Thrombolytic Therapy in Dogs and Cats

Objective: To review the thrombolytic agents most commonly used in humans, their mechanisms of action, potential uses, adverse effects, and reports of their use in dogs and cats.
Human data synthesis: Thrombolytic agents avaliable in human medicine include streptokinase, urokinase, tissueplasminogen activator (t-PA), single-chain urokinase plasma activator (scu-PA) and anisoylated plasminogen-strep-tokinase activator complex (APSAC). These agents were originally used for the management of proximal deep vein thrombosis and severe pulmonary embolism but more recently, use of these drugs has been extended to include the treatment of acute peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and acute coronary thrombosis. The most predictable side effect associated with the use of thrombolytic therapy is hemorrhage.
Veterinary data synthesis: Clinical experience with thrombolytic agents in small animals is limited to streptokinase and t-PA. It is possible, that as in humans, canine and feline patients with PTE and right ventricular dysfunction may benefit from thrombolytic therapy but there are no veterinary studies to support this theory to date. Successful use of streptokinase has been documented in a small number of canine patients with systemic thromboembolism. ⁶³ Thrombolytic therapy is relatively efficacious in cats with aortic thromboemboli but is associated with a high mortality rate. ^59,60,64 With regard to use of t-PA in veterinary medicine, the small number of animals treated with varying protocols makes it impossible to provide safe and effective dose recommendations at this time.
Conclusions: Future goals for thrombolytic therapy in veterinary medicine include determination of more specific clinical indications, as well as design of effective protocols that minimize mortality and morbidity.     

表面活性剂强化EDTA络合洗脱污灌土壤中重金属的试验研究

在实验室条件下研究了表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、聚氧乙烯月桂醚(Brij35)和重金属洗脱螯合剂EDTA对土壤中Cd、Pb的解吸去除作用,同时研究了加入SDS和Brij35后对EDTA解吸污染土壤中Cd、Pb作用的影响,并对解吸前后重金属在土壤介质中形态变化进行了测定。结果表明,加入表面活性剂SDS可使EDTA对Cd的解吸量由61.67%增加到79.68%、对Pb的解吸量由57.25%增加到89.65%。在EDTA浓度较小时,加入SDS对Cd、Pb的解吸产生拮抗作用,抑制了EDTA对污染土样中Cd、Pb的解吸;随着EDTA浓度的不断增加,加入SDS与EDTA产生明显的协同增溶作用;表面活性剂Brij35具有相同的增溶作用,但增溶效果不如SDS。比较复配解吸前后重金属形态变化,可溶态、碳酸盐结合态较解吸前减少60%￣90%,大大降低了污灌土壤中重金属的毒性和生物可利用性。试验结果可为利用表面活性剂与EDTA复配提高重金属在土壤介质中的解吸率提供理论依据,并可应用于污灌土壤中重金属的冲洗治理。     

灵芝多糖液体发酵条件优化

从一系列灵芝(Ganoderma sp.)菌种中筛选出多糖产量高、生长快的紫灵芝菌株(G.japoncium),研究了不同氮源、碳源及金属离子对紫灵芝产多糖的影响。结果表明,以2%的蔗糖为碳源,0.2%的豆饼粉为氮源,0.2%的FeSO4为培养基可获得较高多糖。发酵罐放大实验表明,采用同样的培养基,每100mL发酵液胞外粗多糖含量可高达181.7mg,每100mL发酵液菌丝体含量可高达151.0mg,发酵过程中pH值的变化比较缓和,相对摇瓶生长,发酵生产可获得更多的灵芝多糖。     

日本矮生沿阶草在长江中下游地区的引种适应性研究

日本矮生沿阶草(Ophiopogon japonicus(L.f.)Ker.-Gawler)是一种喜湿、耐荫、耐寒的地被植物, 具有耐贫瘠、适应性广、抗逆性强等特点,在园林绿化上有着广阔的应用前景。通过在长江中下游地区连续3年的引种栽培试验,表明日本矮生沿阶草在该地区有较强的适应性,本文还对其快速繁育技术进行了阐述。     

牛场地表土壤中芽孢杆菌的分离与鉴定

以呼和浩特市某牛场地表土壤为研究对象,通过传统的微生物培养方法和基于16S r RNA基因序列的新型分子生物学方法对其中的微生物进行了分析。结果显示在牛场地表土壤中共鉴定出蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis)、产芽孢梭菌(Clostridium sporogenes)、纯黄肠球菌(Enterococcus gilvus)和拜氏梭菌(Clostridium beijerinckii)共40株,并通过16S r RNA基因序列的系统发育树研究得到蜡样芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌这三种优势芽孢杆菌之间的亲缘关系。该研究为后续开发应用于无抗饲料添加剂和生物农药的绿色、安全、高效的益生芽孢杆菌微生态制剂提供一定的数据基础。     

马铃薯新品种冀张薯24号的选育研究

冀张薯24号是由冀张薯8号作母本、ELLES作父本配制杂交组合,经系谱法选育而成的马铃薯新品种。该品种属晚熟加工型,植株直立,长势强且整齐,茎绿色,叶深绿色,花冠紫色,薯型卵圆形,浅黄皮白肉,薯皮微麻,芽眼浅。干物质含量20.82%,淀粉含量15.14%,还原糖含量0.26%,粗蛋白含量2.69%,维生素C含量265.6mg·kg^-1。抗PVY、PVX、PLRV、PVA、PVM病毒病,中抗晚疫病、早疫病。2018年8月30日通过中华人民共和国农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,登记编号:GPD马铃薯(2018)130077。     

MD病毒抗独特型抗体的研制

制备鸡马立克氏病病毒(MDV)抗独特型抗体(Ab2),探讨Ab2模拟抗原诱导免疫应答的能力.用MDV免疫SPF鸡,分离提纯鸡抗MD-IgG(Ab1),Ab1免疫BALB/C鼠,用鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞制备Ab2杂交瘤细胞株,间接ELISA筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株,经克隆、纯化2×株抗MDV独特型抗体杂交瘤细胞株(6E5,7A12),其中6E5培养上清、腹水ELISA效价分别为4000×、10000×,免疫20 d攻毒,具有抗MDV感染保护.     

乙烯对匍匐翦股颖ISR抗病反应中AsA-GSH循环及胼胝质沉积的影响

以匍匐翦股颖品种“Penn-A4”为试验材料,侵染立枯丝核菌后,经丁二醇(BDO)诱导产生系统抗性(ISR),喷施不同浓度的乙烯合成抑制剂氯化钴(CoCl₂)和促进剂1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(ACC)后,检测抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环中抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及相关酶活性的变化,并观察匍匐翦股颖ISR反应中胼胝质沉积的变化。结果表明,乙烯抑制剂处理下,匍匐翦股颖幼苗中AsA含量较低,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性下降,大量GSH被催化还原为氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG),GSSG大量积累,同时谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性较低,GSSG经GR少量还原为GSH。乙烯促进剂处理下,AsA含量较高,APX活性升高,GSSG在高活性GR作用下催化还原为GSH,使得GSH大量积累。因此在匍匐翦股颖ISR抗病反应中,高浓度乙烯促进AsA和GSH的大量积累,它们不仅参与了活性氧的代谢平衡,同时也作为信号分子在ISR抗病反应中起着重要作用。匍匐翦股颖感染褐斑病后,胼胝质主要沉积在厚壁细胞、韧皮部、木质部和表皮组织,其中厚壁细胞胼胝质沉积最多,表皮组织沉积最少。此外,胼胝质沉积面积在不同乙烯信号分子处理间存在差异,但随着处理时间的延长差异不显著。一定浓度的乙烯对ISR反应中胼胝质的沉积具有一定的影响,随着处理时间的延长显著增加,在100 μmol·L^-1ACC处理5 d后,胼胝质沉积总面积仅为9.916 mm²,处理10 d后升至最高,为38.396 mm²,但在病害侵染后期,胼胝质数量减少,在100 μmol·L^-1ACC处理15 d后,胼胝质沉积总面积降至20.052 mm²,反映了乙烯信号分子对胼胝质沉积的影响是一种短期效应,短期内可提高匍匐翦股颖植株抗病性,具有信号分子的短时效特点。研究结果为探清匍匐翦股颖ISR抗病响应中ET信号分子如何调控抗病生理特性提供了理论基础。     

非典型犬瘟热病毒核衣壳蛋白基因序列分析及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

为分析当地非典型犬瘟热病毒(CDV)核衣壳蛋白(N)基因的序列特征及其表达产物的抗原性,根据已发表CDV的N基因序列设计引物,用RT-PCR方法从引起非典型症状的CDV细胞培养物中扩增N基因,进行克隆和序列分析,结果表明:该非典型CDV的N基因与已发表的12个CDV强毒株的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性分别在96.6%～99.2%和97.9%～99.4%之间,与已发表的4个CDV疫苗弱毒株的同源性分别在93.2%～93.6%和96.4%～97.5%之间;在N基因系统发育进化树上,非典型CDV与12个强毒株处在同一亚群,而且与9个中国分离毒株的亲缘关系近于3个国外毒株。N基因在大肠杆菌中表达的重组N蛋白的分子量为62 ku,主要以包涵体的形式存在;用western blot分析,重组N蛋白可与CDV阳性血清发生特异性反应;以纯化的重组N蛋白为抗原建立的CDV抗体间接ELISA检测方法具有良好的特异性。     

COMPARISON OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND RADIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS OF CANINE PROSTATE DIMENSIONS

The purposes of this study were to: 1) compare prostatic dimensions measured on radiographic and ultrasonographic images and 2) compare a subjective radiographic assessment of prostate size with a previously-described objective method. Thirty-four male dogs undergoing investigation of prostatic disorders were used. Prostate length and depth were measured from ultrasonographic and radiographic images. A subjective assessment of prostate size ('small', 'normal', or 'enlarged') was made in 29 animals by one of the authors who was unaware of radiographic or ultrasonographic measurements. In addition, the distance from sacral promontory to the pubic brim was also measured. A prostate length or depth of >70% of this distance was defined as 'enlarged' and <70% as 'normal'. After the effects of magnification on radiographic measurements were eliminated, there were no significant differences between prostatic length measured by the two methods. However, a significant difference was obtained between prostatic depth measurements. The subjective assessment agreed with a previously described objective assessment of prostatic size in 21/29 dogs for prostate length but in only 12/29 for depth. Prostatic length varied from 46.6 to 116.4% (mean 75.7%) of the distance from the pubic brim to the sacral promontory. Prostatic depth varied from 33.0% to 94.6% (mean 59.7%) of the same distance. It is recommended that prostate length, rather than depth, be used when evaluating prostate size from lateral abdominal radiographs.