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Our earlier research on the photochlorination of some organics suspended in solutions of aqueous Cl? codissolved with anionic NO x ? is extended to systems comprising either bromides or iodides, and NO 3 ? . It is found that the bromide-containing systems follow, under both artificial UV and sunlight, overall reaction patterns quite similar to those of chlorides although the rate term which stands for the bromination of organics is larger and directly proportional to light intensities. Solutions containing iodides also follow a similar overall pattern but the first rate term is now proportional to the square of light intensity. However, they react liberating detectable amounts of iodine which thereafter attack the hydrocarbon. This excess of elementary iodine is thus found to be either dissolved in or adsorbed by the organic; it furthermore also dissolves and becomes complexed in the aqueous phase.  相似文献   
54.
This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.  相似文献   
55.
We considered whether ecological restoration using high diversity of native tree species serves to restore nitrogen dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We measured δ15N and N content in green foliage and soil; vegetation N:P ratio; and soil N mineralization in a preserved natural forest and restored forests of ages 21 and 52 years. Green foliage δ15N values, N content, N:P ratio, inorganic N and net mineralization and nitrification rates were all higher, the older the forest. Our findings indicate that the recuperation of N cycling has not been achieved yet in the restored forests even after 52 years, but show that they are following a trajectory of development that is characterized by their N cycling intensity becoming similar to a natural mature forest of the same original forest formation. This study demonstrated that some young restored forests are more limited by N compared to mature natural forests. We document that the recuperation of N cycling in tropical forests can be achieved through ecological restoration actions.  相似文献   
56.
The allergenicity of seed storage proteins, the major components of edible legume seeds, may cause serious reactions in both children and adult population. Updated methodologies for evaluation of the activity of these proteins are needed. In this paper we used two-dimensional (2D) electrophoretic techniques to investigate the immuno-cross-reactivities of anti Ara h 3 basic subunit IgG to the seed proteomes of three legume species, namely, peanut, soybean, and lupin. The seed proteins, extracted with two different procedures, were separated by 2D electrophoresis, and the electrophoretic maps were analyzed by Western blot. In peanut proteome the antibodies strongly reacted with the 23 kDa polypeptides, corresponding to Ara h 3 basic isoforms, the antigen they were raised to, and three unidentified acidic polypeptides near 45 kDa. Remarkable cross-reactivities with lupin and soybean Ara h 3 homologous polypeptides and nonrelated proteins, namely, lupin conglutin gamma and soybean Bg7S, were detected. Therefore, these proteins may be regarded as new putative allergens. The present findings show the potentiality of 2D electrophoresis in the identification of food allergens and open the way to the traceability of the new cross-reacting proteins in the food chain.  相似文献   
57.
ABSTRACT

Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) cause enormous yield reductions in vegetable crops. While nematicides are the most effective method for controlling RKN in carrot (Dacatus carota), the efficacy of non-fumigant nematicides, compared to fumigants, is still not fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1,3-dichloropropene, a fumigant nematicide, and fluensulfone, a non-fumigant nematicide, on RKN control and yield of fresh market and processing carrot. Field experiments were conducted in a commercial farm in Lenox, GA. A randomized complete block design (r = 4) was used in a factorial arrangement of 3 nematicide treatments and 2 carrot cultivars. Nematicide treatments were the application of 1,3-dichloropropene, fluensulfone, and untreated control. Carrot cultivars were Baltimore (fresh marketing) and Belgrado (processing). In general, RKN population was low early season, averaging 0.8 RKN 100 cm?3 of soil. RKN populations increased with crop development and there were significant differences among nematicide treatments. At harvest, RKN populations were lower for fluensulfone (1.1 RKN 100 cm?3 of soil) and 1,3-dichloropropene (3.2 RKN 100 cm?3 of soil) compared to Control (26.4 RKN 100 cm?3 of soil); however, fluensulfone (91,278 kg ha?1) had higher yield than 1,3-dichloropropene (64,154 kg ha?1) and Control (61,908 kg ha?1). Carrot cultivars were similar for RKN population and yield. Overall, the non-fumigant nematicide was more beneficial for carrot production than the fumigant nematicide.  相似文献   
58.
Results from examining shellfish collected from ‘safe’ (2–34Escherichia coli/100 mL) and ‘unsafe’ (> 34E. coli/100 mL) waters for the presence ofYersinia enterocolitica and related bacteria are reported. The recovery of these microorganisms was low in bivalve mollusks destined for food consumption, high in those derived from prohibited areas. No human pathogenic bio-serogroup f Yersinia was found during the entire survey.  相似文献   
59.
ABSTRACT

The objective is to determine the growth, yield and chemical characteristics of pearl millet irrigated with different levels of brackish water and organic matter in two cultivation cycles. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement, composed of 4 levels of brackish irrigation (25, 50, 75 and 100% evapotranspiration), 4 levels of organic matter (0, 15, 30 and 45 t ha?1) with 3 repetitions. Along two cultivation cycles, pearl millet crop was analyzed for: plant growth variables, fresh and dry mass production, water-use efficiency, and chemical composition. There was significant interaction between applied water levels and organic matter for lignin in the 2nd cut (P < .05). The number of leaves, number of dead leaves and fresh mass production were influenced by the isolated effect of brackish water levels in cut 1 (P < .05). In turn, fresh mass production, dry mass production, plant height, leaves length, panicle length, fresh mass production, crude protein and ether extract were influenced by the isolated effect of saline water levels in the 2nd cut (P < .05). Growth, biomass production and chemical composition variables in second cut are positively influenced by different brackish irrigation levels under low rainfall conditions.  相似文献   
60.
The dissipation of chemical elements from ash basin effluent was determined by use of neutron activation analysis of sediment, water, plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate samples taken from successive sites through the drainage system. Samples were tested for concentrations of 40 elements for a 12 mo period. Three different modes of dissipation were found. The major mechanism for removal of chemical elements from effluent was sedimentation into the benthic sediment. All biota had greater concentrations of chemicals than did water, with invertebrates having slightly higher levels than did plants and vertebrates. Ten elements were more concentrated in at least one biotic group than in the sediment. Concentrations of six elements in the drainage system exceeded the EPA recommended limits for surface waters. The observed modes of dissipation in this aquatic system emphasize the necessity for stable biotic communities present to permit cycling of chemical elements.  相似文献   
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