The surgical correction of a deviated anterior maxilla in a horse

SUMMARY The surgical correction of facial deformities of the horse have rarely been undertaken. The surgical and medical management of submucous clefting of the anterior maxilla in a young colt is described.     

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum in greyhounds

Blood samples from 331 greyhounds in the Hunter Valley and nearby coastal areas of New South Wales were examined for microfilariae using a filtration technique. Species were identified by histochemical staining; 10.9% of the greyhounds were infected with Dirofilaria immitis and 3.6% with Dipetalonema reconditum. The prevalence of infection of both species was significantly greater in summer than in winter (p = less than 0.05). Infection with D. immitis was correlated with differences in age, sex, bodyweight and coat colour, and a reported lack of stamina and the presence of a cough. No significant association was found. Diethylcarbamazine citrate was used for prophylaxis in 8.8% of all the greyhounds examined.     

Identification and validation of cold responsive microRNAs of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hevea brasiliensis</Emphasis> using high throughput sequencing

Cold stress is one of the major abiotic factors that influence the productivity and geographical distribution of many agriculturally important crops like Hevea brasiliensis. Cultivation of H. brasiliensis in India is being extended to northeastern regions, where low temperature during winter adversely affects its survival, growth, and productivity. Developing cold-tolerant genotypes is a primary requisite to maximize the productivity under such challenging environmental conditions. However, lack of methods for early evaluation of cold tolerance in the newly developed clones and the extensive time required for assessing their tolerance in the field are major constraints for clonal selection. The present study was initiated with an objective to identify and characterize cold stress responsive miRNAs from H. brasiliensis that show stronger association with cold tolerance. Next generation sequencing using Illumina HiSeq method revealed the expression of 21 and 29 conserved miRNA (from clone RRIM 600) families in cold-stressed and control samples, respectively. Forty-two novel miRNAs were identified from this study. Upon differential expression analysis, eight conserved miRNAs were found commonly expressed in both the samples. When expression analyses were performed subsequently with six selected miRNAs in two Hevea clones (viz. RRII 105 and RRIM 600), miR169 showed a strong association with cold tolerance. miRNAs such as miR482 and miR159 also exhibited association with cold tolerance. This study suggests the possibility of employing these miRNAs as markers for cold tolerance after validation in more number of genotypes with varying levels of cold tolerance.     

Pleuritis in the Dog Associated with Actinomyces-like Organisms

Abstract— The clinico-pathological and radiological features of two cases of effusive canine pleuritis are presented. In both instances Actinomyces-like organisms were encountered but attempts to culture them (using aerobic and anaerobic methods) were unsuccessful. In one case Salmonella dublin was obtained in cultures at all stages of the investigations. The zoonotic implications of these and simiIar cases are discussed.
Résumé— GL'auteur expose les caractéristiques clinico-pathologiques et radiologiques de la pleurite exsudative, observée chez deux chiens. Dans l'un et l'autre cas ont été décelés des organismes semblables à l'actinomycès, mais les tentatives de culture (en milieu aerobie et anaerobie) ont échoué. Dans l'un des cas, Salmonella dublin a été obtenue à tous les stades de l'investigation. L'auteur examine les aspects zoonotiques des deux cas étudiés et de cas semblables.
Zusammenfassung— Die klinisch-pathologischen und die radiologischen Befunde von zwei Fällen von Pleuritis exsudativa des Hundes werden dargestellt. In beiden Fällen wurden astinomy-cesähnliche Organismen gefunden, aber die Kulturversuche (mit aeroben und anaeroben Methoden) verliefen erfolglos. In einem Fall wurde Salmonella dublin in Kulturen aller Stadien der Untersuchung erhalten. Die zoonotische Bedeutung dieser und ähnlicher Fälle wird besprochen.     

Dysgenesis of the tubal system in an infertile mare karyotype 63,X:64,XY:65,XXY

A Thoroughbred mare, barren during three years at stud, unresponsive to therapy, and not palpably abnormal anatomically was found to have hypoplasia of the uterine tubes after excision at laparotomy. The cause was an unbalanced genotype. The mosaic karyotype, determined on a blood sample, was indispensible in diagnosis and the case extends the potential for cytogenetic prognostic procedures.     

An evaluation of 4 commercially available ELISA kits for the diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs

Serum samples from 100 pound dogs were used to evaluate 4 commercial ELISA kits available for the diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis. The kits were assessed on sensitivity (the ability to identify infected dogs), specificity (the ability to identify uninfected dogs) and accuracy (sensitivity plus specificity). The kits varied in sensitivity from 36% to 86%, in specificity from 44% to 70%, and in accuracy from 53% to 65%. The sensitivity was not affected by the age of the dogs, nor by the number of circulating microfilariae. The kits were most specific when testing the youngest dogs (less than = 3 years). The problems associated with the serological diagnosis of D. immitis infection in practice are discussed.     

OSTEOCHONDROSIS IN THE LATERAL FEMORAL CONDYLES OF A HORSE

Osteochondrosis of the lateral femoral condyles was diagnosed radiographically in an 8-month-old, female Arabian horse, which had been presented with a hindlimb lameness. The diagnosis was confirmed by gross and microscopic pathology. The location of the lesions was considered unusual for osteochondrosis in the horse.