全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1793篇 |
免费 | 107篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 159篇 |
农学 | 57篇 |
基础科学 | 31篇 |
418篇 | |
综合类 | 82篇 |
农作物 | 123篇 |
水产渔业 | 230篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 634篇 |
园艺 | 35篇 |
植物保护 | 131篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 50篇 |
2021年 | 72篇 |
2020年 | 60篇 |
2019年 | 74篇 |
2018年 | 72篇 |
2017年 | 67篇 |
2016年 | 72篇 |
2015年 | 69篇 |
2014年 | 95篇 |
2013年 | 139篇 |
2012年 | 137篇 |
2011年 | 164篇 |
2010年 | 78篇 |
2009年 | 91篇 |
2008年 | 87篇 |
2007年 | 105篇 |
2006年 | 91篇 |
2005年 | 66篇 |
2004年 | 67篇 |
2003年 | 62篇 |
2002年 | 43篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1900条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
Marcelino Herrera Cláudia Arag?o Ismael Hachero Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo Luis Vargas-Chacoff Juan Miguel Mancera Luis E. C. Concei??o 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(6):1741-1751
The physiological responses of Senegalese sole to a sudden salinity change were investigated. The fish were first acclimated to an initial salinity of 37.5?ppt for 4?h. Then, one group was subjected to increased salinity (55?ppt) while another group was subjected to decreased salinity (5?ppt). The third group (control group) remained at 37.5?ppt. We measured the oxygen consumption rate, osmoregulatory (plasma osmolality, gill and kidney Na+,K+-ATPase activities) and stress (plasma cortisol and metabolites) parameters 0.5 and 3?h after transfer. Oxygen consumption at both salinities was higher than for the control at both sampling times. Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity was significantly higher for the 55?ppt salinity at 0.5?h. Plasma osmolality decreased in the fish exposed to 5?ppt at the two sampling times but no changes were detected for high salinities. Plasma cortisol levels significantly increased at both salinities, although these values declined in the low-salinity group 3?h after transfer. Plasma glucose at 5?ppt salinity did not vary significantly at 0.5?h but decreased at 3?h, while lactate increased for both treatments at the first sampling time and returned to the control levels at 3?h. Overall, the physiological response of S. senegalensis was immediate and involved a rise in oxygen consumption and plasma cortisol values as well as greater metabolite mobilization at both salinities. 相似文献
992.
Mariana F. Fragoso Monize G. Prado Luciano Barbosa Noeme S. Rocha Luis F. Barbisan 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(3):235-241
A?ai, fruit from Euterpe oleraceae Martius, is consumed in natura and in a variety of beverages and food preparations and possesses several potential antioxidant compounds. In a first study for anticarcinogenicity screening, male Swiss mice (n?=?20/per group) were chemically-induced to urothelial bladder carcinogenesis for 10?weeks and received a standard diet or a standard diet containing 2.5 and 5?% spray-dried a?ai pulp (AP) for 10?weeks. At week 20, the incidence of simple and nodular hyperplasia and the incidence and multiplicity of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) were evaluated. In a second study for antigenotoxicity screening, male Swiss mice (n?=?6/per group) were fed standard diet or standard diet containing 5?% AP for three?weeks. Urothelial cell suspensions were obtained and challenged with H2O2 for induction of DNA damage and analyzed by comet assay. Overall, dietary 5?% AP reduced TCC incidence and multiplicity (p?=?0.019 and p?=?0.015, respectively) and tumor cell proliferation and p63 expression (p?=?0.02 and p?=?0.007, respectively), Furthermore, the group fed the 5?% AP presented a significant reduction (p?<?0.01) in DNA damage induced by H2O2, a notable oxidant agent. The results suggest that the spray-dried a?ai pulp used here inhibits the TCC development in male Swiss mice, probably due to its potential antioxidant action. 相似文献
993.
Pistocchi R Guerrini F Pezzolesi L Riccardi M Vanucci S Ciminiello P Dell'Aversano C Forino M Fattorusso E Tartaglione L Milandri A Pompei M Cangini M Pigozzi S Riccardi E 《Marine drugs》2012,10(1):140-162
The Northern Adriatic Sea is the area of the Mediterranean Sea where eutrophication and episodes related to harmful algae have occurred most frequently since the 1970s. In this area, which is highly exploited for mollusk farming, the first occurrence of human intoxication due to shellfish consumption occurred in 1989, nearly 10 years later than other countries in Europe and worldwide that had faced similar problems. Until 1997, Adriatic mollusks had been found to be contaminated mostly by diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins (i.e., okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins) that, along with paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (i.e., saxitoxins), constitute the most common marine biotoxins. Only once, in 1994, a toxic outbreak was related to the occurrence of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in the Adriatic coastal waters. Moreover, in the past 15 years, the Adriatic Sea has been characterized by the presence of toxic or potentially toxic algae, not highly widespread outside Europe, such as species producing yessotoxins (i.e., Protoceratium reticulatum, Gonyaulax spinifera and Lingulodinium polyedrum), recurrent blooms of the potentially ichthyotoxic species Fibrocapsa japonica and, recently, by blooms of palytoxin-like producing species of the Ostreopsis genus. This review is aimed at integrating monitoring data on toxin spectra and levels in mussels farmed along the coast of the Emilia-Romagna region with laboratory studies performed on the species involved in the production of those toxins; toxicity studies on toxic or potentially toxic species that have recently appeared in this area are also reviewed. Overall, reviewed data are related to: (i) the yessotoxins producing species P. reticulatum, G. spinifera and L. polyedrum, highlighting genetic and toxic characteristics; (ii) Adriatic strains of Alexandrium minutum, Alexandrium ostenfeldii and Prorocentrum lima whose toxic profiles are compared with those of strains of different geographic origins; (iii) F. japonica and Ostreopsis cf. ovata toxicity. Moreover, new data concerning domoic acid production by a Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata strain, toxicity investigations on a Prorocentrum cf. levis, and on presumably ichthyotoxic species, Heterosigma akashiwo and Chattonella cf. subsalsa, are also reported. 相似文献
994.
Luiz Fernando Dias Batista Madeline E Rivera Aaron B Norris James P Muir Mozart A Fonseca Luis O Tedeschi 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)
The addition of natural plant secondary compounds to ruminant feed has been extensively studied because of their ability to modify digestive and metabolic functions, resulting in a potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, among other benefits. Condensed tannin (CT) supplementation may alter ruminal fermentation and mitigate methane (CH4) emissions. This study’s objective was to determine the effect of quebracho CT extract [QT; Schinopsis quebracho-colorado (Schltdl.) F.A. Barkley & T. Meyer] within a roughage-based diet on ruminal digestibility and kinetic parameters by using the in situ and in vitro gas production techniques, in addition to blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and ruminal (volatile fatty acid [VFA], NH3-N, and protozoa count) parameters. Twenty rumen-cannulated steers were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: QT at 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% of dry matter (DM; QT0: 0% CT, QT1: 0.70% CT, QT2: 1.41% CT, and QT3: 2.13% CT). The in situ DM digestibility increased linearly (P = 0.048) as QT inclusion increased, whereas in situ neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) was not altered among treatments (P = 0.980). Neither total VFA concentration nor acetate-to-propionate ratio differed among dietary treatments (P = 0.470 and P = 0.873, respectively). However, QT3 had lower isovalerate and isobutyrate concentrations compared with QT0 (P ≤ 0.025). Ruminal NH3 and BUN tended to decline (P ≤ 0.075) in a linear fashion as QT inclusion increased, suggesting decreased deamination of feed protein. Ruminal protozoa count was reduced in quadratic fashion (P = 0.005) as QT inclusion increased, where QT1 and QT2 were lower compared with QT0 and QT3. Urinary N excretion tended to reduce in a linear fashion (P = 0.080) as QT increased. There was a treatment (TRT) × Day interaction for in vitro total gas production and fractional rate of gas production (P = 0.013 and P = 0.007, respectively), and in vitro NDFD tended to be greater for QT treatments compared with no QT inclusion (P = 0.077). There was a TRT × Day interaction (P = 0.001) on CH4 production, with QT3 having less CH4 production relative to QT0 on day 0 and QT2 on days 7 and 28. Feeding QT up to 3% of the dietary DM in a roughage-based diet did not sacrifice the overall DM digestibility and ruminal parameters over time. Still, it is unclear why QT2 did not follow the same pattern as in vitro gas parameters. Detailed evaluations of amino acid degradation might be required to fully define CT influences on ruminal fermentation parameters and CH4 production. 相似文献
995.
996.
Luis Otavio Brito Rafael Arantes Caio Magnotti Rafael Derner Francisco Pchara Alfredo Olivera Luis Vinatea 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(2):497-508
An indoor trial was conducted for 28 days to evaluate the effects and interactions of biofloc and seaweed Ulva lactuca in water quality and growth of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in intensive system. L. vannamei (4.54 ± 0.09 g) were stocked in experimental tanks at a density 132 shrimp m?2 (566 shrimp m?3) and the U. lactuca was stocked at a density 0.46 kg m?2 (2.0 kg m?3). Biofloc with seaweed (BF-S) significantly reduced (P < 0.05) total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) by 25.9 %, nitrite–nitrogen (NO2–N) by 72.8 %, phosphate (PO 4 3 -P) by 24.6 %, and total suspended solids by 12.9 % in the water and significantly increased (P < 0.05) settleable solids by 34.2 % and final weight of shrimp by 6.9 % as compared to biofloc without seaweed. The BF-S can contribute by reducing nitrogen compounds (TAN and NO2–N), phosphate (PO 4 3 -P), and total suspended solids in water and increased final weight of shrimp. 相似文献
997.
Regina Coimbra Rola Luis Fernando Marins Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery Carlos Eduardo da Rosa Juliana Zomer Sandrini 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(6):1817-1825
Fish are commonly exposed to environmental pollutants, which in turns could induce an oxidative stress. So, it is important to understand the effects and the responses elicited by these toxicants in fish species, being fish cell lines important tools for this purpose. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of copper and UV-B radiation exposure on zebrafish hepatocytes (ZFL lineage) in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, sulfhydril groups content and mRNA levels of important genes related to cellular response to toxic agents. Exposure of ZFL cells to UV-B radiation (23.3 mJ/cm2) significantly increased levels of intracellular ROS and mRNA of both superoxide dismutase isoforms (sod1 and sod2), three glutathione S-transferase isoforms (gstα, gstµ and gstπ) and a heat shock protein (hsp70). However, no changes in nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH) content, as well as in the mRNA levels of genes related to glutathione (GSH) synthesis and recycling, were observed. Contrary to this, copper exposure (20 mg/L) diminished NP-SH content and increased the levels of mRNA of genes related to GSH synthesis (gclc and gs). Moreover, copper exposure increases the mRNA levels of some genes related to antioxidant defenses (gpx and gstπ), biotransformation reactions (cyp1a1) and protein repair (hsp70). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that both toxicants could increase ROS levels in ZFL cell line, but the responses are different, which could be related to activation of different signaling pathways. 相似文献
998.
Plínio S. Furtado Fabiane P. Serra Luis H. Poersch Wilson Wasielesky Jr. 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(2):653-659
Biofloc technology (BFT) has been used to rear white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. In this culturing system, the absence of aeration causes a rapid drop in dissolved oxygen levels, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be used as an emergency source of oxygen. This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration and safe level of H2O2 applied as a source of oxygen for juvenile white shrimp L. vannamei in a BFT system. Juveniles (1.39 ± 0.37 g) were exposed for 2 h to different concentrations of H2O2 [29 (100), 58 (200), 116 (400), 174 (600), 232 (800), 290 (1,000) and 348 (1,200) μL H2O2/L (ppm H2O2-29 %/L)] in addition to a control group without addition of H2O2, and the survival rates were monitored for 96 h. The LC50 values and 95 % confidence intervals at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were 235.5 (207–268), 199.1 (172–229), 171.1 (146–198) and 143.3 (120–170) μL H2O2/L, respectively. The safe level was 14.3 μL H2O2/L, and the highest concentration with survival rates similar to the control group (NOAEC) was 29 μL H2O2/L. In these concentrations, H2O2 can be used as a safe source of oxygen for L. vannamei reared in BFT systems. 相似文献
999.
Ricardo Vieira Rodrigues Janaína dos Santos Pedron Luis Alberto Romano Marcelo Borges Tesser Luís André Sampaio 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(5):1241-1247
Fish are potentially submitted to water acidification when reared in recirculating aquaculture systems. This study evaluated the responses of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum after acute exposure to acid water. Juvenile cobia (12.6 ± 0.5 g; 14.2 ± 0.2 cm) were acutely exposed to four pH levels (7.9 (control), 6.5, 6.0, and 5.5). After 24 h of exposure to different pH values, fish were sampled for physiological and histopathological evaluation. Acid water affected physiological parameters and induced morphological histopathologies on gill and skin of juvenile cobia, and these effects were more conspicuous with decreasing pH values. Acid stress induced blood acidosis in juvenile cobia, coupled to a decrease in bicarbonate (HCO3?) and saturated O2 (sO2) in fish blood. On the other hand, haematocrit, haemoglobin and glucose concentration increased their values (P < 0.01) comparing to control level. Hyperplasia with completely fusion of secondary lamella was observed in all pH treatments (6.5. 6.0 and 5.5), while telangiectasia and proliferation of chloride cells were present for fish exposed to pH 6.0 and 5.5. In skin hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucous cells, necrosis of these cells for fish exposed to pH 6.0 and 5.5 was observed. The results of this study demonstrate that acute acid water exposition affected physiology and histopathology in juvenile cobia, especially at pH values below 6.5. Accordingly, particular attention must be given to pH during cobia reared in recirculating aquaculture. 相似文献
1000.
Luis Lenin Vicente Pereira Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi Márcia Maria Urbanin Castanhole Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira Julianna Freires Barbosa Mary Massumi Itoyama 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)
The Heteroptera have holocentric chromosomes with kinetic activity restricted to the end of chromosomes. The first meiotic division is reductional for the autosomes and equational for the sexual. Only a few species of this suborder have been analyzed. In this study, we observed the morphologies of the testes of the Heteroptera species Belostoma anurum (Herrich-Schäffer, 1948), Belostoma micantulum (Stal, 1858), Gelastocoris angulatus (Melin, 1929), Gelastocoris flavus flavus (Guérin-Méneville, 1844), Rheumatobates crassifemur crassifemur (Esaki, 1926), Buenoa amnigenus (White, 1879), Buenoa unguis (Truxal, 1953), Martarega brasiliensis (Truxal, 1949), Martarega membranácea (White, 1879), Martarega uruguayensis (Berg, 1883), Rhagovelia tenuipes (Champion, 1898) and Rhagovelia zela (Drake, 1959). We found that the testes of these species can be round, round/spiral, or elongated/spiral. The size of the prophase I cells was found to vary, with the smallest ones being detected in B. micantulum and Rha. zela, the largest in G. f. flavus, and ones of intermediate size in R. c. crassifemur and M. brasiliensis. With respect to the chromosome complement, we verified the presence of 2n = 16 (14A+XY, B. micantulum and G. angulatus), 21 (20A+X0, R. c. crassifemur), 23 (22A+X0, Rha. zela and Rha. tenuipes), 25 (24A+X0, Bu. amnigenus and Bu. unguis; 22A+2m+X0, M. membranacea), 27 (24A+2m+X0, M. brasiliensis and M. uruguayensis), 29 (26A+X1X2Y, B. anurum), and 35 (30A+X1X2X3X4Y, G. f. flavus). We found that the features of spermatogenesis in these species are similar to those of other previously described Heteroptera species, differing only in testicular morphology, chromosome number, and sex chromosome system. 相似文献