新世纪山西省农村科技技术体系研究

通过21世纪山西省农业与农村经济面临的形势分析,提出必须实现农村技术创新和建立有特色的农村科技体系,并阐述了到2020年山西省农村科技的重点领域和保证农村科技体系建设的主要措施。     

上海都市农业可持续发展的产业形态研究

提出上海都市农业作为与都市经济发展和人民生活息息相关的基础产业,应当优先实施可持续发展战略。上海都市农业的可持续发展,一定要走农业产业化的道路。具体来讲,就是要建设以下两大类型6种产业形态的都市农业:(1)产品型都市农业,包括生态农业、设施农业、创汇农业等;(2)服务型都市农业,包括绿化农业、旅游农业、休闲农业等。     

Rhizospheric and heterotrophic respiration of a warm-temperate oak chronosequence in China

Plot trenching and root decomposition experiments were conducted in a warm-temperate oak chronosequence (40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old, and 143-year-old) in China. We partitioned total soil surface CO₂ efflux (R_S) into heterotrophic (R_H) and rhizospheric (R_R) components across the growing season of 2009. We found that the temporal variation of R_R and R_H can be well explained by soil temperature (T₅) at 5 cm depth using exponential equations for all forests. However, R_R of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests peaked in September, while their T₅ peaks occurred in August. R_R of 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests showed a similar pattern to T₅. The contribution of R_R to R_S (RC) of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests presented a second peak in September. Seasonal variation of R_R may be accounted for by the different successional stages. Cumulative R_H and R_R during the growing season varied with forest age. The estimated R_H values for 40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests averaged 431.72, 452.02, 484.62 and 678.93 g C m⁻², respectively, while the corresponding values of R_R averaged 191.94, 206.51, 321.13 and 153.03 g C m⁻². The estimated RC increased from 30.78% in the 40-year-old forest to 39.85% in the 80-year-old forest and then declined to 18.39% in the 143-year-old forest. We found soil organic carbon (SOC), especially the light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), stock at 0-10 cm soil depth correlated well with R_H. There was no significant relationship between R_R and fine root biomass regardless of stand age. Measured apparent temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of R_H (3.93 ± 0.27) was significantly higher than that of R_R (2.78 ± 0.73). Capillary porosity decreased as stand age increased and it was negatively correlated to cumulative R_S. Our results emphasize the importance of partitioning soil respiration in evaluating the stand age effect on soil respiration and its significance to future model construction.     

鸡盲肠扁桃体组织结构早期发育的动态观察

本研究利用HE染色方法结合图像分析软件和数据统计软件,观察雏鸡不同生长发育阶段盲肠扁桃体的组织学发育过程和结构特征。结果显示:随着日龄的增长,盲肠扁桃体特征结构不断发育成熟,并在21日龄时基本达到成熟水平。21日龄时,盲肠扁桃体粘膜层中下部形成生发中心,其数目在35日龄时达到稳定。证实,鸡出壳后初期,盲肠扁桃体免疫功能迅速增强,并在35日龄时达到成熟水平。     

浅谈中国特色进出境动植物检验检疫体系中的公共关系

本文在阐述中国特色进出境动植物检验检疫公共关系概念的基础上,分析我国进出境动植物检验检疫公共关系的现状,论述了构建检验检疫公共关系的重要性;并初步探讨了构建良好公共关系的原则及方法。     

霍林河流域洪水径流演变规律及驱动机制研究

霍林河是松嫩平原西部地区科尔沁、向海和查干湖湿地的重要补给水源,其洪泛作用对流域洪泛区环境系统的景观维系起着决定作用。选取流域3个代表测站近50年来的年最大洪峰流量序列,分析流域洪水径流演变的规律及驱动机制,包括自然和人为干扰两方面,可以为流域防洪减灾及洪水资源化利用提供理论依据。霍林河洪水以雨洪型为主,洪水多发于降雨...     

吉林省半干旱地区种植机械化生产工艺的改革与试验

阐述了吉林省半干旱地区种植机械化生产工艺改革的依据与特点,介绍了耕整地联合作业机和镇压式抗旱播种机性能与结构设计的原则和成果,并报导了施肥对播种出苗的影响、深松与镇压对种床土壤墒情的影响等。     

PEG介导的Botryosphaeria dothidea突变体库表型分析及致病突变体筛选

对已建立的PEG突变体库中随机挑选的320株突变体菌株进行表型和致病性筛选,获得表型或致病性显著变化的菌株。将突变菌株及野生菌株接种至PDA培养基,观察生长3d和7d时菌落颜色及形态,测量菌落直径。将表型变化菌株及野生菌株接种于离体富士叶片,测量接种5d后病斑直径。生长速率检测显示有40株生长速率加快,有3株生长速率显著下降。14株突变体菌落颜色发生明显变化,菌落呈黑色或纯白色;15株突变体菌落形状不规则且气生菌丝稀疏;其中7株同时具有两种表型特征。致病性测定获得致病性增强突变体s104和致病性减弱突变体s172。所筛选的320株突变体中,表型异常菌株占6.8%,同时获得两株致病性变化菌株,对进一步揭示Botryosphaeria dothidea的致病机理具有重要价值。     

黑玉米杂交种“黑糯941”的选育及应用研究

通过突变黑粒种质的纯化、筛选,采用回交转育法将黑粒种质导入到白糯玉米育种材料中再选系或转育成黑粒同型系,组配黑糯玉米杂交种.根据育种目标,经籽粒色泽、品质、抗逆性鉴定和产量配合力的测交试验,决选出适合作母本和父本的品系组成“黑糯941”杂交种.经初步生产检验和示范已获较好效果.     

两系法杂交水稻杂种优势利用研究进展

对中国两系法杂交水稻研究理论及育种实践的现状和发展趋势进行了综合评述,认为:选育纯光敏型和广亲和型光温敏核不育系是当前两系杂交稻雄性不育系研究工作的重点;以生物技术为辅助手段朔造水稻理想株型,理想株型与优势利用相结合是超级杂交稻育成的关键;应用分子标记辅助育种与常规方法相合是加速育种进程的有效途径。