Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity, productive efficiency, and nutritional value of the elephant grass cultivar BRS capiaçu... 相似文献
This study is aimed at determining the maximum inclusion level of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) residues in the diet of goats on intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, and nitrogen (N) balance. Twenty-four crossbred (Boer × undefined breed) castrated goat kids (5 months old and with an initial weight of 23.9?±?0.3 kg) were assigned in a completely randomized design (4 treatments and 6 replicates). Diets consisted of Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) hay as the roughage (400 g/kg) source and concentrate (600 g/kg); the levels of tamarind residue inclusion were 0.0, 7.0, 14.0, and 21.0% on a dry matter (DM) basis. The experimental period lasted 23 days (15 of adaptation and 8 of sampling). Inclusion of tamarind residue in the goat kid diets did not affect (P?>?0.05) the intake and digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total digestible nutrient; intake of N, urinary N, and retained N (g/day); time spent ruminating; numbers of times/day feeding, ruminating, or idling; eating efficiency of DM and NDF; number of boluses/day; and amount (g) of DM/bolus. However, there were a linear reduction in ether extract digestibility (P?=?0.011) and a linear decreasing trend in non-fibrous carbohydrate digestibility (P?=?0.083). The addition of tamarind residue had a positive linear effect (P?=?0.041) on the time spent feeding and promoted a decreasing linear trend for the time spent idling (P?=?0.063). It is recommended to include the residue from tamarind fruit at a level of 21% in diets for goat kids, as it does not affect nutrient intake and digestibility and the N balance.
Summary A survey of Diptera species causing cutaneous myiases on sheep in Botucatu, S?o Paulo, Brazil was made to determine seasonal
incidence, predilection sites and the factors predisposing to infestation. Sheep were checked daily for myiases for one year.
At two week intervals larvae from wounds were collected for identification. Only larvae ofDermatobia hominis andCochliomyia hominivorax were found. Myiases due toC. hominivorax were observed during the whole year with high incidence from January to April. The feet, vulva, tail and scrotum were most
frequently infested. Wounds were the commonest predisposing factor.
Resumen Se realizó un estudio de la especieDiptera involucrada en miasis cutánea en ovejas en Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brasil, con el fin de determinar la incidencia estacional,
sitios de predilección y todos los factores predisponentes a la infestación. Las ovejas se examinaron diariamente por miasis,
durante un a?o, colectandose larvas de las heridas con intervalos de dos semanas, para la identificación. Se encontraron larvas
deDermatobia hominis yCochliomvia hominivorax únicamente. Las miasis causadas porC. hominivorax se observaron durante todo el a?o, con la incidencia más alta desde enero hasta abril. Las patas, vulvas, cola y escroto
fueron los sitios predilectos para la infección, siendo las heridas el factor más predisponente.
Résumé Une étude portant sur les espèces de Diptères à l'origine des myiases cutanées chez le mouton à Botucatu, Brésil, a éte effectuée
pour déterminer l'incidence saisonnière, les sites de prédilection et les facteurs prédisposant à l'infestation. Pendant un
an, des moutons susceptibles d'être atteints de myiases ont été surveillés quotidiennement. A 2 semaines d'intervalle, des
larves provenant de blessures ont été prélevées pour identification. On a seulement trouve des larves deDermatobia hominis et deCochliomyia hominivorax. Les nymphes attribuables àC. hominivorax ont été observées pendant toute l'année, avec une incidence élevée de janvier à avril. Les pattes, la vulve, la queue et
le scrotum étaient les plus fréquemment infestés. Les blessures étaient les facteurs de risque les plus répandus.
Ehrlichia canis has a worldwide geographic distribution, occurring particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. In Brazil, the main vector in urban areas is believed to be the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus, but little is known about the occurrence, transmission and other epidemiological aspects of canine ehrlichiosis in rural areas, where Amblyomma ticks are found more frequently than R. sanguineus. A sero-prevalence study of canine ehrlichiosis was carried out in three distinct rural regions of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Serum samples were collected from 226 dogs living on farms in Lavras (n=85), Belo Horizonte (n=45), and Nanuque (n=96) and were analyzed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test for the detection of anti-Ehrlichia canis antibodies. Age, breed, sex, presence of ticks and packed cell volume were also recorded. There were 65.6% positive dogs in Nanuque, 37.8% in Belo Horizonte, and 24.7% in Lavras. Animals living in Nanuque were 4.6 times more likely to be serologically positive than dogs living in the other two regions and antibody titres were considerable higher in this area. Male dogs, dogs >5 years of age, those infested with ticks, and mongrels all showed higher rates of positivity. The results point to the importance of canine ehrlichiosis in rural areas and indicate the need for further studies on natural transmission and maintenance of the disease. 相似文献
In the present study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the cecum of chickens bred either under intensive (commercial broilers) or extensive (free-range) conditions were isolated, identified and some of their probiotic characteristics determined. The LAB identified by 16S-23S rRNA PCR-ARDRA were mainly of Lactobacillus species and to a lesser extent of Enterococcus spp. for all animals. Free-range chickens showed a higher presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus while Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus johnsonii were more frequently recovered from commercial broilers. Lactobacillus crispatus was found only in commercial broilers, Lactobacillus vaginalis and Lactobacillus agilis only in free-range chickens and Lactobacillus salivarius in both types. Enterococcus isolates from ceca of commercial broilers showed a higher resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Lactobacillus isolates from free-range chickens presented a higher frequency of in vitro antagonistic activity against selected pathogens than from commercial broilers. All LAB isolates had predominantly non-hydrophobic surfaces, but with variations depending on age of the chickens and breeding conditions. Animal breeding caused variation on composition, antimicrobial susceptibility, antagonistic activity and surface hydrophobicity of LAB from chicken cecum. LAB isolates from ceca of free-range chickens have potential as probiotic agents, which may be used in the future as replacing the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters. 相似文献
Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory during the past 3.7 years, we demonstrated a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 6 x 10(19) electron volts and the positions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) lying within approximately 75 megaparsecs. We rejected the hypothesis of an isotropic distribution of these cosmic rays with at least a 99% confidence level from a prescribed a priori test. The correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest-energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation. AGN or objects having a similar spatial distribution are possible sources. 相似文献
Phytoparasitica - Soybean plants are exposed to multiple stresses during development. Co-occurring stresses can activate common defense pathways on plants, increasing end products concentrations,... 相似文献