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51.
T Inoue JCH Ko RE Mandsager ME Payton DS Galloway DN Lange 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):109-110
The analgesic, bleeding, and renal effects of dogs pre‐medicated with etodolac with and without butorphanol were evaluated. Twenty‐four 1‐year‐old healthy dogs, weighing 19 ± 3 kg (mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 6): control (C), etodolac (E), butorphanol (B), and etodolac with butorphanol (EB). Etodolac (12–14 mg kg?1 PO) was given 1 hour before propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance anesthesia. Butorphanol (0.4 mg kg?1 IV) was given immediately following endotracheal intubation. Control dogs received only propofol (8 mg kg?1 to effect) and isoflurane anesthesia. All dogs were mechanically ventilated to maintain Pe ′CO2 between 35 and 45 mm Hg (4.7–6.0 kPa). Lactated Ringer's solution was given at 10 mL kg?1 hour?1 during anesthesia. Plasma cortisol concentrations were assessed 1 day prior to surgery (baseline), immediately prior to anesthesia induction, and every 30 minutes until 5 hours following extubation, and 1 day after surgery. Total duration of anesthesia was 50 minutes and total surgery duration was 30 minutes. Isoflurane concentration area under the curve (AUC) over time during the anesthesia was compared among treatment groups. Buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) was assessed 1 day before E administration and during surgery. Urine GGT to urine creatinine ratio, BUN, and plasma creatinine were taken daily from 1 day before to 3 days after surgery. Behavioral pain scores (numerical rating scale) were assessed by two observers blinded to the treatment during the 5‐hour recovery period at 30 minute intervals until 3 hours, and again at 5 hours after extubation. All data were analyzed using anova . Multiple comparisons were performed if the anova was significant. Alpha value was set at 0.05. Plasma cortisol concentrations significantly increased from time of extubation in all the treatment groups. They did not return to the baseline until 5, 2.5, 1.5, and 1.5 hours after extubation in the C, B, E, and EB groups, respectively. Isoflurane AUC was not significantly different among treatment groups. Dogs treated with EB had significantly less behavioral pain than all other groups throughout the 5‐hour recovery period. No significant difference was found between treatment groups or within treatment groups over time in BMBT, or any renal variables. This study demonstrated that (i) pre‐operative administration of E provides profound analgesia during the post‐operative period without renal or bleeding side‐effects in dogs undergoing OHE; and (ii) a combination of butorphanol–etodolac provides the best analgesic effect during the post‐operative period based on the behavioral pain score. 相似文献
52.
Effect of sperm pretreatment with glutathione and membrane destabilizing agents lysolecithin and Triton X‐100, on the efficiency of bovine intracytoplasmic sperm injection 下载免费PDF全文
F Zambrano L Aguila ME Arias R Sanchez R Felmer 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(2):305-311
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an assisted reproduction tool with several applications. Its effectiveness in bovines is lower than that in other species, mainly because of difficulties in the decondensation of the sperm nucleus after injection, and the presence of the acrosome and the plasma membrane which remain intact in this procedure. In this study, we assessed the effect of lysolecithin (LL) and Triton X‐100 (TX), in combination with glutathione (GSH) as sperm pretreatments prior to ICSI. The GSH‐LL and GSH‐TX groups showed 0% of spermatozoa with intact membrane (SYBR 14+/PI), in comparison with the control (63.3%) and GSH (65.7%) groups. The proportions of spermatozoa with damaged acrosome membrane in the GSH‐LL, GSH‐TX, GSH and control groups were 46%, 35.9%, 10.5% and 7.5%, respectively. Sperm chromatin decondensation analysis showed that the groups incubated for 3 hr with GSH presented greater decondensation (p < .05). Although fertilization was improved in all treatment groups evaluated, no differences were observed in the cleavage rate 72 hr after activation in the GSH (73.7%), GSH‐LL (80.2%) and GSH‐TX (77.8%) groups compared to the control (66.3%), neither in the blastocyst rate on day 8 (24.0%, 26.2%, 27.1% and 28.4% for the control, GSH, GSH‐LL and GSH‐TX groups, respectively). No differences were also observed in the total number of cells in all groups. In conclusion, although these sperm treatments promoted nuclear decondensation and induced plasma membrane disruption, these effects were not sufficient to improve bovine embryonic development after ICSI. 相似文献
53.
Effects of density and period of competition by Solanum nigrum L. on direct seeded tomatoes in relation to weed control The effects of density and period of competition from Solanum nigrum L. were measured in direct seeded tomatoes given weed control treatments currently used in south-east France. S. nigrum emerging after a diquat treatment at the 2–3 leaf stage of the crop and thinned to low densities (<12.8 plants ha?1) at the 5–6 leaf stage of the crop caused significant yield loss if left to compete with the crop until harvest. Yield reduction was smaller if the same weed densities were present only until the onset of flowering. The regression curves of yield on weed density differed as annual climatic variations affected sowing date and plant growth; a comparison between years was made using the relation ‘crop yield × weed biomass/crop biomass’. Significant interactions between weed density and period of competition were found with yield of both green and red fruit. For late sown crops with low densities of S. nigrum two weed control treatments at the 5–6 leaf stage and at the onset of flowering were sufficient to prevent yield loss. 相似文献
54.
PE Fernández ME Diessler A Pachame HH Ortega EJ Gimeno EL Portiansky CG Barbeito 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(2):263-269
The aim of this study was to characterize cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins and glycoconjugates of syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast and decidual cells of feline endotheliochorial placenta. Samples from 12 normal pregnant female cats, after 45 ± 5 days of gestation, were obtained removing the uterine horns by hysterectomy. Sections were processed for routine observation and for immunohistochemistry using anticytokeratin, antivimentin and antidesmin antibodies. In addition, lectin histochemistry was performed using a panel of several biotinylated lectins to characterize glycosides expression profile. Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast showed immunoreactivity only with acidic and basic cytokeratins. Decidual cells were only positive to vimentin, consistent with their origin from endometrial fibroblasts. Trophoblast expressed a broad population of glycans, highly exposing terminal N‐acetyl glucosamine residues and non‐sialylated galactose and N‐acetyl galactosamine oligomers. Oligosaccharides bound by Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin were the only highly branched N‐linked residues evidenced in cats, and they were restricted to the syncytium. Unlike results reported on humans, mice and rats on lectin affinity of decidual cells, sialid acids and complex N‐linked oligosaccharides were not demonstrated in cats. Glycosylation of proteins determines many of their final properties, thus becoming essential for the embryo‐maternal dialogue during implantation and placentation. Changes in glycosylation pattern have been related to pathological pregnancies in other species. Hence, the knowledge about glycosylation profile of the normal cat placenta may lead to a better understanding of both normal and pathological reproductive events. 相似文献
55.
56.
RD Gama WL Vianna ME Pinese A de Campos Rosseto A de Sant''Anna Moretti 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(5):433-435
The use of hormonal protocols in puberty induction and synchronization of oestrus has lead to an increase in the efficiency of replacement gilts. The aim of this study was to evaluate different doses of porcine LH in precocious puberty induction and oestrus synchronization in a homogeneous group of gilts. Sixty-seven homogeneous prepubertal gilts (Camborough 22) at 137 +/- 4 days of age and 87 +/- 7 kg were treated with three different hormonal protocols: T1--600 UI of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG; Novormon) and after a 72-h period 5 mg of LH (Lutropin); T2--600 UI of eCG and a 72-h period 2.5 mg of LH; T3--600 UI of eCG and a 72-h period 1.25 mg of LH. The ovaries were examined at slaughter, on day 6 after the hormonal treatment. There were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) between the different LH doses in the percentage of the detected oestrus (T1 = 42.85%; T2 = 60.87%, T3 = 52.18%), oestrus duration (T1 = 41.44 +/- 16.30 h; T2 = 48.57 +/- 16.29 h, T3 = 39.33 +/- 11.42 h), number of corpora lutea (T1 = 9.61 +/- 5.43; T2 = 9.86 +/- 3.32, T3 = 8.13 +/- 5.52) and percentage of animals presenting ovarian cystic degeneration (T1 = 33.33%; T2 = 39.13%, T3 = 39.13%). The T2 (2.5 mg of LH) presented the lowest dispersion (p < 0.05) of the LH-ovulation interval (T1 = 37.17 +/- 4.07 h; T2 = 38.26 +/- 2.84 h; T3 = 36.25 +/- 5.69 h). The LH dose reduction to 2.50 and 1.25 mg presented equal results with the recommended dose of 5.0 mg, and could be used in the precocious induction of oestrus in gilts. The 2.5-mg LH dose showed the lowest dispersion of ovulation and it can be used in fixed-time artificial insemination programmes. 相似文献
57.
L. J. FREEMAN DVM MS G. A. HEGREBERG DVM PhD J. D. ROBINETTE DVM MS DiplomateACVs J. T. KIMBRELL MS ME 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1989,18(2):97-102
The biomechanical properties of wounded and nonwounded skin were studied in three dogs and three cats affected with type I Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Three nonaffected dogs and one nonaffected cat served as controls. Samples of wounded skin and adjacent normal skin were harvested at days 75, 138, 141, 144, 147, and 150. Samples were subjected to uniaxial tensile strength testing. Tensile strength, energy absorbed, and site of failure were recorded. In the dogs with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, there was an increase in tensile strength in samples containing a scar over adjacent intact skin. In nonaffected dogs, affected cats and the nonaffected cat, the nonwounded skin samples had greater tensile strength. The energy absorbed by the skin samples during testing was highly correlated with tensile strength. 相似文献
58.
Biochemical and Protein Profile of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Uterine Horn Fluid During Early Pregnancy 下载免费PDF全文
ME Argañaraz SA Apichela R Zampini J Vencato C Stelletta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(1):121-128
South American camelids show high embryo loss rate, during the first 60 days of pregnancy. One of the factors which may be related to this situation is that over 98% of the embryos implant in the left uterine horn (LUH) even though both ovaries contribute similarly to ovulation. There is scarce information about the uterine environment of female camelids at any physiological state that could explain the capability of the LUH to attract the embryo and maintain pregnancy. We describe, for the first time, the biochemical and protein profile of uterine fluid (UF), addressing the right and LUH environment in non‐pregnant and pregnant alpacas. Different substrates, electrolytes and metabolites were assayed in both uterine horn fluids. Small changes were observed in glucose and total protein levels, which were more noticeable during pregnancy. In addition, 10 specific proteins were found in the left horn fluid in 5‐week‐pregnant alpacas, and two protein bands were identified in non‐pregnant alpaca right horn fluid. These results would provide basic information for identification of possible markers for pregnancy diagnosis, reproductive diseases and hormone‐treated animals evaluation and hence contributing to improve the pregnancy rate. 相似文献
59.
A Ortega-Pacheco ME Bolio-González RF Colin-Flores CH Sauri-Arceo E Gutiérrez-Blanco M Jiménez-Coello C Linde Forsberg 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(3):227-232
A Burdizzo castrator was evaluated for the neutering of dogs. Histological and morphological changes of spermatic cells and peripheral serum testosterone after challenge with a GnRH-analogue (gonadorelin) were assessed. There was a control group (G1), a surgically castrated group (G2) and a Burdizzo group (G3) divided in two, G3a receiving two crunches in each spermatic cord and G3b receiving one crunch in each spermatic cord. Sixteen days after application of the Burdizzo blood samples were taken from the dogs at 30 min interval during 2 h; after the second sample the dogs were treated with 1 mug/kg body weight of gonadorelin i.v. The same protocol of gonadorelin challenge was performed in G1 and G2 dogs. The G2 dogs were surgically castrated after the second blood sample, before the gonadorelin treatment, and the G1 dogs after the last blood sample. The excised gonads were examined histologically, and sperm smears were prepared from the caudae epididymidis. The testes and plexus pampiniformis of the G1 and G2 dogs had a normal histological appearance, and they had morphologically normal epididymal sperm cells. In all G3 dogs, there was an acute fibrosis with an inflammatory reaction in the plexus pampiniformis. The testes from the G3a dogs showed diffuse areas of infarction and degeneration of the parenchyma. Similar but less diffuse lesions were seen in group 3b dogs. The deferent ducts from all G3 dogs showed vasitis and/or sperm granulomas. Azoospermia or sperm malformations were observed in the epididymal smears from the G3 dogs. Testosterone concentration in the G1 dogs increased after gonadorelin application (p < 0.0001). The G2 dogs had basal testosterone levels after castration (p < 0.001) and did not respond to gonadorelin. Groups 3a and b showed a slight but non-significant increase in testosterone concentration after gonadorelin challenge, supposedly due to the reduction of testicular blood flow and loss of testicular interstitial tissue. 相似文献
60.
Haematological and biochemical reference values were established from 45 clinically healthy koalas. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences for sex and season of sampling. Immature koalas had significantly higher alkaline phosphatase and inorganic phosphate values, and significantly lower total protein concentrations due to low globulins values. Enzyme reference values tended to be wide and could limit their usefulness in detecting disease. In the reference values for leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes, the inclusion of low values which were not actually seen may interfere with the detection of reduced levels due to disease. 相似文献