海带岩藻聚糖及其级分在氧化应激条件下对肉鸡巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响

【目的】在氧化应激条件下,研究海带岩藻聚糖及其级分对肉鸡巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响,初步探讨海带岩藻聚糖及其级分的免疫调节功能与抗氧化作用的关系。【方法】以叔丁基过氧化氢（tBOOH）为活性氧诱导剂,加入肉鸡腹腔巨噬细胞培养液中,测定细胞培养液中抗氧化酶的变化,巨噬细胞分泌一氧化氮（NO）、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶（iNOS）、以及细胞因子IL-1和TFN-α等免疫指标的变化。【结果】用tBOOH处理后的巨噬细胞,细胞存活率显著下降（P＜0.05）,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和丙二醛（MDA）显著升高（P＜0.05）,SOD和GSH-Px酶活性显著降低（P＜0.05）。巨噬细胞的吞噬活性显著降低（P＜0.05）,NO、iNOS和呼吸爆发显著降低（P＜0.05）,细胞因子IL-1分泌量显著下降（P＜0.05）,表明细胞出现明显的氧化损伤。在培养液中加入海带岩藻聚糖及其级分,能够缓解细胞的氧化应激,使得细胞存活率上升,LDH和MDA降低,SOD和GSH-Px升高,免疫指标均有不同程度的恢复。【结论】海带岩藻聚糖及其级分具有抗氧化活性,不同级分的抗氧化活性存在差异,其中级分Ⅲ、级分Ⅳ的作用较强。海带岩藻聚糖对巨噬细胞的免疫促进作用与其抗氧化活性有关。     

2株广西鹅源基因XII型新城疫病毒的病原学分析

【目的】深入了解2株广西鹅源基因XII型新城疫病毒(NDV)的病原学特征,为NDV流行分布的系统监测和新城疫(ND)的科学防控提供参考依据。【方法】对2株广西鹅源基因XII型NDV(Goose/China/GX02/2018和Goose/China/GX17/2018)进行病毒噬斑纯化,通过致死鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)和脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)试验确定其致病性,分析F蛋白和HN蛋白氨基酸序列与参考毒株的差异位点,并基于F基因全长进行遗传进化分析。【结果】经过DF-1细胞4个代次噬斑纯化可获得2株分离株的纯化株,对应的MDT分别为54和48 h,ICPI均为1.65。2株分离株的基因组长度均为15192 nt,其3’端引导序列为55 nt,5’端尾随序列为114 nt;基于F基因核苷酸序列相似性构建的基因XII型NDV系统发育进化树显示,2株分离株(Goose/China/GX02/2018和Goose/China/GX17/2018)均属于基因XIIb亚型,与我国广东分离株属于同一基因亚型,且我国2010年的分离株、2011年的分离株及2017年后的分离株分别形成3个小分支。2株...     

沙芥愈伤组织培养的初步研究

采用沙芥种子作为无菌外植体来源时,以0.1升汞消毒10～12min的效果较好.下胚轴和子叶均在MS+2,4-D 0.01 mg·L-1+NAA 2 mg·L-1+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+3.0蔗糖+0.5琼脂(pH5.8)中可诱导出愈伤组织.愈伤组织的最佳继代培养基为MS+NAA 2mg·L-1+KT0.5 mg·L-1+3.0蔗糖+0.5琼脂(pH5.8).     

The evolution of agriculture in ants

Cultivation of fungi for food by fungus-growing ants (Attini: Formicidae) originated about 50 million years ago. The subsequent evolutionary history of this agricultural symbiosis was inferred from phylogenetic and population-genetic patterns of 553 cultivars isolated from gardens of "primitive" fungus-growing ants. These patterns indicate that fungus-growing ants succeeded at domesticating multiple cultivars, that the ants are capable of switching to novel cultivars, that single ant species farm a diversity of cultivars, and that cultivars are shared occasionally between distantly related ant species, probably by lateral transfer between ant colonies.     

大果沙棘全光照喷雾嫩枝扦插育苗试验

在全光照自动喷雾条件下,对大果沙棘嫩枝插条采用IBA、NAA、ABT-l号、ABT-2号4种植物生长调节剂,各3种浓度梯度的浸泡处理2 h,可明显促进插条生根。在供试的13种处理中,IBA 100 m g.L-1处理效果最好,生根率可达到98.8%。     

Effect of Alkali Stress on Soluble Sugar, Antioxidant Enzymes and Yield of Oat

Alkali stress can cause severe crop damage and reduce production. However, physiological processes involved in alkali stress in oat seedlings are not well understood. In this study, physiological responses and yield of oat to alkali stress were studied using the alkali-tolerant oat genotype Vao-9 and the alkali-sensitive oat genotype Baiyan 5. The results were: (i) low concentrations of alkali stress (25 and 50 mmol L-1) significantly reduced the yield and grain weight while increased the oat grain number per spike. A negative correlation between yield and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at the jointing and grain filling stages and positive correlations between yield on one hand and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities on the other at the jointing stage were observed. There was a positive correlation between MDA and soluble sugar at the grain filling stage; (ii) soluble sugar content was increased at the jointing and grain filling stages and decreased at the heading stage by alkali stress; (iii) alkali stress increased the SOD activity during the heading and grain filling stages, and increased the POD activity at the heading stage. As compared to the control, the increase of MDA contents in alkali-treated oat was observed, during the jointing, heading and grain filling stages; (iv) under alkali stress, the oat genotype Vao-9 showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower soluble sugar contents during the heading stage, and lower MDA contents than those in the oat genotype Baiyan 5 under alkali stress. The result suggested that the high ROS scavenging capacity and soluble sugar levels might play roles in oat response to alkali stress.     

成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）研究进展

介绍了成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）的种类和作用机理。同时,对国内外对FGF在胚胎发育、器官形成及毛囊发育过程中的作用等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

pGRF基因质粒对猪生长性能及血液指标的影响

研究猪生长激素释放因子(pGRF)基因质粒对猪生长性能和血液指标的影响,选用24头大白×长白二元杂交去势公猪(平均体质量17.25±0.62 kg),随机分为4个处理,每处理6个重复,分别经臀部注射0、4、6和8 mg的pGRF基因质粒.结果表明:pGRF基因质粒对猪不同生长阶段的影响不同,注射pGRF基因质粒后1～8周效果好于9～15周且促生长效果与剂量有关.整个试验期以6 mg效果最佳,日增体质量(ADG)和耗料增重比(F/G)较对照组分别提高8.02%(P<0.05)和降低7.64%(P<0.05).注射4和6 mg pGRF基因质粒能显著提高猪血液中生长激素的浓度(P<0.05).在注射pGRF基因质粒105 d后,血液中血糖、血清尿素氮和甘油三酯与对照组无显著差异.     

Hydrogen radicals, nitrogen radicals, and the production of O3 in the upper troposphere

The concentrations of the hydrogen radicals OH and HO2 in the middle and upper troposphere were measured simultaneously with those of NO, O3, CO, H2O, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons, and with the ultraviolet and visible radiation field. The data allow a direct examination of the processes that produce O3 in this region of the atmosphere. Comparison of the measured concentrations of OH and HO2 with calculations based on their production from water vapor, ozone, and methane demonstrate that these sources are insufficient to explain the observed radical concentrations in the upper troposphere. The photolysis of carbonyl and peroxide compounds transported to this region from the lower troposphere may provide the source of HOx required to sustain the measured abundances of these radical species. The mechanism by which NO affects the production of O3 is also illustrated by the measurements. In the upper tropospheric air masses sampled, the production rate for ozone (determined from the measured concentrations of HO2 and NO) is calculated to be about 1 part per billion by volume each day. This production rate is faster than previously thought and implies that anthropogenic activities that add NO to the upper troposphere, such as biomass burning and aviation, will lead to production of more O3 than expected.