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11.
The link between international trade, animal health and epidemiology has been recognized for a long time and has taken an additional importance in the aftermath of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and of the inception of the World Trade Organization. The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures of the World Trade Organization demands that sanitary and phytosanitary measures be scientifically based, placing epidemiology at the center of decisions related animal health and trade. This paper analyses the interactions between international trade of animals (and animal products) and epidemiology with discussion on the inputs of epidemiology in surveillance, risk analysis and regionalization. 相似文献
12.
The growth in organic and local foods consumption has been examined using two different approaches to identify characteristics and motivations of food shoppers: market segmentation and economic models using multivariate analysis. The former approach, based on Means-end Chain theory, examines how intrinsic characteristics of foods affect food choices. The latter microeconomic approach examines economic constraints and extrinsic factors. This study demonstrates value in combining the two approaches to generate better empirical predictions of who buys organic and local food. It also supports a broader theoretical framework to explain behavior in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Using US data, an adaptation of the Food Related Lifestyle model yields four consumer lifestyles segmented by intrinsic motivations related to food. Each consumer segment exhibits distinct organic and local foods consumption behaviors. A multinomial logit model is estimated to examine the probability of being in one of these four groups as a function of extrinsic variables and economic constraints. In support of Alphabet theory and Regulatory Focus theory, we find that inclusion of extrinsic factors improves prediction of behavior and the ability to explain why they buy organic and local foods. The extrinsic variables that significantly increase the probability of being in a particular consumer food lifestyle segment include: environmental concerns, health practices, race, the presence of a farmers’ market, and to a lesser degree, family composition and income. We also find regulatory focus is most pronounced among the most active organic and local food shoppers. 相似文献
13.
Lydia Zepeda 《Agriculture and Human Values》2018,35(1):243-254
This is a community based research project using a case study of 20 people living in middle America who are food insecure, but do not use food pantries. The participants’ rate of actual hunger is twice that of food insecure community members who use food pantries. Since most of the participants are not poor, the Asset Vulnerability Framework (AVF) is used to classify causes of food insecurity. The purpose of the study is to identify why participants are food insecure and why they do not use food pantries. Findings reveal that the participants restrict the quality and quantity of food eaten as a strategy to manage their budget. Following AVF, this strategy allows them to offset lower returns to labor assets, cover rising costs of human capital investment, protect their two most important productive assets of housing and transportation, and compensate for household relationships that increase their vulnerability. In addition, food insecurity itself inhibited social capital formation, further increasing vulnerability. The main reasons the participants do not use food pantries is to protect their social capital assets: almost all of the participants hid their hunger from colleagues, friends, relatives, and even the people they lived with. The participants described fear of societal shaming and blaming as motivations for hiding their hunger. However, using food pantries could reduce their food insecurity. Therefore, there was a feedback loop between food insecurity and social capital: food insecurity reduced social capital and efforts to protect social capital prevented participants from improving food security by using food pantries. 相似文献
14.
This is the story of Slow Food University of Wisconsin (SFUW), a student organization that grew from one woman’s idea to a community of over 3200 people dedicated to making sustainable, fairly produced, delicious food accessible in a small city, with a big university, in the heart of the United States. Along the way SFUW has fostered new ideas, developed skills, and built relationships through conscious food procurement, cooking and eating. This essay describes the evolution of the organization and its four projects: Family Dinner Night, South Madison, Outreach and the Café. It hasn’t always been easy, but it’s always been delicious. 相似文献
15.
This study examines parents’ perspectives on their children working on their family dairy farms in Wisconsin. The objective
of this focus group study is (1) to gain insights on why children work on their family farms, (2) to identify those benefits
that parents perceive that they and their children gain from their children working on-farm, (3) to determine the concerns
that parents have about their children working, (4) to identify ways to improve the safety of children on family farms, and
(5) to understand how US agricultural policy impacts family decisions to use their children’s labor on their farms. The two
focus groups reveal that fathers and mothers have different concerns and different perceptions regarding the benefits gained
from having their children work on farms. The findings suggest that in response to US agricultural policy, parents are increasingly
reliant upon their children’s labor. Children work the longest hours on economically stressed farms.
Lydia Zepeda is a fellow of the Center for World Affairs and the Global Economy and professor of Consumer Science at the University of
Wisconsin-Madison. She earned her MS and PhD in Agricultural Economics at the University of California at Davis. Her research
interests include agricultural technology adoption, risk perceptions, household decision-making, and consumer food demand.
Jongsoog Kim is a research fellow at Korea Women’s Development Institute in Seoul, Korea. She earned her PhD in Human Ecology at the University
of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research interests include gender economics, labor supply of women and children, intrahousehold
resource allocation, and consumer policies. 相似文献
16.
Vicente Vega Andrea Zepeda Saúl Ramírez Vladimir Morales Pomposo Fernández Roberto Montes de Oca Fernando M Guerra-Infante María de Jesús de Haro-Cruz Patrick J Blackall Edgardo V Soriano 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(3):353-355
In the present study, the hemagglutinating activity of 9 reference strains (serovars A-I) of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was investigated by using fresh erythrocytes from 15 different species: chicken (broiler, rooster, hen), turkey, pigeon, quail, duck, Harris hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), cow, sheep, horse, dog, rabbit, pig, human (groups A, B, AB, and O), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). All 9 strains agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes. None of the strains was able to agglutinate hen, cow, horse, or rainbow trout erythrocytes. The number of positive reactions among the remaining species varied. Results indicate that the use of rabbit erythrocytes is better suited for testing the hemagglutinating activity of O. rhinotracheale. 相似文献
17.
Histopathologic findings in chickens experimentally infected with Gallibacterium anatis by nasal instillation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zepeda VA Calderón-Apodaca NL Paasch ML Martín PG Paredes DA Ramírez-Apolinar S Soriano-Vargas E 《Avian diseases》2010,54(4):1306-1309
Histologic findings in chickens experimentally infected by nasal instillation with reference strains of Gallibacterium anatis are described. No clinical signs were observed in experimentally infected birds; however, sequential histologic examinations of trachea, lung, air sacs, and liver revealed lesions in all infected chickens. Our observations suggest that the reference strains of G. anatis used in this experiment are capable of causing primary infection in chickens. Despite that the experimental birds were inoculated by intranasal route, lesions were detected in the liver, suggesting a probable bacteremia. Because several degrees of severity were established in histopathologic lesions, probable variations in virulence, among the experimental strains, also are discussed. 相似文献