基于相对和绝对定量同位素标记技术分析2种成熟度桑叶对家蚕脂肪体蛋白质组的影响

本试验旨在探索家蚕体适应桑叶营养物质变动的微观机制。首先检测老、嫩2种成熟度桑叶的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、可溶性糖、还原性糖、多糖、总黄酮、总多酚和1-脱氧野尻霉素（1-DNJ）含量,然后采用相对和绝对定量同位素标记（iTRAQ）技术分析由这2种桑叶饲喂3 d的5龄家蚕脂肪体蛋白质组表达谱,并对差异表达蛋白进行生物信息学分析。结果显示：嫩桑叶的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、还原性糖、总黄酮、总多酚、1-DNJ含量极显著高于老桑叶（P<0.01）。iTRAQ定量分析共鉴定到家蚕脂肪体蛋白2 172个,2组间差异表达蛋白173个。相对于摄食老桑叶的家蚕,摄食嫩桑叶的家蚕脂肪体中上调表达蛋白为85个,下调表达蛋白为88个。对其中的111个差异表达蛋白[差异表达倍数（FC）>1.25或<0.80]的功能富集分析发现,GO和KEGG通路注释到这些蛋白主要参与物质代谢、运输和贮存,应激和免疫反应,机体发育等生物学过程。差异表达蛋白互作网络分析筛选到核糖体蛋白和神经前体细胞表达发育下调蛋白8(NEDD8)的网络中心性高。综上可知,桑叶成熟度显著影响其营养物质含量,引起摄食老、嫩桑叶家蚕脂肪体蛋...     

阿月浑子结果特性研究现状

介绍了国外阿月浑子大小年结果的研究进展,包括以下几个方面：（１） 花序芽分化及其脱落;（２） 树体对大小年结果的响应;（３） 激素与花序芽脱落;（４） 大小年结果的控制措施;（５） 大小年结果机理和存在的问题     

阿月浑子砧本研究进展

综合介绍了世界阿月浑子砧木资源、自然分布、栽培表现、育苗及繁殖技术及其研究进展。     

猴头菌提取物对大鼠胃粘膜损伤保护作用的研究

用三种不同主式得到的猴头菌提取物(猴头菌子实体粗多糖、猴头菌菌丝体粗多糖、猴头菌菌丝体全提物)对乙醇致大鼠胃粘膜损伤的治疗作用进行研究。结果表明,当以等原生药量计时,子实休机多糖疗效最明显,菌丝体全提物次之,菌丝体粗多糖较差,溃疡抑制率分别达70.8％、51.4％和41.5％;当以等多糖含量计时,则三个样品的疗效接近,溃疡抑制率达到60％左右。这进一步证实猴头菌多糖是猴头菌保护大鼠胃粘膜的主要活性物质。     

Sorbent Materials Characterization Based on Mechanical or Thermal Pretreated Montmorillonite Modified by Surfactant Loading for Improved Chromium Retention

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The treatment efficiency of Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus species, immobilized in sodium alginate, was evaluated for removing nitrate from groundwater....     

保水剂和微生物菌肥配施对旱作燕麦土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量及酶活性的影响

为探讨保水剂和微生物菌肥配施后旱作燕麦土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量及酶活性的影响,在内蒙古黄土高原旱作农田设置不施用保水剂和微生物菌肥(CK)、保水剂和微生物菌肥配施(A)、单施微生物菌肥(B)和单施保水剂(C)4个处理,分析燕麦全生育期内0—10,10—20,20—40 cm土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量及酶活性时空动态变化和产量变化。结果表明:(1)全生育期,土壤微生物量碳含量呈"双峰"曲线变化,峰值均出现在孕穗期和灌浆期;氮含量呈先降低后升高再降低趋势,苗期含量最高;过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均呈"单峰"曲线变化,过氧化氢酶、土壤蔗糖酶峰值在孕穗期,土壤脲酶则在抽穗期。(2)除CK外,土壤微生物量碳、氮含量及过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性表现为0—10 cm10—20 cm20—40 cm,其中配施(A)对0—10,10—20 cm影响均显著(p0.05),单施(B、C)仅对10—20 cm土层影响显著(p0.05)。(3)10—20 cm土层,配施(A)与其他3个处理间差异均显著(p0.05),提高微生物量碳含量4.82%～40.28%、微生物生物量氮含量8.44%～68.66%、过氧化氢酶活性13.32%～60.16%、蔗糖酶活性10.45%～39.14%、脲酶活性12.40%～55.62%。(4)配施(A)能同时显著(p0.05)提高燕麦籽粒产量和生物产量,提高幅度分别为8.40%～20.12%和10.80%～25.09%。因此,保水剂和微生物菌肥配施在黄土高原旱作区具有较好改善土壤微生物活性效果,提高旱作燕麦产量。     

Organic phosphorus mineralization characteristics in sediments from the coastal salt marshes of a Chinese delta under simulated tidal cycles

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Sediment organic phosphorus (OP) mineralization plays an important role in phosphorus cycling in coastal salt marshes. However, information on OP mineralization...     

Effect of soil acidification on the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of maize in Ultisols

Purpose

To examine the effect of soil acidification on growth and nitrogen (N) uptake by maize in Ultisols.

Materials and methods

A clay Ultisol derived from Quaternary red earth and a sandy Ultisol derived from tertiary red sandstone were used in this study. A pot experiment was conducted with maize growing in the two Ultisols acidified to different pH values. Urea with ¹⁵N abundance of 10.11% was used to investigate the distribution of N fertilizer between soil and plant. Total N content and ¹⁵N abundance in plant and soil samples were determined by elemental analysis-isotope mass spectrometry.

Results and discussion

Critical soil pHs of 4.8 and 5.0 were observed for maize growing in the clay and sandy Ultisols, respectively. Below the critical soil pH, increasing soil pH significantly increased maize height and the yield of maize shoots and roots (both P < 0.05), but changes in soil pH showed no significant effect on maize growth above the critical soil pH in both Ultisols. Maize growing in the sandy Ultisol was more sensitive to changes in soil pH than in the clay Ultisol. Increase in the pH in both Ultisols also increased N accumulation in maize, the N derived from fertilizer in maize, physiological N use efficiency, and N use efficiency (NUE) by maize. Changes in soil pH had a greater effect on these parameters below the critical soil pH, compared to above. The change in soil pH had a greater effect on N accumulation in maize, the N derived from fertilizer in maize, and NUE in the sandy Ultisol than in the clay Ultisol. The NUE increased by 24.4% at pH 6.0, compared with pH 4.0 in the clay Ultisol, while the NUE at pH 5.0 was 4.8 times that at pH 4.0 in the sandy Ultisol. The increase in soil pH increased the ratio of N accumulation in maize/soil residue N and decreased the potential loss of fertilizer N from both Ultisols.

Conclusions

Soil acidification inhibited maize growth, reduced N uptake by maize, and thus, decreased NUE. To maintain soil pH of acidic soils above the critical values for crops is of practical importance for sustainable food production in acidic soils.

     

Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme (Global-DEP): Australasian consultation report

Journal of Soils and Sediments -     

流动分析仪快速测定土壤全磷含量

土壤经碱熔法消解,对连续流动分析仪和钼锑抗比色法所测土壤全磷含量进行比较分析,探讨流动分析仪测定碱熔法土壤全磷含量的可行性。结果表明,两种方法测定结果经 t检验,双尾 P(T ≤t)=0.5254,无显著性差异。回归直线方程y(流动分析仪-P)=1.0606x(钼锑抗比色法-P)-0.0191, R=0.9900。流动分析仪测定碱熔法土壤全磷的加标回收率在 98.09%～ 102.89%,3个样品重复测定 5次的相对标准偏差为 1.20%～ 2.07%。流动分析仪精密度与准确性高,试剂用量少,检测效率高,适用于批量土壤全磷的检测分析。