The role of mesoscale tracer transports in the global ocean circulation

Ocean models routinely used in simulations of the Earth's climate do not resolve mesoscale eddies because of the immense computational cost. A new parameterization of the effects of these eddies has been implemented in a widely used model. A comparison of its solution with that of the conventional parameterization shows significant improvements in the global temperature distribution, the poleward and surface heat fluxes, and the locations of deep-water formation.     

The design and use of a device to detect deer pedicle growth

The design, construction and use of a device to detect changes in deer pedicle volume are described. The device is highly sensitive for detecting the initiation of pedicle growth. Between-sample differences of 170 mm3 in the pedicle volume of live deer were detected (triplicate measurements) using the detector; these correspond to a change in height of the pedicle of at most 0.67 mm. The within sample coefficient of variation was 1.4%. The pedicle growth detector enables more precise measurements to be obtained for identifying the onset of pedicle development to the nearest week than is currently possible with palpation.