Patterns of Nitrogen Excretion by Embryonic Softshell Turtles (Trionyx spiniferus) Developing in Cleidoic Eggs

Embryonic softshell turtles develop inside eggs exchanging little, if any, liquid water with the nest environment. Despite the consequent restriction on availability of water to support development, embryos convert most of the ammonia released in catabolism of proteins into soluble urea rather than insoluble urate, and thereby commit a portion of their limited reserve of water to serve as solvent for metabolic wastes. This finding is contrary to expectations from prior studies of cleidoic eggs.     

The Management of Prostaglandin-controlled Breeding Programs in Beef Cattle - A Five Year Study

A herd of 180 beef cows was synchronized with prostaglandin and bred by artifical insemination for five successive years. Factors influencing the success or failure of estrus synchronizing programs were identified, including the management of nutrition, postpartum interval, cow age and artificial insemination technology. Specific recommendations on the management of prostaglandin-controlled breeding programs resulted in improving the pregnancy rates from 33% in year 1 to 67% in year 5. Improved management and close veterinary supervision were shown to improve the success of an estrus synchronization program.