Primary hepatic carcinoid (APUD cell carcinoma) in the cat

The clinical and pathological features of a case of primary hepatic carcinoid in a cat are described. It is believed that this is the first recorded case of such a tumour in cats.     

PSEUDOCHYLOUS EFFUSION IN A CAT WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY

SUMMARY A case of pseudochylous thoracic effusion associated with feline cardiomyopathy is described. At necropsy there was no evidence of structural damage to the thoracic duct or other major lymphatic vessels. The literature covering this syndrome was reviewed and it was concluded that the thoracic effusion may have been associated with congestive heart failure and interference with drainage of the thoracic duct into the anterior vena cava.     

Une technique ELISA pour la detection des anticorps anti-virus maedi-visna. Etude comparative avec l'immunodiffusion en gelose et la fixation du complement

An indirect microELISA test was performed for detection of maedi-visna antibodies in ovine and caprine species. The antigen consisted in viral particles, highly purified by successive ultracentrifugations.By comparative testing of 934 sera in ELISA and gel immunodiffusion, we found a good correlation between these two teṡts, and moreover, ELISA revealed another 11.3% of positive samples. The precocity of this ELISA was shown by experimental infection of sheep with different strains of maedi-visna: positive sera were detected 7 weeks post-infection, instead 4–5 months with gel immunodiffusion. The complement fixation test was compared with gel immunodiffusion and was found the less sensitive.This ELISA test appeared to be satisfactory, and may be used for early diagnosis of maedi-visna infection.     

Radiographic characterization of diaphragmatic excursion in halothane anesthetized ponies: Effect of mode of ventilation and muscle paralysis

A radiographic technique was used to identify and characterize segmental diaphragmatic movement in anesthetized ponies breathing spontaneously and with controlled ventilation with and without muscle relaxant-induced paralysis. Paralyzed mechanically ventilated ponies were also studied at varying peak inspiratory pressures. Controlled ventilation induced a change in pattern of diaphragmatic displacement which was accentuated by paralysis and increased inspiratory pressure. In conclusion, these results indicate that uneven distribution of inspired gases is not corrected by mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, increased tidal volume during mechanical ventilation is largely wasted because this increased volume is distributed principally to the poorly perfused nondependent lung. Thus, while mechanical ventilation can alleviate hypoventilation, i.e., will decrease P_aCO₂, it will be of limited value in relieving arterial hypoxemia due to venous admixture in anesthetized patients.     

Ear temperatures in the horse during recovery from anesthesia

Ear temperatures were measured during and after halothane anesthesia in 16 horses and ponies. Aural hypothermia developed during recovery and persisted for more than one hour following standing. The decreased ear temperature was attributed to decreased peripheral perfusion and was considered to be related to other cardio-pulmonary and neuro-endocrine derangements that occur during recovery.     

Bovine herpesvirus-1 vaccination against experimental bovine herpesvirus-1 and Pasteurella haemolytica respiratory tract infection: onset of protection

The onset of protection offered by intranasal vaccination with attenuated bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) was studied in 18 calves given a virulent BHV-1 aerosol challenge inoculum and an aerosol challenge exposure to Pasteurella haemolytica. Calves challenge exposed with virus 3, 7, 11, 15, or 19 days after vaccination and challenge exposed 4 days later with Pasteurella haemolytica did not develop viral-bacterial pneumonia, whereas 2 of 3 control calves died of fibrinous bronchopneumonia 40 and 60 hours after the bacterial aerosol and the 3rd control calf had similar lesions. All vaccinated and control calves had detectable amounts of interferon at the time of viral challenge exposure. Protection was observed before detection of neutralizing antibodies to BHV-1 in nasal secretions or in serum. Protection was therefore present from day 3 through day 19 after vaccination, but the mechanism could not be explained completely by neutralizing antibody or interferon.     

Influence of maternal antibody on efficacy of embryo vaccination with cell-associated and cell-free Marek's disease vaccine

Vaccination with turkey herpesvirus (HVT) of 18-day-old chicken embryos from a commercial source or from a cross (15 X 7) of two inbred lines induced better protection against early post-hatch challenge with virulent Marek's disease virus (MDV) than vaccination at hatch, despite the presence in embryos of maternally derived antibodies to HVT or to HVT and MDV. However, 50%-protective-dose (PD50) assays revealed that maternal antibodies in embryos reduced vaccine efficacy. The PD50 assays were conducted by vaccinating 15 X 7 embryos with serial dilutions of HVT at the 18th day of incubation. Embryonally vaccinated and unvaccinated chicks were challenged with MDV on the day of hatch. In the absence of maternal antibodies, the PD50 values in plaque-forming units for cell-associated and cell-free HVT were 57 and 328, respectively. In the presence of maternal antibodies, PD50 values for cell-associated and cell-free HVT were 105 and greater than 4,000, respectively.