德菲尔法构建重大动物疫病预警指标体系

[目的 ]构建重大动物疫病暴发流行预警指标体系。[方法 ]以禽流感和口蹄疫为例,采用文献调研法和德菲尔专家咨询法中的专家会议法初拟重大动物疫病预警体系的框架和指标;应用德菲尔专家咨询法评价预警指标的重要性、可操作性;应用组合权重法比较各指标综合影响的大小,并将指标分类。[结果 ]筛选出禽流感和口蹄疫预警预报一级指标6项(易感动物、饲养管理和免疫情况等)以及二级指标14项(免疫效果、环境消毒、温度等),并将指标分为三类(关键指标、重要指标和一般指标)。[结论 ]初步构建了重大动物疫病暴发流行预警指标体系。     

新疆边境跨界动物疫病传入风险因素调查

新疆地域辽阔,周边国家动物疫情形势复杂,随时有传入外来动物疫病的危险。调查结果表明新疆接壤国家多且边境线长,地理环境复杂,动物及动物产品贸易频繁,野生动物种类繁多,虽然边界线隔离设施较好,但仍然存在跨界动物疫病传入的风险因素,需要有针对性地强化边境防控措施。     

1990—1997年青海省家畜布鲁氏菌病疫情动态观察

应用血清学和病原学诊断方法于１９９０～１９９７年对全省１９个县（市）家畜布病进行疫情观察。结果表明：牛羊血清学的阳性率０．４７％与考核时０．３５％相比无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;在病原学方面分离出９株布氏菌,经鉴定为牛种第三生物型,基本摸清了我省家畜中目前流行的主要菌型及分布情况     

诊断桑树黄化型萎缩病的新方法

本文探讨利用瑞氏染色法和旦尼氏染色法诊断桑树黄化型萎缩病的可能性。试验结果表明,用此方法,在病株枝条或主根的横切面上,韧皮部的病原寄生部位被染成兰色或青色,呈阳性反应,健株组织切片的韧皮部则不着色,呈阴性反应。可作为桑黄化型萎缩病病株的实验诊断手段。     

Effects of contact dermatitis on hepatic gene expression in broilers

1.?Severe foot and hock dermatitis in broiler chickens can reduce growth rate and increase susceptibility to bacterial infection, affecting both profitability and welfare. However, little is known about the underlying physiological changes associated with foot and hock lesions.

2.?This study compared global hepatic gene expression in control birds and those with ammonia-induced foot and hock lesions using Agilent 44?K chicken oligonucleotide microarrays (8 birds per group).

3.?In total, 417 genes were differentially expressed of which 174 could be mapped onto the genome. Genes associated with energy metabolism, thyroid hormone activity and cellular control were affected, while there was also evidence of an up-regulation of genes linked to a pro-inflammatory response.

4.?It is conceivable that pain is the underlying cause for the observed changes in energy metabolism genes.

5.?Changes in hepatic gene expression provide new information on how a chicken's physiological mechanisms alter to cope with foot and hock lesions. The findings support other data indicating that birds with increased severity of lesions are likely to be in pain and that growth will be compromised. Reduction of the incidence of dermatitis by improved husbandry should therefore benefit both welfare and commercial performance.     

水分胁迫对爱宕梨渗透调节的影响

以二年生爱宕梨盆栽幼树为试材 ,研究水分胁迫对爱宕梨渗透调节的影响。结果表明 ,在水分胁迫下 ,随着土壤含水量的降低 ,梨树叶片组织相对含水量下降 ,叶水势增加。梨树在水分胁迫下具有一定的渗透调节能力 ,随着胁迫程度的增加 ,渗透调节物质K+ 含量和可溶性糖含量上升 ,当达到一定浓度后 ,诱发脯氨酸和游离氨基酸的大量生成。但水分胁迫超过一定程度后 ,细胞膜透性增加 ,原生质遭受破坏 ,植株枯死。     

高丹草+箭筈豌豆混合饲粮对绵羊养分表观消化率和气体代谢的影响

本研究采用单因素完全随机设计,将12只体重相近、体况良好、6月龄的杂交公羊,随机分为两个处理,每个处理6只羊,分别饲喂两种饲粮[单一高丹草(Sorghum bicolor×S. sudanense)饲粮和高丹草与箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)混合饲粮],分析了以高丹草饲粮为基础添加一定比例箭筈豌豆(高丹草∶箭筈豌豆=2∶1)对牧草表观消化率以及家畜产气的影响。结果表明:以高丹草+箭筈豌豆饲喂羔羊时干物质采食量、中性洗涤纤维和粗蛋白消化率显著高于高丹草组(P <0.05);干物质消化率和酸性洗涤纤维消化率无明显差异(P> 0.05)。说明高丹草与箭筈豌豆组合改善饲粮的适口性,提高了饲草的表观消化率。     

Identification and characterization of IgA1 protease from Streptococcus suis

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent. However, the current understanding of the S. suis pathogenesis of infection remains limited. In the present study, an IgA1 protease of S. suis was identified for the first time. The protein was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified recombinant protein showed good cleaving reactivity to IgA1 and was highly immunoreactive to convalescent sera. The gene was found to exist in most pathogenic strains but scarcely in non-invasive isolates. These findings suggested that the IgA1 protease might play an important role in the pathogenesis of S. suis.     

不同氮效率紫花苜蓿叶特征及其产量效应研究

为探讨不同氮效率紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)叶特征差异及其对产量的影响,本研究采用田间小区试验,设4个不同氮效率紫花苜蓿品种('LW6010'、'甘农3号'、'甘农7号'和'陇东苜蓿')和2个施氮处理(0,103.5 kg·hm-2),对比研究不同氮效率紫花苜蓿的叶特征及其生产性能,并采用通径分析法探讨叶...     

奶牛酮病红细胞膜上ATP酶活性变化的研究

为了深入研究酮病的发生机理,选择荷斯坦奶牛作为实验动物,应用酮粉法和改良式水杨醛比色法随机检测分组,Ⅰ组为10头对照牛、Ⅱ组为10 头阳性牛。应用试剂盒比色法测定红细胞膜上ATPase 的活性变化。结果表明,阳性组和对照组相比,红细胞膜上ATPase的活性显著下降(P <0.05)。说明奶牛酮病影响红细胞膜上ATPase的活性变化。