用效率等特性的影响。结果表明,施用PAM提高了燕麦田不同生育阶段0~60cm土层的土壤含水量,促进了燕麦生物量的积累,降低了燕麦总耗水量,提高了燕麦产量和水分利用效率。各处理中,M4和M5处理的土壤含水量及贮水量均高于其他处理,而总耗水量最低,差异均显著(P0.05);M1、M2处理的多数被测指标与CK无显著差异。苗期0~10cm、拔节期10~20cm、抽穗期20~40cm、灌浆期0~10cm、成熟期10~20cm和40~60cm土层土壤含水量对产量的影响最大。各生育阶段,除播种-苗期及抽穗-灌浆期外,M5处理耗水量均显著低于M4处理。M4处理的经济效益和水分利用效率均最高,较对照分别增加35.67%和3.67kg·hm~(-2)·mm~(-1)。综合考虑产量、经济效益、水分利用效率,燕麦旱作地区应连续4年施用聚丙烯酰胺。     

Updating the elite rice variety Kongyu 131 by improving the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gn1a</Emphasis> locus

Background

Kongyu 131 is an elite japonica rice variety of Heilongjiang Province, China. It has the characteristics of early maturity, superior quality, high yield, cold tolerance and wide adaptability. However, there is potential to improve the yield of Kongyu 131 because of the relatively few grains per panicle compared with other varieties. Hence, we rebuilt the genome of Kongyu 131 by replacing the GRAIN NUMBER1a (Gn1a) locus with a high-yielding allele from a big panicle indica rice variety, GKBR. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was used for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping.

Results

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of the BC₃F₂ population showed that the introgressed segment carrying the Gn1a allele of GKBR significantly increased the branch number and grain number per panicle. Using 5 SNP markers designed against the sequence within and around Gn1a, the introgressed chromosome segment was shortened to approximately 430 Kb to minimize the linkage drag by screening recombinants in the target region. Genomic components of the new Kongyu 131 were detected using 220 SNP markers evenly distributed across 12 chromosomes, suggesting that the recovery ratio of the recurrent parent genome (RRPG) was 99.89%. Compared with Kongyu 131, the yield per plant of the new Kongyu 131 increased by 8.3% and 11.9% at Changchun and Jiamusi, respectively.

Conclusions

To achieve the high yield potential of Kongyu 131, a minute chromosome fragment carrying the favorable Gn1a allele from the donor parent was introgressed into the genome of Kongyu 131, which resulted in a larger panicle and subsequent yield increase in the new Kongyu 131. These results indicate the feasibility of improving an undesirable trait of an elite variety by replacing only a small chromosome segment carrying a favorable allele.

     

脉冲电流烧结Al2O3颗粒的广义热弹性分析

脉冲电流烧结过程的颈部形成机理,特别是非导电粉末材料,是需要着重研究的核心问题。以非导电Al₂O₃粉末为研究对象,引入L-S（Lord and Shulman）型广义热弹性方程,初步探究烧结初期非导电粉末颈部局部高温形成以及快速烧结机理。利用Comsol Multiphysics模拟得到脉冲电流烧结过程中颗粒内部的温度场和应力场分布以及烧结颈部的化学势和空位浓度变化规律。数值结果表明,热以波的形式在烧结颈部产生叠加,形成局部高温。化学势变化表明：烧结初期表面扩散占主要作用,空位浓度差的突变使烧结颈部产生局部空位浓度梯度,促进烧结颈长过程,缩短烧结时间。     

超声波引发合成阳离子聚丙烯酰胺及其表征

在超声波和VA-044引发体系下,丙烯酰胺（AM）单体和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DAC）阳离子单体通过共聚合成阳离子聚丙烯酰胺P（AM-DAC）,该方法具有反应时间短、合成效率高等优点。研究了合成过程中的关键因素对P（AM-DAC）特性粘度的影响规律,并对其合成条件进行优化。实验结果表明： 当AM∶DAC=3∶2、引发剂浓度为0.02%、超声20 min、反应体系pH值为4时,合成的P（AM-DAC）特性粘度最大。红外光谱表征结果表明,P（AM-DAC）是AM与DAC的共聚物,具有-NH₂、C=O、-CH₂-N⁺和-OH等活性基团。P（AM-DAC）在30~200 ℃范围内具有良好稳定性。     

Microbiological analysis of cadmium-contaminated sediments during biostabilization with indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria

Purpose

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have received particular attention in the bioremediation of sediments contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, indigenous SRB were used to stabilize Cd in sediments spiked with different Cd concentrations (≤ 600 mg kg^?1).

Materials and methods

The study investigated the Cd leaching efficiency from sediments after 166 days (d) of biotreatment and assessed the bacterial community and bacteria relationship in sediments during SRB biostabilization.

Results and discussion

The study found that the Cd leaching efficiency of sediments was reduced by 18.1–40.3% (29.4 ± 8.7%) after 166 days of biotreatment. During the biostabilization, the bacterial community in sediments significantly changed, particularly after 61 days of biotreatment. At the family level, the identified dominant bacteria (mean abundance > 3%) included Bacillaceae, norank Nitrospira, Anaerolineaceae, Nitrospinaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Hydrogenophilaceae. The study also speculated the complex relationships between these bacteria. The relative abundance of Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae in sediments was enhanced after biotreatment. Bacillaceae and Streptococcaceae may play a negative role in Cd biostabilization and inhibited SRB biological activity. However, Anaerolineaceae and Hydrogenophilaceae may have commensalism and mutualism relationships, respectively, with typical SRB. The presence of Nitrospinacea and norank Nitrospira may reduce the inhibitive effect of denitrifying bacteria on SRB, thereby exhibiting a positive effect on biologic sulfate reduction and Cd biostabilization.

Conclusions

Indigenous SRB treatment increased Cd stability in sediments and changed bacterial community. During SRB biostabilization, complex relationships between bacteria in sediments were speculated, including competition, syntrophism, and antagonism. These results provide insights for better regulating and controlling SRB biostabilization.